Targeted Cancer Immune Therapy

The principal of cancer immune therapy remains to be the stimulation of the immune system to control and destroy tumors, but the scope is expanded in steady and fast pace, the approach is modernized every few years, new molecules are revealed annually, and the understanding of the mechanisms is getting deeper and deeper. Targeted Cancer Immune Therapy covers cytokine immune therapy, cell-based immune therapy, and targeted immune therapy. In each of these three sections, only the novel aspects of immune therapy were selectively described instead of attempting to cover any historical achievement. In the first section, Cytokine Immune Therapy, the IL12 family, IL18, IL21, IL24, IL28, and IL29 were heavily discussed in regard to the anti-tumor function and application in treating tumors. In the second section, Cell-based Immune Therapy, the focus was given to engineering potent immune regulatory or effector cells such as dendritic cells, T cells, and stem cells. The cell engineering design is primarily based on the increased understanding of the interaction of tumor antigen presenting cells, antigen specific effector cells, and the tumor microenvironment. In the third section, Targeted Immune Therapy, the focus was given on rearticulating the antibody therapy for boosting immune response, which includes immunocytokines, "T-body," and tumor targeted CpG ODN. Immunocytokines represent a new class of biopharmaceuticals composed of two well known immune components - antibodies and cytokines - with the unique ability to target cytokines to the tumor microenvironment and thereby activate antitumor responses. Some or all of these innovative approaches may ultimately become the future effective immune therapy for treating malignancy.