Sheet metal processing is a broad term that covers a wide range of metalworking operations. Because of their versatility and cost-effectiveness, these techniques play an important role in the metalworking industry. It eliminates costly activities like welding and machining and produces products with low weight and good mechanical qualities at high speeds. Sheet metal technology is employed in the automotive and aeronautics industries. As a result, sheet metal forming has increased in importance in today's industrial world[l]. Because of its high speed and low cost, sheet metal operation is a key manufacturing method for mass production. It's a technique that involves forcing a blank into or through a die with a punch to create a shallow part that's the same shape as the die and essentially the same thickness as the original material. In the automotive sector (e.g., fenders, bonnets), home appliances, and also in digital devices, there is an ever- increasing demand for formed sheet metal items. It is an evergreen manufacturing technology due to its supremacy in making thin-walled items with a high surface polish. Manufacturers will have to use new materials with great strength and low density, such as high-strength steel, aluminium alloy, and magnesium alloy. The use of new light materials reduces total weight and, as a result, fuel consumption in the vehicle sector. However, the new materials' poor formability is the fundamental impediment to their widespread use. Using the traditional forming method, it is difficult to achieve a defect-free product constructed of new materials. There are issues not only with the use of new materials, but also with the large-scale formed component forming process. For example, the rear and front doors of automobiles are prone to frequent issues like fractures, wrinkling, and springback. As a result, more effort should be put into improving material formability and pursuing an effective strategy for controlling material flow in order to produce a high-quality product.
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