機車車體靜強度試驗規範(TB/T 2541-2010)（簡體書）

This standard specifies the test facility and environment of locomotive car body strength test，test details，measuring point arrangement，test equipment and instruments，test methods as well as stress calculation，deflection measurement，evaluation of static strength and stiffness，test report and so on.
This standard applies to test and evaluation of static strength and stiffness of general purpose locomotive car body used for standard gauge railway.For locomotives of other purposes，this standard may be followed.

Fo reword
1 Scope
2 Normative References
3 Terms and Definitions
4 Test Facility and Environment
5 Car Body to be Tested

6 Test Details
6．1 Vertical Load Test
6．2 Longitudinal Compressive Load Test
6．3 Longitudinal Tensile Load Test
6．4 Torsional Load Test
6．5 Rescue Strength Test (Single End Hoisting)
6．6 Cab Safety Strength Test
6．7 Strength Test of Driver's Cab Anti-collision Structure
6．8 Cowcatcher Strength Test

7 Measuring Point Arrangement
8 Test Facilities and Instruments

9 Strain Gauge and Its Sticking and Connecting
9．1 Requirements for Measurement Gauges
9．2 Requirements for Temperature Compensation Plates
9．3 Requirements for Strain Gauge Sticking
9．4 Requirements for the Connecting Wire of Strain Gauge
9．5 Moisture Proof of Strain Gauge

10 Test Methods
10．1 Supporting of Car Body
10．2 Loadingin Test

11 Stress Calculation

12 Deflection Measurement
12．1 Deflection Measurement Method
12．2 Arrangement of Deflection Measuring Points
12．3 Processing of Deflection Measurement Results
13 Strength and Stiffness Evaluation
14 Test Report and Test Data
Bibliography

《機車車體靜強度試驗規范（TB/T 2541-2010）（英文版）》：
6.6.4 When the lower part of the front window is under such a uniformly distributed force,the thrust reaction point of the tested car body shall be on the coupler at the other end of the car body.
6.6.5 Measure and record the strain value at each stress measuring point and the displacement value at each deflection measuring point.
6.7 Strength Test of Driver's Cab Anti-collision Structure
6.7.1 The locomotive car body equipped with a driver's cab anti-collision structure shall be subject to this test.
6.7.2 Place and support the tested car body on supporting points,and apply a load 1.0 time of the car body weight to the car body.
6.7.3 Apply a 300 kN force to the anti-collision structure (or according to the design requirement and the calculated value of design) ,and make the force distributed uniformly.
6.7.4 When the anti-collision structure is under such a uniformly distributed force, the thrust reaction point of the tested car body shall be on the coupler at the other end of the car body.
6.7.5 Measure and record the strain value at each stress measuring point and the displacement value at each deflection measuring point.
6.8 Cowcatcher Strength Test
6.8.1 Install a cowcatcher on the tested car body,and the height of the cowcatcher shall be in conformity with the installation requirement.
6.8.2 Place and support the tested car body on supporting points,and apply a load 1.0 time of the car body weight to the car body.
6.8.3 According to GB/T13144-2006 and GB/T3317-2006,apply a 140 kN force on the central lower part of the cowcatcher.
6.8.4 When the lower part of the cowcatcher is under this force,the thrust reaction point of the tested car body shall be on the coupler at the other end of the car body.
6.8.5 Measure and record the strain value at each stress measuring point and the displacement value at each deflection measuring point.
7 Measuring Point Arrangement
7.1 The stress measuring points shall be laid on the main load-bearing components,large stress positions,dangerous sections,transitional sections and positions with concentrated stress according to the car body design,actual load condition the calculation result of the strength simulation. The accurate location of the measuring points shall be indicated in the measuring point layout.
7.2 For measuring points whose primary stress direction is known,uniaxial strain gauges shall be laid along the primary stress direction.
7.3 For measuring points whose primary stress direction is unknown,triaxial strain gauges shall be laid.
7.4 Strain gauges at each stress measuring point shall be numbered.
7.5 In general,deflection measuring points shall be set at the front-rear symmetrical positions on the side beams on both sides of the car body,and one deflection measuring point shall be set at the center(this point and the longitudinal axis center of the locomotive are usually on the same section) of the side beams on both sides.
7.6 Deflection measuring points shall be numbered,and the numbering shall be obviously different from that of the strain gauges.
8 Test Facilities and Instruments
8.1 The strain shall be measured with strain gauges and strain gauges,and the deflection shall be measured with displacement meters or dial indicators.
8.2 All the test facilites and measurement instruments shall be proved qualified by calibration and shall still be within its valid period.
8.3 The accuracy of the loading device for longitudinal compressive/tensile tests shall not be lower than Grade 1.0. The longitudinal load can be monitored with a dynamometer rod that is made by sticking a strain gauge to a loading rod. The dynamometer rod shall be verified by a metrological institute qualified for instrumentation verification.
8.4 The error of any vertical load imposed by poises or weights shall not be more than ±1% when the load value is greater than or equal to 10 kN,and shall not exceed 100 N when the load value is lower than 10 kN. When an oil pressure device is used for loading,the accuracy of the pressure gauge shall not be lower than Grade 1.0.
8.5 The accuracy of displacement meters and dial indicators shall not be lower than Grade 1.0; the intrinsic error of strain gauges shall not be higher than 1%.
8.6 The zero shift of the measurement system shall not be higher than 5 με per 4 h,and the total zero shift after one loading shall not be higher than 15 με.
8.7 The strain measurement system shall be able to supply power for each stress measuring point separately,and be able to perform parallel correction.
8.8 Other equipment and instruments shall comply with the requirements of their corresponding accuracy and application scope.
9 Strain Gauge and Its Sticking and Connecting
9.1 Requirements for Measurement Gauges
Measurement gauges shall be Grade A strain gauge.
9.2 Requirements for Temperature Compensation Plates
The temperature compensation plates and measurement gauges must be the same.The temperature compensation plates shall not be put under the action of external force,and the material
quality of the metal foil used to stick the compensation plate shall be the same as that of the component of the car body to which the measurement gauge is stuck.The measurement gauge, compensation plate,and the connecting wire must be under the same ambient temperature.
9.3 Requirements for Strain Gauge Sticking
9.3.1 Before sticking the strain gauge,remove the scale,paint,oil stain and other attachments from the surface to be measured. Polish the surface to which the strain gauge will be stuck with grinding wheel and sandpaper to make it smooth and clean with the value of surface roughness being MRR Ra 3. 2 μm,and then polish it with crocus cloth to make lines intersected with the longitudinal direction of the foil to be stuck at a 45° angle,and make a mark on the surface to indicate the correct positions for the strain gauge to be stuck at.
9.3.2 Clean the polished surface with cleaning agent (such as alcohol,acetone,etc. ) ,and then apply a thin and uniform layer of adhesive on the strain gauge before sticking the strain gauge to the surface at the marked position. The lead wire of the strain gauge shall not be stuck.
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