On the Origin of Species(電子書)

出版社：Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation 甦活全球網路
作者：Charles Darwin[原作] ; 甦活中英文編輯所[編輯]
出版日：2011/07/01
裝訂：電子書
檔案格式：EPUB 流式
商品碼：2222210084146
關鍵字： On the Origin of Species(電子書)、 On、 the、 Origin、 of、 Species、電子、電子書、 Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation 甦活全球網路、 Charles Darwin 、甦活中英文編輯所、

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Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, in which he writes of his theories of evolution by nat...

On the Origin of Species, 6th Edition	1
An Historical Sketch Of The Progress Of Opinion On The Origin Of Species, Previously To The Publication Of The First Edition Of This Work	2
Introduction	3
Chapter 1 Variation Under Domestication	4
1. Causes of Variability	5
2. Effects Of Habit And Of The Use Or Disuse Of Parts; Correlated Variation; Inheritance	6
3. Character Of Domestic Varieties; Difficulty Of Distinguishing Between Varieties And Species; Origin Of Domestic Varieties From One Or More Species	7
4. Breeds Of The Domestic Pigeon, Their Differences And Origin	8
5. Principles Of Selection Anciently Followed, And Their Effects	9
6. Unconscious Selection	10
7. Circumstances Favourable To Man's Power Of Selection	11
Chapter 2 Variation Under Nature	12
1.	13
2. Individual Differences	14
3. Doubtful Species	15
4. Wide-Ranging, Much Diffused, And Common Species Vary Most	16
5. Species Of The Larger Genera In Each Country Vary More Frequently Than The Species Of The Smaller Genera	17
6. Many Of The Species Included Within The Larger Genera Resemble Varieties In Being Very Closely, But Unequally, Related To Each Other, And In Having Restricted Ranges	18
7. Summary	19
Chapter 3 Struggle For Existence	20
1.	21
2. The Term, Struggle For Existence, Used In A Large Sense	22
3. Geometrical Ratio Of Increase	23
4. Nature Of The Checks To Increase	24
5. Complex Relations Of All Animals And Plants To Each Other In The Struggle For Existence	25
6. Struggle For Life Most Severe Between Individuals And Varieties Of The Same Species	26
Chapter 4 Natural Selection; Or The Survival Of The Fittest	27
1.	28
2. Sexual Selection	29
3. Illustrations Of The Action Of Natural Selection, Or The Survival Of The Fittest	30
4. On The Intercrossing Of Individuals	31
5. Circumstances Favourable For The Production Of New Forms Through Natural Selection	32
6. Extinction Caused By Natural Selection	33
7. Divergence Of Character	34
8. The Probable Effects Of The Action Of Natural Selection Through Divergence Of Character And Extinction, On The Descendants Of A Common Ancestor	35
9. On The Degree To Which Organisation Tends To Advance	36
10. Convergence Of Character	37
11. Summary Of Chapter	38
Chapter 5 Laws Of Variation	39
1.	40
2. Effects Of The Increased Use And Disuse Of Parts, As Controlled By Natural Selection	41
3. Acclimatisation	42
4. Correlated Variation	43
5. Compensation And Economy Of Growth	44
6. Multiple, Rudimentary, And Lowly-Organised Structures Are Variable	45
7. A Part Developed In Any Species In An Extraordinary Degree Or Manner, In Comparison With The Same Part In Allied Species, Tends To Be Highly Variable	46
8. Specific Characters More Variable Than Generic Characters	47
9. Secondary Sexual Characters Variable	48
10. Distinct Species Present Analogous Variations, So That A Variety Of One Species Often Assumes A Character Proper To An Allied Species, Or Reverts To Some Of The Characters Of An Early Progenitor	49
11. Summary	50
Chapter 6 Difficulties Of The Theory	51
1.	52
2. On The Absence Or Rarity Of Transitional Varieties	53
3. On The Origin And Transition Of Organic Beings With Peculiar Habits And Structure	54
4. Organs Of Extreme Perfection And Complication	55
5. Modes Of Transition	56
6. Special Difficulties Of The Theory Of Natural Selection	57
7. Organs Of Little Apparent Importance, As Affected By Natural Selection	58
8. Utilitarian Doctrine, How Far True: Beauty, How Acquired	59
9. Summary: The Law Of Unity Of Type And Of The Conditions Of Existence Embraced By The Theory Of Natural Selection	60
Chapter 7 Miscellaneous Objections To The Theory Of Natural Selection	61
Chapter 8 Instinct	62
1.	63
2. Inherited Changes Of Habit Or Instinct In Domesticated Animals	64
3. Special Instincts	65
4. Instincts Of The Cuckoo	66
5. Slave-Making Instinct	67
6. Cell-Making Instinct Of The Hive-Bee	68
7. Objections To The Theory Of Natural Selection As Applied To Instincts: Neuter And Sterile Insects	69
8. Summary	70
Chapter 9 Hybridism	71
1.	72
2. Degrees Of Sterility	73
3. Laws Governing The Sterility Of First Crosses And Of Hybrids	74
4. Origin And Causes Of The Sterility Of First Crosses And Of Hybrids	75
5. Reciprocal Dimorphism And Trimorphism	76
6. Fertility Of Varieties When Crossed, And Of Their Mongrel Offspring, Not Universal	77
7. Hybrids And Mongrels Compared, Independently Of Their Fertility	78
8. Summary Of Chapter	79
Chapter 10 On The Imperfection Of The Geological Record	80
1.	81
2. On The Lapse Of Time, As Inferred From The Rate Of Deposition And Extent Of Denudation	82
3. On The Poorness Of Palaeontological Collections	83
4. On The Absence Of Numerous Intermediate Varieties In Any Single Formation	84
5. On The Sudden Appearance Of Whole Groups Of Allied Species	85
6. On The Sudden Appearance Of Groups Of Allied Species In The Lowest Known Fossiliferous Strata	86
Chapter 11 On The Geological Succession Of Organic Beings	87
1.	88
2. On Extinction	89
3. On The Forms Of Life Changing Almost Simultaneously Throughout The World	90
4. On The Affinities Of Extinct Species To Each Other, And To Living Forms	91
5. On The State Of Development Of Ancient Compared With Living Forms	92
6. On The Succession Of The Same Types Within The Same Areas, During The Later Tertiary Periods	93
7. Summary Of The Preceding And Present Chapters	94
Chapter 12 Geographical Distribution	95
1.	96
2. Single Centres Of Supposed Creation	97
3. Means Of Dispersal	98
4. Dispersal During The Glacial Period	99
5. Alternate Glacial Periods In The North And South	100
Chapter 13 Geographical Distribution--continued	101
1. Fresh-Water Productions	102
2. On The Inhabitants Of Oceanic Islands	103
3. Absence Of Batrachians And Terrestrial Mammals On Oceanic Islands	104
4. On The Relations Of The Inhabitants Of Islands To Those Of The Nearest Mainland	105
5. Summary Of The Last And Present Chapters	106
Chapter 14 Mutual Affinities Of Organic Beings: Morphology -- Embryology -- Rudimentary Organs	107
1. Classification	108
2. Analogical Resemblances	109
3. On The Nature Of The Affinities Connecting Organic Beings	110
4. Morphology	111
5. Development And Embryology	112
6. Rudimentary, Atrophied, And Aborted Organs	113
7. Summary	114
Chapter 15 Recapitulation And Conclusion	115
Glossary Of The Principal Scientific Terms Used In The Present Volume	116