With a distinguished international panel of contributors working at the leading edge of academia, this volume presents a comprehensive guide to the field, with state of the art introductions to the wide range of topics in modern healthcare ethics, from consent to human rights, from utilitarianism to feminism, from the doctor-patient relationship to xenotransplantation.

This volume is the Second Edition of the highly successful work edited by Professor Raanan Gillon, Emeritus Professor of Medical Ethics at Imperial College London and former editor of the Journal of Medical Ethics, the leading journal in this field.

Developments from the First Edition include:  The focus on ‘Four Principles Method’ is relaxed to cover more different methods in health care ethics. More material on new medical technologies is included, the coverage of issues on the doctor/patient relationship is expanded, and material on ethics and public health is brought together into a new section.

Angus Dawson, Director, Centre for Professional Ethics, University of Keele, UK.

Heather Draper, Senior Lecturer in Healthcare Ethics, University of Birmingham, UK.

John McMillan, Senior Lecturer in Medical Ethics, Hull-York Medical School, UK.

Foreword by Raanan E. Gillon – Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London

Foreword by Tony Hope - Professor of Medical Ethics, University of Oxford

Preface

Part I: Methodology and Perspectives

Introduction

John R. McMillan

1 The ‘Four Principles’ Approach to Health Care Ethics

Tom L. Beauchamp

2 Theories of Autonomy

Natalie Stoljar

3 Beneficence

Garrett Cullity

4 Responsibilities for Poverty-Related Ill Health

Thomas W. Pogge

5 Liberalism and Communitarianism

Colin Tyler

6 How Many Principles for Bioethics?

Robert M. Veatch

7 Casuistical Reasoning in Medical Ethics

Albert R. Jonsen

8 Utilitarianism and Bioethics

Matti Häyry

9 Deontology

David A. McNaughton and J. Piers Rawling

10 Kantian Ethics

Onora O'Neill

11 Feminist Approaches to Health Care Ethics

Susan Sherwin

12 Virtue Theory

Justin Oakley

13 Moral Relativism

Mark Sheehan

14 Christian Approaches to Bioethics

Heather Widdows

15 Judaism and Medicine: Jewish Medical Ethics

Fred Rosner

16 The Search for Islamic Bioethics Principles

Abdulaziz Sachedina

17 Buddhist Bioethics

James Hughes

18 South Asian Approaches to Health Care Ethics

Harold Coward

19 The Specious Idea of an Asian Bioethics:

Beyond Dichotomizing East and West

Jing-Bao Nie

20 Narrative Ethics

Howard Brody

21 Empirical Approaches to Health Care Ethics

Jeremy Sugarman, Robert A. Pearlman and Holly A. Taylor

22 Medical Sociology and the Redundancy of Empirical Ethics

Adam Hedgecoe

23 The Use of Thought Experiments in Health Care Ethics

Adrian Walsh

24 Deliberative Bioethics

Michael Parker

25 Law, Ethics and Health Care

Sheila A.M. McLean

26 Medical Humanities: An Overview

Martyn Evans

27 Reflective Equilibrium as a Method in Health Care Ethics

Theo van Willigenburg

28 Hermeneutic Ethics between Practice and Theory

Guy A.M. Widdershoven and Tineke A. Abma

29 Paternalism in Health Care and Health Policy

James F. Childress

30 Need: An Instrumental View

Anthony J. Culyer

31 Rights

James G.S. Wilson

32 Exploitation in Health Care

Alan Wertheimer

33 Competence to Consent

Monique F. Jonas

34 The Doctrine of Double Effect

Suzanne Uniacke

35 Ordinary and Extraordinary Means

Stephen D. John

36 Acts and Omissions

Tuija Takala

37 Personhood and Moral Status

Ainsley J. Newson

38 Commodification

Stephen Wilkinson

Part II: Issues in Health Care Practice

Introduction

Heather Draper

39 Consent and Informed Consent

Neil C. Manson

40 Treatment Decisions for Incapacitated Patients

Rebecca S. Dresser

41 Children's Consent to Medical Treatment

David W. Archard

42 Patients and Disclosure of Surgical Risk

Justin Oakley

43 Confidentiality

Rebecca Bennett

44 Truth-telling, Lying and the Doctor–Patient Relationship

Roger Higgs

45 Personal Beliefs and Patient Care

Jennifer Jackson

46 Conscience and Health Care Ethics

Piers Benn

47 Care in Families

Hilde Lindemann

48 The Ethics of Primary Health Care

Annettee J. Braunack-Mayer

49 The Nurse–Patient Relationship: A ‘Principles plus Care’ Account

Steven D. Edwards

50 Dual Responsibilities: Do They Raise Any Different Ethical Issues

than "Normal" Therapeutic Relationships?

Ann Sommerville and Veronica English

51 Violent and Abusive Patients: An Ethically Informed Response

Graham M. Behr, J.S. Emmanuel and J. P. Ruddock

52 The Moral Significance of the Human Foetus

Norman Ford

53 Will We Need Abortion in Utopia?

Adrienne Asch

54 Maternal–Foetal Conflict

Rosamund Scott

55 Limits to Reproductive Liberty

Thomas H. Murray

56 Disability without Denial

Tom Sorell

57 Disability and Equality: Should Difference Be Welcomed?

Tom Shakespeare

58 Genetic Counselling

Angus Clarke

59 Ethics and Psychotherapy: An Issue of Trust

Tim Bond

60 Mental Illness and Compulsory Treatment

John R. McMillan

61 Personality Disorders and Compulsory Detention

Matt Matravers

62 Labia Mea, Domine: Media, Morality and Eating Disorders

Simona Giordano

63 Intellectual Disability

Pekka Louhiala

64 Ethical Issues and Health Care for Older People

Julian C. Hughes

65 Organs and Tissues for Transplantation and Research

David P.T. Price

66 Living Donor Organ Transplantation

Timothy M. Wilkinson

67 Euthanasia and Principled Health Care Ethics: From Conflict

to Compromise?

Richard Huxtable

68 Understanding and Misunderstanding Death

David Lamb

69 Ethics without Boundaries: Medical Tourism

Guido Pennings

70 Ethics of Performance Enhancement in Sport: Drugs and Gene Doping

Bennett Foddy and Julian Savulescu

71 Training Good Professionals: Ethics and Health Care Education

Nafsika Athanassoulis

72 Ethics Consultations and Ethics Committees

Anne Slowther

Part III: Medicine in Society

Introduction

Angus Dawson

73 The Concepts of Health and Illness

Lennart Y. Nordenfelt

74 Community in Public Health Ethics

Bruce Jennings

75 Health Promotion, Society and Health Care Ethics

Alan Cribb

76 Preventing Disease

Marcel Verweij

77 Quantitative Methods for Priority-Setting in Health: Ethical Issues

Daniel Wikler, Dan W. Brock, Sarah Marchand, and Tessa Tan Torres

78 Economics, Political Philosophy and Ethics: The Role of Public

Preferences in Health Care Decision Making

Jeff Richardson and John McKie

79 Decision Analysis: the Ethical Approach to Most Health Decision Making

Jack Dowie

80 Health Inequities and the Social Determinants of Health

Wendy Rogers

81 Organizational Ethics in Health Care

Jacob E. Kurlander and Marion Danis

82 Ethical Issues in Epidemiology

Steven S. Coughlin

83 Screening: Ethical Aspects

Niklas Juth and Christian Munthe

84 Vaccination Ethics

Angus Dawson

85 The Patient as Victim and Vector: Bioethics and the Challenge

of Infectious Disease

Margaret P. Battin, Linda S. Carr-Lee, Leslie P. Francis,

Jay A. Jacobson, and Charles B. Smith

86 Bioterrorism, Society and Health Care Ethics

Michael J. Selgelid

87 Drug Addiction, Society and Ethics

Wayne Hall and Adrian Carter

88 Smoking: Is Acceptance of the Risks Fully Voluntary?

Robert E. Goodin

89 Doctors and Human Rights

Doris Schroeder

90 Duties to Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Host Countries’

Medical Systems

Pascale Allotey, Hilary Pickles and Vanessa Johnston

91 Medical Aid in Disaster Relief

Søren Holm

Part IV: Research Ethics and Ethics of New Technologies

Introduction

Richard E. Ashcroft

92 The Ethics and Governance of Medical Research

Richard E. Ashcroft

93 The Ethics of Animal Research

David DeGrazia

94 The Ethical Requirement for Systematic Reviews for Randomized Trials

Mike Clarke

95 Informed Consent for Research

James Flory, David Wendler and Ezekiel Emanuel

96 Evaluating Benefits and Harms in Clinical Research

Paul B. Miller and Charles Weijer

97 Patients’ Obligations?

Simon Woods

98 Standard of Care Owed to Participants in Clinical Trials: Different

Standards in Different Countries?

Reidar K. Lie

99 Justice and Priority Setting in International Health Care Research

Solomon R. Benatar

100 Obligations of the Pharmaceutical Industry

Udo Schuklenk and Jim Gallagher

101 Ethics and Medical Publishing

Richard Smith and Iain Chalmers

102 Human Reproductive Cloning

D. Gareth Jones and Kerry A. Galvin

103 Obtaining Human Eggs for Stem Cell Research: Ethical Issues

Heather Draper

104 The Ethics of Xenotransplantation

Jonathan Hughes

105 Pharmacogenomics

Ruth Chadwick

106 Ethical Issues in Human Gene Transfer: A Historical Overview

Eric T. Juengst and Hannah Grankvist

107 The Ethics of Ageing, Genetics and Immortality

Daniela Cutaş and John Harris

108 Ethical Issues of Enhancement Technologies

Ruud H.J. ter Meulen, Lisbeth Nielsen and Laurens Landeweerd

109 Psychosurgery and Neuroimplantation: Changing What is Deep

Within a Person

Grant Gillett

110 Resisting Addiction: Novel Application of Vaccines

Andreas Hasman

Index