Modern Protective Structures

In today's world, reasonably predictable military operations have been replaced by low intensity conflicts-less predictable terrorist activities carried out by determined individuals or small groups that possess a wide range of backgrounds and capabilities. Because of the threats posed by this evolving type of warfare, civil engineers and emergency personnel face new challenges in designing facilities to protect lives and property and in conducting effective rescue operations and forensic investigations. Addressing these needs, Modern Protective Structures develops realistic guidelines for the analysis, design, assessment, retrofit, and research of protected facilities.After introducing a comprehensive risk management approach, the author provides a general background on explosive devices and their capabilities as well as explosive effects and the processes that generate them. He then discusses the effects of conventional and nuclear explosions. The book subsequently considers the significant design differences between conventional and nuclear loads and between existing design procedures and state-of-the-art information from recent research. It also summarizes existing blast-resistant design approaches and describes the dynamic responses of structural systems to blasts, shocks, and impacts. Additional coverage includes the behavior of specific structural connections, the traditional concept of P-I diagrams, and progressive collapse. The book concludes with a systematic and balanced protective design approach.Tackling the analytical, design, assessment, and hazard mitigation issues associated with short-duration dynamic loads, this book examines how impulsive loads affect various types of buildings and facilities. It provides the necessary material to help ensure the safety of persons, assets, and projects.

INTRODUCTIONGeneral BackgroundProtective Planning and Design PhilosophyProtection Methodology, Threat, and Risk AssessmentFrom Threat and Hazard Environment to Load DefinitionTechnical Resources and Blast Mitigation CapabilitiesAnalysis Requirements and CapabilitiesProtective Technology: Current State and Future NeedsSummaryEXPLOSIVE DEVICES AND EXPLOSIONSIntroductionCharacteristics of Explosive Processes, Devices, and EnvironmentsExplosives, Explosions, Effects, and Their MitigationCONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENTSIntroductionAirblastPenetrationHE-Induced Ground Shock, Cratering, and EjectaCratering, Ejecta, and Ground Shock from Nuclear DevicesFragmentation Fire, Chemical, Bacteriological, and Radiological EnvironmentsCONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR LOADS ON STRUCTURES Conventional Loads on StructuresNuclear Loads on StructuresStep-by-Step Procedures for Deriving Blast Design LoadsBEHAVIORS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IntroductionGovernment and Non-Government Manuals and CriteriaDistances from Explosion and Dynamic LoadsMaterial Properties of Steel and ConcreteFlexural ResistanceShear Resistance Tensile and Compressive MembersPrincipal Reinforcement Cylinders, Arches, and DomesShear Walls FramesNatural Periods of Vibration Advanced Considerations Application to Structural DesignPractical Damage and Response LimitsDYNAMIC RESPONSE AND ANALYSIS IntroductionSimple Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) AnalysisMulti Degree of Freedom (MDOF) SystemsContinuous Systems Intermediate and Advanced Computational ApproachesValidation Requirements for Computational CapabilitiesPractical Computation Support for Protective Analysis and Design ActivitiesCONNECTIONS, OPENINGS, INTERFACES, AND INTERNAL SHOCKConnectionsOpenings and InterfacesInternal Shock and Its Isolation Internal PressurePRESSURE-IMPULSE DIAGRAMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONSIntroductionBackgroundCharacteristics of P-I DiagramsAnalytical Solutions of P-I DiagramsNumerical Approach to P-I CurvesDynamic Analysis ApproachDynamic Structural ModelApplication Examples for SDOF and P-I Computational ApproachesPROGRESSIVE COLLAPSEIntroductionBackgroundProgressive Collapses of Different Types of StructuresDepartment of Defense and General Services Administration GuidelinesAdvanced Frame Structure AnalysisSummaryA COMPREHENSIVE PROTECTIVE DESIGN APPROACHIntroductionBackgroundProtection Approaches and Measures Planning and Design AssumptionsSiting, Architectural, and Functional ConsiderationsLoad Considerations Structural Behavior and Performance Structural System BehaviorStructural System and Component SelectionMulti-Hazard Protective DesignOther Safety ConsiderationsDevelopment and Implementation of Effective Protective TechnologySummaryREFERENCESINDEX