Multilevel Analysis ― Techniques and Applications

Applauded for its clarity, this accessible introduction helps readers apply multilevel techniques to their research. The book also includes advanced extensions, making it useful as both an introduction for students and as a reference for researchers. Basic models and examples are discussed in non-technical terms with an emphasis on understanding the methodological and statistical issues involved in using these models. The estimation and interpretation of multilevel models is demonstrated using realistic examples from various disciplines including psychology, education, public health, and sociology. Readers are introduced to a general framework on multilevel modeling which covers both observed and latent variables in the same model, while most other books focus on observed variables. In addition, Bayesian estimation is introduced and applied using accessible software.

Joop J. Hox is emeritus Professor of Social Science Methodology at Utrecht University, the Netherlands.

Rens van de Schoot is an associate professor of Bayesian statistics at Utrecht University, the Netherlands, and extra-ordinary professor at the North-West University, South-Africa.

Mirjam Moerbeek is associate professor of statistics for the social sciences at Utrecht University, the Netherlands.