Solid State Electrochemistry I

The only comprehensive handbook on this important and rapidly developing topic combines fundamental information with a brief overview of recent advances in solid state electrochemistry, primarily targeting specialists working in this scientific field. Particular attention is focused on the most important developments performed during the last decade, methodological and theoretical aspects of solid state electrochemistry, as well as practical applications. The highly experienced editor has included chapters with critical reviews of theoretical approaches, experimental methods and modeling techniques, providing definitions and explaining relevant terminology as necessary. Several other chapters cover all the key groups of the ion-conducting solids important for practice, namely cationic, protonic, oxygen-anionic and mixed conductors, but also conducting polymer and hybrid materials. Finally, the whole is rounded off by brief surveys of advances in the fields of fuel cells, solid-state batteries, electrochemical sensors, and other applications of ion-conducting solids. Due to the very interdisciplinary nature of this topic, this is of great interest to material scientists, polymer chemists, physicists, and industrial scientists, too.

Vladislav Kharton is a principal investigator at the Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, University of Aveiro (Portugal). Having received his doctoral degree in physical chemistry from the Belarus State University in 1993, he has published over 260 scientifi c papers in international SCI journals, including 10 reviews, and coauthored over 40 papers in other refereed journals and volumes, 2 books and 2 patents. He is a topical editor of the Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, and member of the editorial boards of Materials Letters, The Open Electrochemistry Journal, The Open Condensed Matter Physics Journal, and Processing and Application of Ceramics. In 2004, he received the Portuguese Science Foundation prize for Scientific Excellence.

Preface
FUNDAMENTALS, APPLICATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY -
A SYNOPSIS
Solid vs. Liquid State
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Charge Carriers
Usefulness of Electrochemical Cells
Materials Research Strategies: Bulk Defect Chemistry
Materials Research Strategy: Boundary Defect Chemistry
Nanoionics
SUPERIONIC MATERIALS: STRUCTURAL ASPECTS
Techniques
Families of Superionic Conductors
Current Status and Future Prospects
DEFECT EQUILIBRIA IN SOLIDS AND RELATED PROPERTIES: AN INTRODUCTION
Defect Structure of Solids: Thermodynamic Approach
Basic Relationships between the Defect Equilibria and Charge Tranfer in Solids
Examples of Functional Materials with Different Defect Structures
ION-CONDUCTING NANOCRYSTALS: THEORY, METHODS AND APPLICATIONS
Theoretical Aspects
Applications and Perspectives
Experimental Methods
Review of the Current Experimental Data and their Agreement with Theory
Overview and Areas for Future Development
THE FUNDAMENTALS AND ADVANCES OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY: INTERCALATION (INSERTION) AND DEINTERCALATAION (EXTRACTION) IN SOLID STATE ELECTRODES
Thermodynamics of Intercalation and Deintercalation
Kinetics of Intercalation and Deintercalation
Methodological Overview
SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF ELECTROACTIVE MICRO- AND NANOPARTICLES IN A LIQUID ELECTROLYTE ENVIRONMENT
Methodological Aspects
Theory
Examples and Applications
ALKALI METAL CATION AND PROTON CONDUCTORS: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMPOSITION, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES
Principles of Classification and General Comments
Crystal-Chemistry Factors Affecting Cationic Conductivity
Crystal Structural Screening and Studies of the Conduction Paths
Conductors with Large Alkaline Ions
Lithium Ion Conductors
Proton Conductors
CONDUCTING SOLIDS: IN THE SEARCH FOR MULTIVALENT CATION TRANSPORT
Analysis of Trivalent Cation Transport
Search for Tetravalent Cation Conductors
OXYGEN ION-CONDUCTING MATERIALS
Oxygen Ionic Transport in Acceptor-Doped Oxide Phases: Relevant Trends
Stabilized Zirconia Electrolytes
Doped Ceria
Anion Conductors Based on Bi2O3
Transport Properties of Other Fluorite-Related Phases: Selected Examples
Perovskite-Type LnBO3 (B=Ga,, Al, In, Sc, Y) and their Derivatives
Perovskite-Related Mixed Conductors: A Short Overview
La2Mo2O9-Based Electrolytes
Solid Electrolytes with Apatite Structure
POLYMER AND HYBRID MATERIALS, THEIR ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND APPLICATIONS
Introduction
Fundamentals
Fluorinated Ionomer Membranes
Non-Fluorinated Ionomer Membranes
High Temperature PEMs
Conclusion
ELECTRONICALLY CONDUCTING POLYMERS
Solid Organic and Inorganic Electrochemically Active Materials for Galvanic Cells Operating at Moderate Temperatures
General Features of Doping-Induced Changes in Pi-Conjugated Polymers
HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS OF SOLID ELECTROLYTES: GAS ANALYSIS, PUMPING AND CONVERSION
Characteristics of a Current-Carrying Electrode on an Oxide Electrolyte
Operating Modes
Cell Materials
Cell Designs
Examples of Applications
ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS: FUNDAMENTALS, KEY MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS
Operation Principles
Materials Challenges
Applications