A Monograph on Whiteflies

In all, 1550 species of whiteflies have been identified. The rapid spread of Bemisia tabaci has occurred throughout the globe and are regarded as the most notorious species. It is complex species known to contain biotypes namely, New World (Biotype -A), B- biotype MEAM1 (Biotype-B or Bemisia argentifolii, and MED (Biotype-Q) depending upon the geographical location. The complete information on the bio-ecology of important species along with the feeding mechanism has been presented in this book. The use of modern techniques of identification has added more biotypes considering the variations in host range, species of endosymbionts, virus transmission efficiency, and resistance to pesticides. The resistance and resurgence due to pesticides have been discussed in the monograph. The information on economic thresholds for judicious use of pesticides or release of natural enemies against whiteflies have been quoted in the compilation The pest control methods, namely chemical, cultural measures, biocontrol agents, resistant varieties and mechanical devices have been elaborated. Based on the availability of information the integrated model has been suggested to contain the menace of whitefly under different situations. Considering the key factors responsible for the outbreak of whiteflies, a sound system of IPM has been formulated. The book also contains the use of semiochemicals and biotechnological tools likely to gain momentum in the future.