Karst in China：A World of Distinctive（簡體書）

KarstinChinaisofgreatsocialsignificance.Notonlyisitcloselyinvolvedinmanyaspectsofpeople'sdailylifeandnationaleconomicconstructionprojectssuchaswaterconservation，hydropower，railways，expressways，seaports，airports，minesandmunicipalandurban
constructionetc，butitisalsointimatelyinteractivewithagriculture，eco-systemsandthegeo-environment.KarstinChina：AWorldofImprobablePeaksandWonderfulCavesisaremarkablescientificmonograph.Withahostofphotosandfiguresaswellasvividwriting，
itrevealsthefeaturesandrulesofkarstdevelopmentinChina，reflectsuponconstructionachievements，andsummarizesalifetime'sexperienceofgeologicalstudiesinthesegreatkarstlands.．

《中國的喀斯特:奇峰異洞的世界》由高等教育出版社出版。

TheIntroductiontotheBasicKarstFeaturesandtheHistoryofKarstResearchinChina
ⅠBasicfactorsandconditionsofkarstdevelopment
（Ⅰ）Lithologiccharacterofsolublerocks
（Ⅱ）Dissolutioncapacityofwater
ⅡMajorfactorsthataffectkarstdevelopment
（Ⅰ）Theeffectofgeologicalstructuresonkarstdevelopment
（Ⅱ）Theeffectofclimaticfactorsonkarstdevelopment
ⅢCharacteristicsofthekarstgeo-environment
（Ⅰ）Resources
（Ⅱ）Hazards
ⅣAbriefhistoryofkarstinvestigation,researchanddevelopmentinChina
（Ⅰ）ThehistoryofkarstresearchinChina
（Ⅱ）ProgressinkarstsurveyandresearchsincethefoundingofthePeople‘sRepublicofChina
（Ⅲ）Thedirectionofkarstresearchinthefuture

PartⅠKarstTypesandDevelopmentConditions
ⅠCarbonateRockKarst（bareandsemibare）CRK
（Ⅰ）GeneralCorrosion（HolokarstKarstType（K）
（Ⅱ）PartlyCorrosional（SpecialStructural）MerokarstType（KS）
（Ⅲ）HydrothermalRuggedKarstType（MK）
（Ⅳ）Corrosion-GlaciationKarstTypes（KI）
（Ⅴ）Corrosion-DenudationKarstType（KD）
（Ⅵ）Corrosion-ErosionKarstType（KE）
（Ⅶ）Corrosion-AbrasionKarstType（KA）
ⅡBuriedCarbonateKarst（CKandBK）
ⅢSulphateKarst（SRK）
ⅣHalideRockKarst（HRA）
ⅤHomologousKarst（PK）

PartⅡKarstCavesandTheirProcessesofDevelopment
ⅠFamouskarstcaves
（Ⅰ）LudiYanCave,Guangxi
（Ⅱ）YaoLinCave,Zhejiang
（Ⅲ）YuhuaCave,Fujian
（Ⅳ）ShihuaCave,Beijing
ⅡThemostbeautifulcaves
（Ⅰ）ZhijinCave,Guizhou
（Ⅱ）FurongCave,Chongqing
（Ⅲ）HuanglongCave,Hunan
（Ⅳ）TenglongCave,Hubei
（Ⅴ）XueyuCave,Chongqing
（Ⅵ）ShuidongCave,Benxi,Liaoning
ⅢDistinctivecaves
（Ⅰ）Thelongestcavesystem-ShuangheCaveinGuizhou
（Ⅱ）Thedeepestcavesystem
（Ⅲ）‘HotCave’system
（Ⅳ）Summericecavesystem
ⅣThecharacteristicsofwaterflowincavesandrelatedmorphology
（Ⅰ）Subsurfacestreams
（Ⅱ）Undergroundrivers
（Ⅲ）Undergroundwaterfall（Darkwaterfall）
（Ⅳ）Undergroundlakesandpools
ⅤThemechanismofmixed（three-phase）flowantheformsthattheycreateincaves
（Ⅰ）Mechanicalcharacteristicsofgas-phaseflow
（Ⅱ）Three-phaseflowevolutioninacaveroof
（Ⅲ）Lateralerosionincaves
（Ⅳ）Rooferosionincaves
（Ⅴ）Erosionandcorrosiononthebottomsofcavepassages
ⅥSomedistinctivedepositsincaves
（Ⅰ）Depositsincoldconditions
（Ⅱ）Sedimentationinhydrothermalwater
（Ⅲ）Biologicalsedimentaryactivityincaves
（Ⅳ）Depositionbymixedreactionsincaves
ⅦFlowingwatertravertine（speleothem）depositicinnormaltemperatures
（Ⅰ）Depositsofseepagewater
（Ⅱ）Depositsoftubularwaterflow
（Ⅲ）Depositsoffissurewaterfiow
（Ⅳ）Depositsofschistosewaterflow
（Ⅴ）Depositsoffloorflow
（Ⅵ）Depositsofcapillarywaterflow
（Ⅶ）Depositsofsplashingwaterflow
ⅡMicrostructureofsolublerocks
（Ⅰ）Ultrastructureofgypsum
（Ⅱ）Microstructureofgypsum
（Ⅲ）Ultrastructureofcarbonaterocks
（Ⅳ）Microstructureofcarbonaterocks
ⅢCorrosion,corrosionalgroovesandothermarkingsonrockfaces
（Ⅰ）Corrodedgroovesandmarkingsbywatererosion
（Ⅱ）Biologicalcorrosionforms
（Ⅲ）Corrosionbyflowingwater
ⅣPhenomenaoffocusedcorrosion
（Ⅰ）Corrosionalbeddingplanes
（Ⅱ）Corrodedfissures（fractures）
（Ⅲ）Corrodedfaults
（Ⅳ）Karrencleftpatterns
（Ⅴ）Corrosionalteethandpillars（pinnaclekarst）
ⅤProcessesofkarstgeomorphicdevelopment
（Ⅰ）Concavekarstforms
（Ⅱ）Karstfunnelsandshafts
（Ⅲ）Karstdepressions
（Ⅳ）Karsthillsandmounts-corrosionalhills
（Ⅴ）Karstpeaks-corrodedpeaks
（Ⅵ）Residualridgesandrockbenches
ⅥProcessesofcavedevelopment
（Ⅰ）Corrodedpitsandpores
（Ⅱ）Geodes-crystal-linedporesandcavities
……

PartⅢTheProcessesofKarstDevelopment．

Ⅵ Hydropower Development
(Ⅰ)Introduction of large-scale hydropower stationsWestern China is endowed with rich water resources.A number ohydropower stations have been constructed on the main channel ofthe Yangtze River and its tributaries(including the Qingjiang River,the Wujiang River,the Minjiang River and the Jinshajiang River),onthe upper reaches of the Pearl River(including the Hongshui River,the Nanpan River and Beipan River)as well as on the LantsangRiver etc.Some dams have been constructed in karst areas andothers in areas that include extensive carbonate rocks.For instance,anumber of hydropower stations have been constructed in karst areason the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River.
The Guanting Dam was the first one constructed in the karstifiedareas of Hebei,North China.The height of the dam was only45m and the volume of storage,20x108m3.Immediately after itsconstruction in 1955 leakage and collapses occurred.Survey andresearch found three leakage channels which had to be dealt withproperly so as to guarantee the safety of the dam.The experiencewith the Guangting Dam helped improve subsequent constructionof hydropower stations in other karst regions.The WujiangduReservoir was constructed in the early 1980s in Guizhou,southwestChina.The dam reached I65m in height and the installed capacity was630xI0~KW.Based on thorough pre-construction survey,a series ofmeasures including high pressure grouting were adopted.Thanks tothese effective measures,no leakage or collapses ever occurred.Later,the installed capacity was increased to almost one million KW.
Based on the successful experience with the Wujiangdu Damon the Wujiang River,recent years have seen a series of cascadedevelopments of hydropower along a given river,for instance,theHongjiadu Reservoir and Suofengying Reservoir on the upperreaches of the Wujiang,the Geheyan Dam and Shuibuya Dam onthe Qingjiang River,as well as the Wanjiangzhai Dam on the upperreaches of the Yellow River.
There were originally two potential dam sites for the constructionof the Three Gorges water conservancy project.One was theSandouping dam area on igneous rocks,and the other theNanjinguan dana area on carbonate rocks(Lu Yaoru,1959c-e).Basedon years of survey,the final choice went to the Sandouping siteeven though there were extensive outcrops of carbonate rocks in itsreservoir area.Currently,the installed capacity for the Three Gorgesproject can reach 1820x104KW.