Mandatory Minimum Sentencing

"Each volume in the Opposing Viewpoints Series could serve as a model...not only providing access to a wide diverstiy of opinions, but also stimulating readers to do further research for group discuss

David Card and Alan B. Krueger have already made national news with their pathbreaking research on the minimum wage. Here they present a powerful new challenge to the conventional view that higher minimum wages reduce jobs for low-wage workers. In a work that has important implications for public policy as well as for the direction of economic research, the authors put standard economic theory to the test, using data from a series of recent episodes, including the 1992 increase in New Jersey's minimum wage, the 1988 rise in California's minimum wage, and the 1990-91 increases in the federal minimum wage. In each case they present a battery of evidence showing that increases in the minimum wage lead to increases in pay, but no loss in jobs.A distinctive feature of Card and Krueger's research is the use of empirical methods borrowed from the natural sciences, including comparisons between the "treatment" and "control" groups formed when the minimum wag

Over two million people are incarcerated in America’s prisons and jails, eight times as many since 1975. Mandatory minimum sentencing, parole agencies intent on sending people back to prison, three-st

The authors report on the benefits and costs of California's new mandatory-sentencing law, which provides for progressively longer sentences with an increasing number of prior convictions for serious

In this inspiring, witty and eminently sensible book, Nigella Lawson sets out a manifesto for how to cook (and eat) good food every day with a minimum of fuss. From basic roast chicken and pea risotto

Murder is often regarded as both the "ultimate" and a unique crime; and whereas courts are normally given discretion in sentencing offenders, for murder, the sentence is mandatory - indeterminate impr

For two centuries, federal judges exercised wide discretion in criminal sentencing. This changed in 1987, when a bureaucratically determined, mandatory, rigid set of rules was imposed on the federal

Lectures on Electromagnetic Theory provides a concise, self-contained introduction to graduate-level electromagnetic theory, organized for a one-semester course. Written in a "theoretical minimum" style, the text emphasizes clear physical insight and mathematical precision. The five chapters cover Maxwell equations and fundamental theorems; wave propagation, plane-wave expansion, and guided waves; electromagnetic radiation and Green functions; analytical scattering theory for canonical targets; and an introduction to relativistic electrodynamics linking classical electrodynamics with special relativity. The book serves both beginning graduate students and researchers seeking a compact reference.

A compendium of the Animal Kingdom's more unfortunate truths, with over 150 hand-drawn illustrations to make you laugh and cry. Have you ever wondered how expensive a jar of honey would be if a minimum wage for bees applied, or whether a dog cares what's on television when they sit next to you?This book pairs the sweet and sad facts of animal life with their imagined thoughts and reactions.

From the New York Times bestselling author of The Unteachables comes a hilarious new story about a group of underdogs who come together when they are forced to attend summer school—for failing PE.Yash is the best athlete at Robinette Middle School. So good, in fact, that's he's already been playing on the high school’s JV sports teams. Imagine his shock when he learns that his JV practices have kept him from earning a state-mandated credit for eighth-grade PE. To graduate, he has to take Physical Education Equivalency—PEE—which is also known as "Slugfest," in summer school.At Slugfest, Yash meets the other students. Kaden is an academic superstar who's physically hopeless. Twins Sarah and Stuart are too busy trying to kill each other to actually pay attention in class. Jesse is a notorious prankster. Arabella protests just about everything—including mandatory PE. And Cleo is a natural athlete who has sworn off sports. Then there’s their “coach,” Mrs. Tamara Finnerty, a retired teacher

A bullied 12-year-old boy must find a new normal after his mother has a stroke and his life is turned upside down.William Wyatt Orser, a socially awkward middle schooler, is a wordsmith who, much to his annoyance, acquired the ironically ungrammatical nickname of "Worser so long ago that few people at school know to call him anything else.Worser grew up with his mom, a professor of rhetoric and an introvert just like him, in a comfortable routine that involved reading aloud in the evenings, criticizing the grammar of others, ignoring the shabby mess of their house, and suffering the bare minimum of social interactions with others. But recently all that has changed. His mom had a stroke that left her nonverbal, and his Aunt Iris has moved in with her cats, art projects, loud music, and even louder clothes. Home for Worser is no longer a refuge from the unsympathetic world at school that it has been all his life.Feeling lost, lonely, and overwhelmed, Worser searches for a new sanctuary a

以AI釐清價值排序、突破決策盲點台灣科技創業教父施振榮與人工智能決策分身「AI阿丹」共創領導新思維──實踐王道哲學，讓組織升級進化。 王道遇見人工智能──施振榮的AI思維分身，你的決策新引擎。 從資訊到洞見，讓「AI阿丹」成為你的思辨教練。宏碁創辦人施振榮Stan哥親身示範，AI不僅是工具，更能成為「思維型助理」與「決策陪跑員」，幫助你應對時代變革，化挑戰為機會。本書透過Stan哥與其AI思維分身「AI阿丹」的深度對話，創造出能以王道哲學思考的「決策引擎」，揭示領導者如何駕馭AI智能──開創思維，駕馭未來：深度認識AI的無限可能，引導領導者釐清思緒、突破盲點。王道為本，AI為用：承繼Stan哥智慧的AI阿丹，系統化協助領導人，以王道思維管理組織。決策分身，照見初心：猶如一面誠實的鏡子，協助領導人拆解恐懼、面對初衷，進而前瞻思考。人機共創，組織進化：透過個人決策「3C」與團隊決策「5C」原則，結合AI的輔助，讓決策更透明、更具韌性。台灣實驗，全球浪潮：台灣作為「最小可複製單元」（Minimum Replicable Unit, MRU）的實驗田，將驗證王道領導學的落地、複製與拓展的可能。東方王道思考與前瞻AI科技的完美運用，管理者能應對複雜變局，在不確定的時代中保持清明，引領你走向領導力的覺醒時刻，企業邁向集體共好。

Predictive Sentencing addresses the role of risk assessment in contemporary sentencing practices. Predictive sentencing has become so deeply ingrained in Western criminal justice decision-making that

In the prison business, all roads lead to Texas. A pioneer in criminal justice severity—from assembly-line executions to supermax isolation, from mandatory sentencing to prison privatization

Sentencing Policy and Social Justice argues that the promotion of social justice should become a key objective of sentencing policy, advancing the argument that the legitimacy of sentencing ultimately

How do judges sentence? In particular, how important is judicial discretion in sentencing? Sentencing guidelines are often said to promote consistency, but is consistency in sentencing achievable or e

Examining the sentencing policies of Bangladesh, Criminal Sentencing in Bangladesh calls for going beyond the universal, asocial and apolitical formulations as proclaimed in mainstream sentencing lite

Criminal Procedure & Sentencing provides a comprehensive, engaging and up-to-date guide to each step of criminal procedure, from the arrest of the suspect through to trial, sentencing and appeals.

Criminal Procedure and Sentencing provides a comprehensive, analytical and up-to-date guide to each step of the criminal process, from the arrest of the suspect through to trial, sentencing and appeal

Sentencing: A Reference Handbook offers a complete overview of the complex sentencing procedures devised by the federal government and each of the 50 states.

Sentencing and Society

"The volume addresses the role of risk assessment in contemporary sentencing practices. Predictive sentencing has become so deeply ingrained in Western criminal justice decision making that despite ea

American Sentencing surveys what is known about the hottest topic in American criminal law reform. Massive efforts are underway to make sentencing more just and sentences more effective, and to reduce

How should we understand sentencing decision-making? Despite huge efforts world-wide to critique, measure, and reform sentencing, why does it remain an enigma?This book argues that sentencing is an en

Through lyrical narrative, the poems in Mandatory Evacuation find radiance in everyday people and subjects by the simple act of noticingof seeking that which matters most. Like returning home with new

Sentencing and Punishment: The Quest for Justice, Third Edition, provides an accessible account of recent developments in sentencing and punishment from the standpoint of penal theories, policy aims,

This book addresses and analyses the rape sentencing regime in India, and demonstrates that despite law reform, the myths and stereotypes about rapists and rape victims that used to be embedded in the positive law of rape and/or in evidence law have, in many cases, merely shifted from the charging and trial stages to the sentencing stage. The book further argues that rape myths and stereotypes influence sentencing, leading to unwarranted disparity. It undertakes a theoretical examination of the purposes of punishment, the fundamentally overlapping nature of the stages of the criminal process, and the meaning of 'disparity'. The book sets forth what the sentencing guidelines for rape in India might provide, discussing factors that should be considered relevant and irrelevant in the sentencing of rape offenders. The underlying theme of the book is to bring the rule of law to criminal sentencing in India.

In criminal proceedings, the sentencing decision of the judge might be the most important decision, not only because of the impact the punishment has on the offender, but also because the sentencing d

The politics of criminal sentencing has recently crystallized around the issue of whether and how a system of structured sentencing should inform judicial approaches to punishing criminals. Increasing

For most of the 20th Century, sentencing purposes and procedures were virtually the same in all American jurisdictions. The primary sentencing goal was rehabilitation, to be accomplished mostly in pri

This book deals with sentencing in international criminal law, focusing on the approach of the UN ad hoc Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and Rwanda (ICTR). In contrast to sentencing in dome

Minimum wages exist in more than one hundred countries, both industrialized and developing. The United States passed a federal minimum wage law in 1938 and has increased the minimum wage and its cove

Exactly how is it we think the ends of justice are accomplished by sentencing someone to a term in prison? How do we relate a quantitative measure of time—months and years—to the objectives of deterri

This book examines the lives of the sentenced to argue that 'sentencing' should be re-conceived to consider the human perspective. It combines a range of modern criminological, and legal, theories tog

Criminal Litigation and Sentencing gives the reader a detailed understanding of the key laws, rules, and procedures underpinning the criminal justice system from arrest and charge of a suspect, to tri

Sentencing matters. Life, liberty, and property are at stake. Convicted offenders and victims care about it for obvious reasons, while judges and prosecutors also have a moral stake in the process. Ne

Now in its sixth edition, Sentencing and Criminal Justice has been extensively rewritten to reflect recent legislation, guidelines and judicial decisions. New material includes comparative sentencing research, which looks at models from other countries in comparison with the approach in England and Wales, and an additional chapter focusing on civil preventive orders and other ancillary orders. Written with clarity of expression coupled with critical analysis, this textbook offers an unrivalled combination of expertise, accessibility and coverage. This is the essential text for anyone interested in criminal justice.