Probabilistic Graphical Model for Computer Vision

The This is line of World of Reading early readers is designed to offer reluctant readers books they will want to read by featuring the origin stories of characters they love.Learn how Kamala Khan finds out that she's an Inhuman with super powers and becomes Ms. Marvel, how Peter Parker puts his powers to good use and becomes the friendly neighborhood Spider-Man, how Jane Foster becomes The Mighty Thor, how Shang-Chi uses his martial arts skills to becomes an Avenger, and how Kate trains to be the ultimate super hero.Discover how Marvel's most popular characters became the Super Heroes they are today in this bind-up of 5 stories perfect for reluctant readers.Features:large, easy-to-read printshort, simple sentencesfun illustrations Complete your Marvel World of Reading collection and get to know the origin stories for each of your favorite heroes!This is Black PantherThis is Miles MoralesThis is Captain MarvelThis is Black WidowThis is ThorThis is Doctor StrangeThis is FalconFor r

An action-packed comedy about a fake family that includes a spy, an assassin and a telepath! Master spy Twilight is unparalleled when it comes to going undercover on dangerous missions for the betterment of the world. But when he receives the ultimate assignment--to get married and have a kid--he may finally be in over his head! Yor is assigned to bodyguard a mafia family on a cruise ship by the secret organization Garden. But with Lloyd and Anya also on board thanks to a giveaway they won, Yor is starting to have doubts about her secret life as an assassin...

It's a warm summer's day, so Boy and his grandad pack up their provisions and head for the seaside. There's so much to do, from exploring rock pools to building a magnificent sandcastle. But their day takes a different turn when they go for a swim and find a baby seal caught up in a net.Its rescue leads Boy and Grandad on a thrilling underwater adventure!All the excitement of a day at the beach is captured with Sam Usher's stunning illustrations in this classic book, the fourth in a highly collectable series, following on from WILD, FREE and LOST.

《全方位華語精進讀本》提供中文學習者精選閱讀素材 以第二外語學習者的詞彙及程度編寫，契合需求 有效提升閱讀理解能力！ 除了一般教材，閱讀理解力的提升是語言學習的關鍵。 第二外語學習者的閱讀力需求，包含適量的詞彙、符合學習程度的句型語法、適當的主題題材、充分的詞彙應用說明，以及大量的練習題檢視吸收成效。 本書為資深海外及國內華語教師團隊撰寫的閱讀材料，書中選題契合時代趨勢，用詞遣字斟酌符合學習者需求，而清楚明瞭的結構培養閱讀寫作能力，精心設計的習題測驗理解程度，更加鍛鍊學習要點，並延伸學習應用變化。 除了契合語言學習的需求，同時亦可為華語能力測驗做準備。 適用對象：《當代中文課程》第三冊延伸閱讀、TOCFL Designed for students learning Chinese at intermediate through advanced-low proficiency levels, The Ultimate Chinese Reader cover engaging topics from Chinese literature, history & geography, technology, and culture studies, suitable for all learners to polish their reading comprehension abilities. It can be useful resource to the preparation for TOCFL as well. Each chapter includes vocabulary and intense exercise and practice section especially designed to further enhance reading and writing skills. The Ultimate Chinese Reader may be used independently for reading courses or as supplementary materials in existing Chinese learning programs. This book is ideal for learners with the

Tomas, the boy who grew dragons, is officially the Grand High Dragon Master. He's lived with his dragons - Flicker and Zing - and grown dozens more. He's an expert at caring for the dragonfruit tree. He knows all the tricks for training dragons, nurturing dragonfruit seedlings and defusing dragon poo. So - he has this brilliant idea. He and his friends have got to get all their dragon expertise down, in one easy-to-read place, for them, and anyone else who might find themselves growing dragons! The only problem is - Tomas's friends Ted, Kat, Kai, Liam and Aura are currently scattered all around the world, from Suffolk to Mexico to China. Perhaps, though, if they can get their heads together, they can figure this all out together, and create the most brilliant ULTIMATE GUIDE ever, together? Of course, what they don't release is they still have a lot to learn about dragons!

Max finally meets her hero, Albert Einstein, as she dashes across glaciers, visits the Great Barrier Reef, and flies a solar-powered jet in a race to stop global warming - before it's too late for planet earth. So far, Max and her team of genius friends have solved problems that no one else could, including: bringing solar energy to remote locations, producing clean drinking water across the globe, and ending world hunger. No easy task, even for a genius! But now Max and her friends must take on their biggest challenge yet, something that affects every living creature on the planet.Max must figure out how to prevent climate change from destroying the earth. But sinister forces want to keep Max from succeeding, and this time, even the very foundation of the Change Makers Institute is threatened. Now Max must not only save herself and her friends, but the entire planet, too

There's a spooky mystery at school, in the sixth hilarious case in the award-winning Anisha, Accidental Detective series!It's Halloween and everyone is excited about the school disco. It's a bit much for me - all that dressing-up and dancing. I'd rather cosy up with a good book, but Milo, Mindy and Manny are all super excited.Or at least, they were excited, until all these strange things started happening - messages appearing on the whiteboard, lights flickering on and off, books flying off the library shelves... Some of the other kids have been whispering that the school is haunted, but Mr Graft says that if the spooky mischief doesn't stop, then the disco will be cancelled.Looks like a mission for me, Anisha, accidental ghost detective!Praise for the Anisha, Accidental Detective series:Winner of the Sainsbury's Children's Book Prize and of the Crimefest Best Crime Novel for ChildrenShortlisted for the Blue Peter Book Award, the British Book Awards Children's Book of the Year, and the

電影《贖罪》原著小說作者伊恩•麥克伊旺全新作品，描寫主人翁羅蘭德，行過從二戰終末直至現今的歷史波瀾，在愛、傷痛、漂泊之中，嘗試解答對自身存在的疑問：我們是否能在不傷害他人的情況下，全然活出自我？The mesmerising new novel from Ian McEwan, the bestselling author of Atonement. The world is forever changing. But for so many of us, old wounds run deep. Lessons is an intimate yet universal story of love, regret and a restless search for answers.'The supreme novelist of his generation' Sunday Times'McEwan is one of the most accomplished craftsmen of plot and prose' New York Times'A true master' Daily TelegraphWhile the world is still counting the cost of the Second World War and the Iron Curtain has descended, young Roland Baines's life is turned upside down. Stranded at boarding school, his vulnerability attracts his piano teacher, Miriam Cornell, leaving scars as well as a memory of love that will never fade.Twenty-five years later, as the radiation from the Chernobyl disaster spreads across Europe, Roland's wife mysteriously vanishes and he is forced to confront the reality of his root

Join fisherman Finn and his dog, Skip, on their third adventure in this illustrated story book for young children, that teaches them about climate change and what they can do to help.It’s Skip’s birthday and Finn has planned an exciting surprise for him―a trip in a hot-air balloon. As they lift off the ground and rise above the clouds, they think that this birthday adventure couldn’t have gotten off to a better start. But when a bird snatches Finn’s hat and goggles from him, a wild chase ensues. As they land on a small rocky island, they find that the bird has made a nest out of Finn’s things. An encounter with a local scientist reveals the surprising plight of these feathered friends….This book is an important introduction to the environmental concerns facing our wildlife, featuring colorful illustrations and an engaging, light-hearted storyline, drawn and written by Brendan Kearney. Grown-ups and children will enjoy reading together and following the story of Finn and Skip. They'll f

A sweet, playful story of animal friendship that will help young readers overcome their fear of the dark and of the unknown. Warm, vibrant illustrations and a great read-aloud story make this picture book perfect for parents teaching their kids to be brave.One evening, Barnaby and his two friends are out for a moonlight stroll in the woods where they live. Although it's peaceful at first, they begin to worry: What was that large shadow? Are those dinosaur tracks on the ground? Is it a witch? Or could it just be another friendly animal on a walk?By confronting their fears and learning to be brave and explore, Barnaby and his friends set a great example for young children who are scared of the dark or whose imaginations run wild. Kids will relate to Barnaby and friends and, through their adventures, learn that they don't have to be afraid of anything!

Young Philip Pirrip, nicknamed Pip, is meant to become an apprentice for his brother-in-law, a poor blacksmith. But his destiny changes upon meeting three unusual people: an escaped convict, a tragic woman, and a captivating young girl. Pip's life is altered in an instant when a secret benefactor gives him a large sum of money. Pip has "great expectations" for his new life as successful and wealthy life as a young gentleman. Has his life actually changed for the better . . . or for the worse?

Join your favorite characters from Animal Crossing™: New Horizons for all-new adventures in this official manga!What do the residents of Animal Crossing™: New Horizons get up to when you’re not around? Find out all about their antics in this hilarious manga filled with goofy gags and silly stories!Get ready for even more charming characters from Animal Crossing: New Horizons to show up for all the fun! K.K. Slider might even drop by the island!

《大猩猩》作者安東尼‧布朗的全新故事！如果你有三個願望，你會許什麼願？當三個好朋友正癱坐在沙發上看電視時，沒人想到會突然有個神祕的藍色精靈，跳出來說要實現他們的願望…If you had three wishes, what would you wish for? Anthony Browne is back with a brilliantly funny story with a moral message at its heart. Lambert, Hilda and Ros are bored on the sofa, watching tv and a little bit grumbly. .However after a surreal turn of events, the three friends are visited by a mysterious blue fairy who gives them more than they bargained for. Be careful what you wish for, it might just come true...The Three Wishes is a hilarious twist on a tale that focuses on the importance of being content and present in the moment.

Welcome to Polar Bear Island. NO OTHERS ALLOWED!” So says Parker, the mayor, eager to keep the island just the way it is. But Kirby, a newly arrived penguin, is shaking things up—much to Parker’s dismay. The other polar bears love Kirby and beg Parker to let Kirby (and her family) move in. Will Parker agree . . . and make the island fun for EVERYONE? With its gentle message of inclusivity, this energetic story is a splash.

A safe, no-mess, and fun way to celebrate Hanukkah! Pop up the menorah and add a sturdy paper candle for each of the eight nights of Hanukkah!Discover fun and festive Hanukkah collectibles and a stunningly detailed pop-up menorah in this unique Hanukkah decoration and activity. This is the perfect way to celebrate the Festival of Lights!Open a new pocket each night to discover a paper candle to place on the menorah. Fun, interactive, and fire-free, Hanukkah Pop-Up Calendar is a beautiful addition to your holidays!NEW HANUKKAH TRADITION: Count down the eight nights of Hanukkah by opening a pocket each night to discover a new paper candle to place on the pop-up menorah.FIRE-FREE FUN: A safe way to “light” the menorah for all ages.

You can take a witch out of Brooklyn . . . and put her in the woods? As if learning magic wasn't hard enough, now Effie has to go to SUMMER CAMP! The hit middle-grade graphic novel series continues with this new adventure that's filled to the brim with magic and mayhem!School's out, and Effie is ready for SUMMER! Too bad she's being sent off to the wilderness for boring old summer camp. Nothing says "exciting new adventure" like being stuck in nature with mosquitoes. Sure, other witches might be there. And maybe she'll learn some cool new magic.But Effie would rather spend time with the friends she already has. She's always relied on them for help. . . . What will happen when she heads off to camp all by herself?Sophie Escabasse brings us more magic in this new volume of Witches of Brooklyn!

A very funny and philosophical illustrated chapter book by a bestselling author/illustrator pair about courage, true friendship and our most secret wishes, in which a lame duck takes a blind hen on a goose chase as they search for adventure and answers to some big questions.A duck spends her days limping around her backyard with the help of a crutch until one day a blind hen stumbles in, lost, and persuades the duck to embark on an adventurous journey. The duck will guide the hen; the hen will steady the duck’s wobbly leg. They leave together for a place where their most secret wishes will come true. The pair come upon astonishing obstacles along the way—a wild forest, a cavernous gorge and many differences of opinion. The hen starts to wish she’d taken a guide dog rather than a duck! When the two finally arrive at their destination after all the hardships, they realize that their own backyard plus a little imagination offers as much adventure as a whole world.From the author/illustrat

This new series of little books builds children's confidence with mathematical vocabulary and ideas and provides a foundation for learning in a way that feels good. Using carefully chosen words in relatable settings from the world around them, this book creates a moment for children and adults to discover first sorting words through dressing up and having fun. The engaging art style, fun characters and hardback picture book feel make this series accessible and perfect to share.Written and illustrated by the same winning team as 'Big Words for Little People', this series is special not only because it focuses on maths in a child-friendly way, but also because it's from Oxford, it's packed with educational goodness that helps children develop and grow.

Usborne First Jigsaws: Trucks (8款2片拼圖+書)Usborne First Jigsaws: Things that go (4款4片拼圖+書)Usborne First Jigsaws: Dinosaurs (4款4片拼圖+書)Little transport enthusiasts will love this boxed set of eight simple jigsaws and a book about trucks. Each sturdy jigsaw comes in two easy-to-match pieces, while the 24-page book is perfect for reading together. Great for keeping little ones busy and helping them develop problem solving and finger control skills.

This new series of little books builds children's confidence with mathematical vocabulary and ideas and provides a foundation for learning in a way that feels good. Using carefully chosen words in relatable settings from the world around them, this book creates a moment for children and adults to discover first counting words at a pizza party. The engaging art style, fun characters and hardback picture book feel make this series accessible and perfect to share.Written and illustrated by the same winning team as 'Big Words for Little People', this series is special not only because it focuses on maths in a child-friendly way, but also because it's from Oxford, it's packed with educational goodness that helps children develop and grow.

Discover a world of animal opposites!From the tallest giraffe to the smallest mouse, little hands will love lifting the flaps of this bright and chunky board book. With bright, quirky art from Liuna Virardi and fold-out flaps to lift and explore, this book is perfect for teaching little ones first opposites. Also available in the OKIDOKID Opposites series: Vehicles and People

In this wonderfully festive picture book, Yuval Zommer imagines the Northern Lights' fleeting journey from space to Earth and how they weave a special magic for the animals and people living in the frozen lands below. From tiny specs of dust to gleaming rays in the dark, the Northern Lights travel across the Arctic, uniting every creature in a celebration that reverberates through land and sea.

'A thrilling journey into a magical world packed with Rob’s brilliant humour.' - David WalliamsSuperstar, author and illustrator Rob Biddulph dazzles in Peanut Jones and the Twelve Portals. This second title in the funny, exciting adventure series for boys and girls of 8 to 12 fizzes with magic, danger, friendship and art. It is fully illustrated throughout by Rob, the creative genius behind #DrawWithRob.Some legends are born, some are drawn . . .Famous works of art are disappearing from all over the world. One moment they are there, the next, they have crumbled to dust. Peanut Jones and her friends suspect it might have something to do with the magical world of Chroma and the wicked Mr White's plot to wipe out colour, art and creativity. It's time to head back to the Illustrated City and help the resistance fight back.Praise for the first title in the series Peanut Jones and the Illustrated City:'Peanut Jones is AWESOME. I loved this book from start to finish - the story is packed wit

It's time to snuggle down for a bedtime story with Elmer! In this chunky shaped board book, Elmer helps Baby Elephant find his lost teddy just in time for bed. Everybody needs their own special teddy bear at bedtime... have you got yours?A perfect introduction to the classicElmer and the Lost Teddystory for the very youngest readers, with an abridged text of the best-loved tale.

The Spy Ninjas are going viral in their first original graphic novel!The Spy Ninjas finally have the upper hand! Chad and Vy have discovered a super secret project Zorgo base. It's filled with gadgets, gizmos and some serious technology. Chad and Vy just have to show some of this to the other Spy Ninjas. They bring a VR headset home with them, but it's more than meets the eye. Chad and Vy try on the headset and get sucked into a virtual world! This can't be good. Complete with digital bosses, exploding food, and wacky characters, will the Spy Ninjas be able to escape or will project Zorgo prevail once and for all? This original graphic novel is perfect for readers searching for a whirlwind adventure!

A series of chunky board books featuring things that go and sliding counters!Discover five different cars in this series of interactive board books with easy-to-use moving parts – a car, a sports car, a racecar, a four-wheel drive and a taxi!Learn vehicle vocabulary with simple first words, clear diagrams and helpful text prompts to encourage discussion. Then trace 5 types of transport around 5 different tracks with a moving counter on every spread and the cover. The perfect book for children who love racecars – and being in the driving seat!Other titles in the series include: Farm, Building Site and Trucks

One of Us Is Lying meets Lord of the Flies meets Fyre Fest in this wickedly addictive and funny YA thriller.Rafi Francisco needs something really special to put her true crime podcast on the map. She sets her sights on River Stone, the hearthrob musician who rose to stardom after the mysterious disappearance of his girlfriend. Rafi lands herself a ticket to the exclusive Fly Fest, where River will be the headliner.But when Rafi arrives on the Caribbean island location of Fly Fest with hundreds of other influencers and (very minor) celebrities, they quickly discover that the dream trip is more of a nightmare. And it’s not just confronting beauty gurus-gone-wild and spotty WiFi. Soon, Rafi goes from fighting for an interview to fighting for her life. And, as she gets closer to River, she discovers that he might be hiding even darker secrets than she suspected . . .

目前坊間介紹 AI 的教科書，或者是市面上發行雜誌類型的書，大都是「技術導向」，聚焦於演算法與深度學習 Model 的設計。其實個人認為，對一些大學或研究生而言（尤其對非資訊本科的學生來說），由於並不是要被訓練為 AI 工程師，因此首先應該從更廣、更高的角度來瞭解 AI，而非僅就「技術」的角度來切入。尤其是「AI 導論」這門課，個人認為應該讓 AI 的初學者由下列幾個重要的角度來廣泛性瞭解 AI，包括：基本觀念的角度：瞭解 AI 是什麼？AI 與人類智慧有何差別？技術的角度：瞭解 AI 的主要學習理論與重要的演算法。核心技術應用的角度：包括電腦視覺、自然語言處理、機器人等主要技術與應用。企業應用的角度：包含 AI 在企業各個功能上的主要應用。產業應用的角度：包含 AI 在各個主要產業，包括醫療、交通、金融上的主要應用。網路上的應用角度：包含 AI 在網際網路、行動網路、社群網路、物聯網上的主要應用。企業管理的角度：包含企業在策略層次上要如何規劃 AI 的架構及企業引進 AI 的關鍵成功因素等。AI 對人類威脅與安全的角度：到底 AI 會不會威脅到人類的生存與安全？各派學說推理的比較分析，AI 要如何治理才能安全的服務人類等議題。本書適合所有科系第一門 AI 導論的課程，即使是工學院的學生，也可以透過這種廣度的介紹來瞭解除了技術之外，AI 對人類的重要應用與衝擊。教學配件：教學PowerPoint、教師手冊本書搭配：線上AI實務與影音資料

Howl with laughter and squeal with delight at this monstrously funny picture book and audio CD from number one bestselling author David Walliams, illustrated by the awesome Adam Stower! Performed by David Walliams - perfect for sharing at Halloween! Howler is a SMALL werewolf with a BIG problem. He is just not SCARY! And that makes him the odd one out at Monster School... But when Howler finds some new friends, he discovers that being the ODD one out might just make him the COOLEST one of all...With giggles on every page, this hilarious new picture book is perfect for ALL little monsters.

There's so much to love about October - Halloween, pumpkin everything and MAGIC. Especially magic. But for nervous young witch Clemmie, this October might see the stars descend on her for the first time, bringing with them a whole month of chaotic new power.She's spent twelve years watching her mum, aunts and cousin receive their October power and knows that, for the Merlyns, magic can get very messy. And there are those who want to harness their magic and make it last beyond October. It's a bold experiment, until Clemmie and her coven find themselves in mortal danger.What price must be paid for magic that never ends? Or for having magic at all?

Little transport enthusiasts will love this boxed set of eight simple jigsaws and a book about trucks. Each sturdy jigsaw comes in two easy-to-match pieces, while the 24-page book is perfect for reading together. Featuring eight terrific trucks, from a car transporter to a fire truck.Great for keeping little ones busy and helping them develop problem solving and finger control skills.

★ 風靡全球的魔法校園經典，原創女巫寄宿學校故事★ 50週年紀念版登場，帶讀者重返最初的魔法世界★ 《哈利波特》之前，孩子們先愛上的，就是這位最糟卻最討喜的小女巫本書是《淘氣女巫》系列的第一集，也是魔法寄宿學校故事的經典起點。幽默、生動又充滿畫面感的情節，讓人彷彿走進一座老派又迷人的女巫學校，跟著米德爾德一起跌跌撞撞地成長，一邊闖禍，一邊發光。The Worst Witch - the original magical boarding school series! Celebrate The Worst Witch, the original magical boarding school series, with this spellbinding 50th anniversary edition. School spells trouble for Mildred Hubble!Disaster-prone Mildred is a trainee at Miss Cackle's Academy for Witches, but she's making an awful mess of it. She keeps getting her spells wrong and crashing her broomstick.'Riding a broomstick is no easy matter!'She manages to scrape by until she turns Ethel, the teacher's pet, into her worst enemy, and her cauldron begins to bubble with chaos. . .Also in The Worst Witch series:The Worst Witch Strikes AgainA Bad Spell for the Worst WitchThe Worst Witch All at SeaThe Worst Witch Saves the DayThe Worst Witch to the RescueThe Worst Witch and the Wishing StarFirst Prize for the Worst Witch

If you enjoyed A Minecraft Movie, you’ll love this book! Discover everything you need to know about how to survive in the Overworld with this brand-new handbook! The Overworld is waiting to be explored – you just need to survive long enough to do it! With dangers lurking around every corner, staying alive can be tricky for even the most experienced player. Whether it’s finding resources, crafting equipment or protecting yourself from hostile mobs, this Survival Handbook will teach you everything you need to know to stay alive in Minecraft. With so much to explore, there’s sure to be something for players of every level.Explore. Thrive. Survive.Try our indispensable handbooks for your Minecraft journey:Minecraft Redstone Handbook 978 0008495992Minecraft Creative Handbook 978 0755500413Minecraft Combat Handbook 978 0755500420Minecraft Explorers Handbook 9780008608507Minecraft Legends Handbook 978 0008595012 Brilliant books full of inspiration:Minecraft Bite Size Builds: 978 0755500406Min

Sparkling new branding for The Worst Witch - the original magical boarding school series!The second hilarious adventure in the Worst Witch series.'I wonder,' said Miss Cackle, 'if there is any hope for you in this Academy, Mildred.'It's the Summer Term at Miss Cackle's Academy for Witches and disaster-prone, trainee witch Mildred Hubble is in deep trouble again - all because of the new girl Enid Nightshade, who isn't nearly as sweet and innocent as she looks...

Sparkling new branding for The Worst Witch - the original magical boarding-school series!The third hilarious adventure in the magical Worst Witch series.'The cat is supposed to be on the broomstick, Mildred,' said Miss Hardbroom wearily.The new term spells disaster for Mildred Hubble, trainee witch at Miss Cackle's Academy for Witches. But she is determined to lose her embarrassing reputation as the worst witch the Academy has ever seen. But however hard she tries, things rapidly get out of hand!

Look up! From the Caldecott Medal-winning creator of the Hat trilogy comes a new deadpan gem. Turtle really likes standing in his favourite spot. He likes it so much that he asks his friend Armadillo to come over and stand in it, too.But now that Armadillo is standing in that spot, he has a bad feeling about it... A hilarious meditation on the workings of friendship, fate, shared futuristic visions, and that funny feeling you get that there's something off somewhere, but you just can't put your finger on it. Merging broad visual suspense with wry wit and existential silliness, celebrated picture-book creator Jon Klassen gives us a wholly original comedy for the ages.

Discover why we must protect Antarctica from climate change. Home to millions of penguins, ancient dinosaur fossils and huge blue whales, Antarctica is our last great wilderness. This fascinating picture book brings to life this extreme and exciting continent for young children, exploring its icy landscape and extraordinary wildlife.It also shows the incredible scientific research that happens there and therefore why it is so important that we act to protect this special part of the planet from climate change and plastic pollution.

A beautiful and sensitive exploration of grief, loss and hope from Karl James Mountford, in his much-awaited author-illustrator debut. One day, Fox is drawn to something in the forest - it's something small, something silent, perhaps forgotten. It's a bird, as still as can be.Fox is confused, upset and angry - is the bird broken? But then a little moth comes along. Kind and wise and comforting, Moth shares a gentle philosophy: the story of the circles in the sky. Told with huge sensitivity and style, this story of grief and hope feels like a folk tale for modern times.

Once teeming with plants and animals, our ocean is no longer in good shape. It's warming up and becoming a dumping ground for plastic rubbish. But it doesn't have to be that way! There are all sorts of clever things that we can do to make life in the ocean healthy again.

An official lift-the-flap box set for two of the most-watched shows on CBeebies!Featuring four fun lift-the-flap books, this gift set guides early learners to recognise numbers up to 100 and practise and develop their mathematic skills with the Numberblocks, and to recognise letters A to Z, use phonics skills to read and build words, and match words to pictures with the Alphablocks.