What Is Meaning? - Fundamentals Of Formal Semantics

1. The Fundamental Question.

What is a Meaning?.

Meanings are Out in the World.

We Should Think of the Meaning of Sentences in Terms of Truth-Conditions.

2. Putting a Meaning Together from Pieces.

Names Refer.

Incomplete Propositions.

Predication is Saturation.

Compositionality.

Syntax and Semantics.

3. More about Predicates.

Other types of Predicates: Adjectives, Predicate Nominals.

Transitive Verbs.

Relative Clauses.

Topicalization.

Sub-atomic Semantics.

Modeling Properties with Sets and Functions.

4. Modifiers.

Adjective + N Combination.

More Issues with Adjectives.

Relative Clauses as Modifiers.

Adverbs.

The Form of Meanings and Their World-Describing Content.

5. Complexities of Referring Expressions.

Definite NPs.

Some Subtleties.

A Bit about Indefinite NPs.

Theories of reference.

Plurals and Mass Terms.

Kinds.

Pronouns and Anaphora.

6. Quantifiers.

Generalized Quantifiers: Predicates of Predicates, or Sets of Sets.

NP Conjunction.

Negative Polarity Items.

Quantifiers in Object Position.

7. Extensional vs. Intensional Contexts.

8. Tense, Aspect, and Modality.

Tense.

Aspect.

Modality.

9. Propositional Attitudes.

A possible Worlds Semantics for Belief and Desire.

Logical Consequences of the Modal Analysis of Propositional Attitude Verbs.

Two Foundational Problems: Coreferential Terms and Logical Truths.

Structure and Meaning.

Or, Have We Reached the Limits of Semantics?.

10. The Pragmatics of What’s Given.

Indexicality and Deixis.

Presupposition.

Speech Acts.

Focus and Topic.

11. The Pragmatics of Inference.

Properties of Implicature.

12. Formal Semantics Today.

Diversity within Formal Semantics.

Relationships with Other Varieties of Semantics.

Relationships with Other Fields.

Appendix: Answers to Selected Exercises.

References.

Index.