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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has taken the shape of a slow epidemic across countries around the world, more so in the Indian sub-continent. The incidence of DM and now Prediabetes is fast increasing. Diabetes along with its complications is a leading cause of mortality, morbidity and increasing health system costs1. A recent Lancet study published in 2016 reported a four-fold rise in the number of Diabetics from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 20142. According to this study China, India and USA are the top three countries with high number of Diabetics. Existing treatment strategies have not been completely able to stop the progressive course of Diabetes and prevent the development of its chronic complications. The average age of onset of Diabetes in India is nearly two decades earlier compared to rest of the world. It is also warranted the possibility of a more aggressive Diabetes phenotype pertaining to India.3 Being a progressive disorder, Diabetes Mellitus becomes more and more complicated due to the involvement of multiple organs leading to a series of complications affecting vital organs like heart, kidneys, nervous system, eyes etc. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one such dreadful and vision threatening complication of DM. From being completely asymptomatic at the initial stages to leading to complete blindness, Diabetic Retinopathy can seriously hamper quality of life of the Diabetics. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in adults aged 20-74 years.4 From 1990-2010, DR was ranked as the fifth most common cause of preventable blindness and fifth most common cause of moderate to severe visual impairment.5. Research surveys have shown that over a period of time almost two-third of all Type 2 and almost all Type 1 diabetics are expected to develop Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) 6,7. The incidence of DR increases with the chronicity of Diabetes8
