Collouds In Cosmetic And Personal Care - Colloids And Interface Science V 4

The first modern approach to relate fundamental research to the applied science of colloids, this series bridges academic research and industrial applications, thus providing the information vital to both. Written by the very best scientists in their respective disciplines, the five volumes are edited by an internationally recognized expert on this topic.
This volume describes the role of colloids in cosmetics and personal care, highlighting the importance of fundamental research in practical applications.
Of interest to electrochemists, physical and surface chemists, materials scientists, and physicists.

After finishing his PhD at Alexandria University, Tharwat Tadros was appointed lecturer in Physical Chemistry (1962-1966) at the same University. Between 1966 and 1969, he spent a sabbatical at the Agricultural University of Wageningen and T.N.O in Delft, the Netherlands. Thereafter he worked at I.C.I. and ZENECA until 1994, where he researched various fields of surfactants, emulsions, suspensions, microemulsions, wetting spreading and adhesion, and rheology. During that period he was also appointed visiting professor at Imperial College London, Bristol University and Reading University. In 1992, he was elected President of the International Association of Colloid and Interface Science. Since leaving ZENECA, Dr Tadros has worked as a consultant for various industries and also given several courses in his specialized field. He is the recipient of two medals from the Royal Society of Chemistry in the UK, and has more than 250 scientific papers to his name.

Preface.
List of Contributors.
1 Colloid Aspects of Cosmetic Formulations with Particular Reference to Polymeric Surfactants (Tharwat F. Tadros).
Abstract.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Interaction Forces and Their Combination.
1.3 Self-Assembly Structures in Cosmetic Formulations.
1.4 Structure of Liquid Crystalline Phases.
1.5 Driving Force for Formation of Liquid Crystalline Phases.
1.6 Polymeric Surfactants in Cosmetic Formulations.
1.7 Polymeric Surfactants for Stabilization of Nanoemulsions.
1.8 Polymeric Surfactants in Multiple Emulsions.
1.9 Polymeric Surfactants for Stabilization of Liposomes and Vesicles.
1.10 Conclusions.
References.
2 Formulation and Stabilization of Nanoemulsions Using Hydrophobically Modified Inulin (Polyfructose) Polymeric Surfactant (Tharwat F. Tadros, Martine Lemmens, Bart Levecke, and Karl Booten).
Abstract.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Materials.
2.3 Preparation of Nanoemulsions.
2.4 Determination of Droplet Diameter.
2.5 Steric Stabilization of Nanoemulsions and the Role of the Adsorbed Layer Thickness.
2.6 Ostwald Ripening.
2.7 Results and Discussion.
2.8 Conclusions.
References.
3 Integrating Polymeric Surfactants in Cosmetic Formulations for the Enhancement of Their Performance and Stability (Tharwat F. Tadros, Martine Lemmens, Bart Levecke, and Karl Booten)
Abstract.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Materials and Methods.
3.3 Results and Discussion.
3.4 Conclusions.
References.
4 Application of Colloid and Interface Science Principles for Optimization of Sunscreen Dispersions (Lorna M. Kessell, Benjamin J. Naden, Ian R. Tooley, and Tharwat F. Tadros)
Abstract.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Steric Stabilization.
4.3 Solubility Parameters.
4.4 Influence of the Adsorbed Layer Thickness on the Energy–Distance Curve.
4.5 Criteria for Effective Steric Stabilization and Influence of Other Ingredients in the Formulation.
4.6 Materials and Methods.
4.7 Results.
4.8 Discussion.
4.9 Conclusion.
References.
5 Use of Associative Thickeners as Rheology Modifiers for Surfactant Systems (Tharwat F. Tadros and Steven Housley).
Abstract.
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Surfactant Systems as Rheology Modifiers.
5.3 Associative Thickeners as Rheology Modifiers.
5.4 Materials and Methods.
5.5 Results.
5.6 Discussion.
5.7 Conclusion.
References.
6 Cosmetic Emulsions Based on Surfactant Liquid Crystalline Phases: Structure, Rheology and Sensory Evaluation (Tharwat F. Tadros, Sandra Léonard, Cornelis Verboom, Vincent Wortel, Marie-Claire Taelman, and Frederico Roschzttardtz).
Abstract.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Structure of Liquid Crystalline Phases.
6.3 Driving Force for the Formation of Liquid Crystalline Phases.
6.4 Formulation of Liquid Crystalline Phases.
6.5 Emulsion Stabilization Using Lamellar Liquid Crystals.
6.6 Materials and Methods.
6.7 Results and Discussion.
6.8 Conclusion.
References.
7 Personal Care Emulsions Based on Surfactant–Biopolymer Mixtures: Correlation of Rheological Parameters with Sensory Attributes (Tharwat F. Tadros, Sandra Léonard, Cornelis Verboom, Vincent Wortel, Marie-Claire Taelman, and Frederico Roschzttardtz).
Abstract.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Materials and Methods.
7.3 Results.
7.4 Discussion.
7.5 Conclusions.
References.
8 Correlation of "Body Butter" Texture and Structure of Cosmetic Emulsions with Their Rheological Characteristics (Tharwat F. Tadros, Sandra Léonard, Cornelis Verboom, Vincent Wortel, Marie-Claire Taelman, and Frederico Roschzttardtz).
Abstract.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Experimental.
8.3 Results and Discussion.
8.4 Conclusion.
References.
9 Interparticle Interactions in Color Cosmetics (Lorna M. Kessell and Tharwat F. Tadros).
Abstract.
9.1 Introduction.
9.2 Fundamental Principles of Preparation of Pigment Dispersions.
9.3 Assessment of Wettability.
9.4 Dispersing Agents.
9.5 Stabilization.
9.6 Surface–Anchor Interactions.
9.7 Optimizing Steric Potential.
9.8 Classes of Dispersing Agents.
9.9 Assessment of Dispersants.
9.10 Application of the Above Fundamental Principles to Color Cosmetics.
9.11 Principles of Preparation of Color Cosmetics.
9.12 Conclusions.
References.
10 Starch-Based Dispersions (Ignác Capek)
Abstract.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 Starch-Based Nanomaterials.
10.3 Dispersions.
10.4 Nanocomposites, Blends and Their Properties.
10.5 Biodegradability.
10.6 Starch–Additive Complexes.
10.7 Conclusions.
References.
11 In Vivo Skin Performance of a Cationic Emulsion Base in Comparison with an Anionic System (Slobodanka Tamburic).
Abstract.
11.1 Introduction.
11.2 Materials and Methods.
11.3 Results and Discussion.
11.4 Conclusion.
References.
12 The Impact of Urea on the Colloidal Structure of Alkylpolyglucoside-Based Emulsions: Physicochemical and In Vitro/In Vivo Characterization (Snezana Savic, Slobodanka Tamburic, Biljana Jancic, Jela Milic, and Gordana Vuleta)
Abstract.
12.1 Introduction.
12.2 Experimental.
12.3 Results and Discussion.
12.4 Conclusion.
References.
13 Models for the Calculation of Sun Protection Factors and Parameters Characterizing the UVA Protection Ability of Cosmetic Sunscreens (Bernd Herzog).
Abstract.
13.1 Introduction.
13.2 Basic Principle.
13.3 Calculation of the Overall UV Spectrum of a Sunscreen Agent.
13.4 Models for Film Irregularities.
13.5 Taking Photoinstabilities into Consideration.
13.6 Consideration of the Distribution of the UV Extinction in the Water and the Oil Phases of the Formulation.
13.7 Calculation of UVA Parameters.
13.8 Correlations.
13.9 Conclusion.
References.
Index.