Rational Function Systems and Electrical Networks With Multi-parameters

To overcome the problems of system theory and network theory over real field, this book uses matrices over the field F(z) of rational functions in multi-parameters describing coefficient matrices of s

Network thinking and network analysis are rapidly expanding features of ecological research. Network analysis of ecological systems include representations and modelling of the interactions in an ecosystem, in which species or factors are joined by pairwise connections. This book provides an overview of ecological network analysis including generating processes, the relationship between structure and dynamic function, and statistics and models for these networks. Starting with a general introduction to the composition of networks and their characteristics, it includes details on such topics as measures of network complexity, applications of spectral graph theory, how best to include indirect species interactions, and multilayer, multiplex and multilevel networks. Graduate students and researchers who want to develop and understand ecological networks in their research will find this volume inspiring and helpful. Detailed guidance to those already working in network ecology but looking

Network thinking and network analysis are rapidly expanding features of ecological research. Network analysis of ecological systems include representations and modelling of the interactions in an ecosystem, in which species or factors are joined by pairwise connections. This book provides an overview of ecological network analysis including generating processes, the relationship between structure and dynamic function, and statistics and models for these networks. Starting with a general introduction to the composition of networks and their characteristics, it includes details on such topics as measures of network complexity, applications of spectral graph theory, how best to include indirect species interactions, and multilayer, multiplex and multilevel networks. Graduate students and researchers who want to develop and understand ecological networks in their research will find this volume inspiring and helpful. Detailed guidance to those already working in network ecology but looking

This unique introduction to the foundational concepts of cyber-physical systems (CPS) describes key design principles and emerging research trends in detail. Several interdisciplinary applications are covered, with a focus on the wide-area management of infrastructures including electric power systems, air transportation networks, and health care systems. Design, control and optimization of cyber-physical infrastructures are discussed, addressing security and privacy issues of networked CPS, presenting graph-theoretic and numerical approaches to CPS evaluation and monitoring, and providing readers with the knowledge needed to operate CPS in a reliable, efficient, and secure manner. Exercises are included. This is an ideal resource for researchers and graduate students in electrical engineering and computer science, as well as for practitioners using cyber-physical systems in aerospace and automotive engineering, medical technology, and large-scale infrastructure operations.

Modern scientific computational methods are undergoing a transformative change; big data and statistical learning methods now have the potential to outperform the classical first-principles modeling paradigm. This book bridges this transition, connecting the theory of probability, stochastic processes, functional analysis, numerical analysis, and differential geometry. It describes two classes of computational methods to leverage data for modeling dynamical systems. The first is concerned with data fitting algorithms to estimate parameters in parametric models that are postulated on the basis of physical or dynamical laws. The second is on operator estimation, which uses the data to nonparametrically approximate the operator generated by the transition function of the underlying dynamical systems. This self-contained book is suitable for graduate studies in applied mathematics, statistics, and engineering. Carefully chosen elementary examples with supplementary MATLAB® codes and append

There are a number of intriguing connections between Painlevé equations and orthogonal polynomials, and this book is one of the first to provide an introduction to these. Researchers in integrable systems and non-linear equations will find the many explicit examples where Painlevé equations appear in mathematical analysis very useful. Those interested in the asymptotic behavior of orthogonal polynomials will also find the description of Painlevé transcendants and their use for local analysis near certain critical points helpful to their work. Rational solutions and special function solutions of Painlevé equations are worked out in detail, with a survey of recent results and an outline of their close relationship with orthogonal polynomials. Exercises throughout the book help the reader to get to grips with the material. The author is a leading authority on orthogonal polynomials, giving this work a unique perspective on Painlevé equations.

Presenting new approaches to studying food webs, this book uses practical management and policy examples to demonstrate the theory behind ecosystem management decisions and the broader issue of sustainability. All the information that readers need to use food web analyses as a tool for understanding and quantifying transition processes is provided. Advancing the idea of food webs as complex adaptive systems, readers are challenged to rethink how changes in environmental conditions affect these systems. Beginning with the current state of thinking about community organisation, complexity and stability, the book moves on to focus on the traits of organisms, the adaptive nature of communities and their impacts on ecosystem function. The final section of the book addresses the applications to management and sustainability. By helping to understand the complexities of multispecies networks, this book provides insights into the evolution of organisms and the fate of ecosystems in a changing

Gain a solid understanding of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Systems Theory with this unique book. Written by a leading expert in LED lighting, it links together the photometric, electrical, thermal and chromatic elements of LED systems into a single, unified framework, and explores their complex interactions with one another. • Get to grips with chromatic, photometric and thermal modelling of LED systems • Discover new techniques for precise dimming and colour control • Learn methods for determining system parameters and internal variables • Gain insight into advanced applications for LED system design and optimization Providing straightforward and intuitive explanations, this is an ideal guide for professional engineers, graduate students and researchers working on solid-state lighting systems and smart lighting, and those taking advanced courses on LED devices and systems.

It is now widely recognized that the climate system is governed by nonlinear, multi-scale processes, whereby memory effects and stochastic forcing by fast processes, such as weather and convective systems, can induce regime behavior. Motivated by present difficulties in understanding the climate system and to aid the improvement of numerical weather and climate models, this book gathers contributions from mathematics, physics and climate science to highlight the latest developments and current research questions in nonlinear and stochastic climate dynamics. Leading researchers discuss some of the most challenging and exciting areas of research in the mathematical geosciences, such as the theory of tipping points and of extreme events including spatial extremes, climate networks, data assimilation and dynamical systems. This book provides graduate students and researchers with a broad overview of the physical climate system and introduces powerful data analysis and modeling methods for

Optimization is used to determine the most appropriate value of variables under given conditions. The primary focus of using optimisation techniques is to measure the maximum or minimum value of a function depending on the circumstances. This book discusses problem formulation and problem solving with the help of algorithms such as secant method, quasi-Newton method, linear programming and dynamic programming. It also explains important chemical processes such as fluid flow systems, heat exchangers, chemical reactors and distillation systems using solved examples. The book begins by explaining the fundamental concepts followed by an elucidation of various modern techniques including trust-region methods, Levenberg–Marquardt algorithms, stochastic optimization, simulated annealing and statistical optimization. It studies the multi-objective optimization technique and its applications in chemical engineering and also discusses the theory and applications of various optimization software

This volume describes culture media and solutions used in human ART; how they have been developed for in vitro human pre-implantation embryo development, the function and importance of the various components in media and solutions and how they interact, and how the systems in which these are used can influence outcomes. Chapters discuss inorganic solutes, energy substrates, amino acids, macromolecules, cytokines, growth factors, buffers, pH, osmolality, and the interaction of these parameters. The role of incubators and other physical factors are reviewed, along with the relevance and prospects of emerging technologies: morphokinetic analysis using time-lapse imaging and dynamic fluid incubation systems. Results of prospective randomized trials are emphasized to ascertain the added value of these techniques for selecting viable embryos. This comprehensive guide will be invaluable for embryologists, physicians and all personnel involved in the fluid products used in human ART seeking to

This exciting reference text is concerned with fluid power control. It is an ideal reference for the practising engineer and a textbook for advanced courses in fluid power control. In applications in which large forces and/or torques are required, often with a fast response time, oil-hydraulic control systems are essential. They excel in environmentally difficult applications because the drive part can be designed with no electrical components and they almost always have a more competitive power/weight ratio compared to electrically actuated systems. Fluid power systems have the capability to control several parameters, such as pressure, speed, position, and so on, to a high degree of accuracy at high power levels. In practice there are many exciting challenges facing the fluid power engineer, who now must preferably have a broad skill set.

Wireless communication has become a ubiquitous part of modern life, from global cellular telephone systems to local and even personal-area networks. This 2004 book provides a tutorial introduction to digital mobile wireless networks, illustrating theoretical underpinnings with a wide range of real-world examples. The book begins with a review of propagation phenomena, and goes on to examine channel allocation, modulation techniques, multiple access schemes, and coding techniques. GSM and IS-95 systems are reviewed and 2.5G and 3G packet-switched systems are discussed in detail. Performance analysis and accessing and scheduling techniques are covered, and the book closes with a chapter on wireless LANs and personal-area networks. Many worked examples and homework exercises are provided and a solutions manual is available for instructors. The book is an ideal text for electrical engineering and computer science students taking courses in wireless communications. It will also be an invalu

Future generations of wireless networks will place great demands on the performance of radio access technology. This book describes the features of various mobile access technologies and assesses their strengths and weaknesses. In particular, it describes the underlying principles and practical implementation schemes for time division duplexing (TDD). The book begins with an overview of next-generation wireless systems. It then describes the basics of duplex communication modes, interference in cellular systems, and multiple user access techniques. Focusing on TDD systems, dynamic channel assignment algorithms are discussed, as are multi-hop communications schemes, radio resource management, interference cancellation, and smart antennas. Real-world examples from UMTS, wireless LAN, and Bluetooth systems are described. The book is aimed at all those involved in the design and implementation of wireless systems, as well as at graduate students and researchers working in the area of wirel

Originally published in 1960, the primary aim of this book was to give the reader an insight into the vibration characteristics of a machine or structure rather than to present them with a recipe for formal calculations. Within the text classical theory is developed by starting from the concept of steady forced motion and then introducing free motion as a limiting case. The concept of resistance or 'dynamic flexibility' is used throughout and provides a link between the treatment of very simple systems, multi-freedom systems with lumped parameters and infinite-freedom systems. It also provides a tool for breaking down complex problems into simpler parts. The mathematics will be understood by a student taking an honors course in engineering, and the book's primary purpose was to provide them with a background for their studies and with a path along which to advance for further work.

With increasingly low-cost and power-efficient RF electronics demanded by today's wireless communication systems, it is essential to keep up to speed with new developments. This book presents key advances in the field that you need to know about and emerging patterns in large-signal measurement techniques, modeling and nonlinear circuit design theory supported by practical examples. Topics covered include: • Novel large-signal measurement techniques that have become available with the introduction of nonlinear vector network analyzers (NVNA), such as the LSNA, PNA-X and SWAP • Direct extraction of device models from large-signal RF dynamic loadlines • Characterization of memory effects (self-heating, traps) with pulsed RF measurements • Interactive design of power-efficient amplifiers (PA) and oscillators using ultra-fast multi-harmonic active load-pull • Volterra and poly-harmonic distortion (X-parameters) behavioral modeling • Oscillator phase noise theory • Balancing, modeling and

This well-balanced text touches on theoretical and applied aspects of protecting digital data. The reader is provided with the basic theory and is then shown deeper fascinating detail, including the current state of the art. Readers will soon become familiar with methods of protecting digital data while it is transmitted, as well as while the data is being stored. Both basic and advanced error-correcting codes are introduced together with numerous results on their parameters and properties. The authors explain how to apply these codes to symmetric and public key cryptosystems and secret sharing. Interesting approaches based on polynomial systems solving are applied to cryptography and decoding codes. Computer algebra systems are also used to provide an understanding of how objects introduced in the book are constructed, and how their properties can be examined. This book is designed for Masters-level students studying mathematics, computer science, electrical engineering or physics.

This well-balanced text touches on theoretical and applied aspects of protecting digital data. The reader is provided with the basic theory and is then shown deeper fascinating detail, including the current state of the art. Readers will soon become familiar with methods of protecting digital data while it is transmitted, as well as while the data is being stored. Both basic and advanced error-correcting codes are introduced together with numerous results on their parameters and properties. The authors explain how to apply these codes to symmetric and public key cryptosystems and secret sharing. Interesting approaches based on polynomial systems solving are applied to cryptography and decoding codes. Computer algebra systems are also used to provide an understanding of how objects introduced in the book are constructed, and how their properties can be examined. This book is designed for Masters-level students studying mathematics, computer science, electrical engineering or physics.

Designing distributed computing systems is a complex process requiring a solid understanding of the design problems and the theoretical and practical aspects of their solutions. This comprehensive textbook covers the fundamental principles and models underlying the theory, algorithms and systems aspects of distributed computing. Broad and detailed coverage of the theory is balanced with practical systems-related issues such as mutual exclusion, deadlock detection, authentication, and failure recovery. Algorithms are carefully selected, lucidly presented, and described without complex proofs. Simple explanations and illustrations are used to elucidate the algorithms. Important emerging topics such as peer-to-peer networks and network security are also considered. With vital algorithms, numerous illustrations, examples and homework problems, this textbook is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of electrical and computer engineering and computer science. Practitioner

Position estimation of wireless devices has many applications in short-range networks. Ultra-wideband (UWB) signals provide accurate positioning capabilities that can be harnessed in wireless systems to realise these applications. This text provides detailed coverage of UWB positioning systems, offering comprehensive treatment of signal and receiver design for ranging, range estimation techniques, theoretical performance bounds, ranging algorithms and protocols. Beginning with a discussion of the potential applications of wireless positioning, and investigating UWB signals for such applications, later chapters establish a signal processing framework for analysing UWB positioning and ranging systems. The recent IEEE 802.15.4a standard related to UWB is also studied in detail. Each chapter contains examples, problems and Matlab scripts to help readers grasp key concepts. This is an ideal text for graduate students and researchers in electrical and computer engineering, and practitioners

This 2007 book presents a developed general conceptual and basic quantitative analysis as well as the theory of mechanical efficiency of heat engines that a level of ideality and generality compatible with the treatment given to thermal efficiency in classical thermodynamics. This yields broad bearing results concerning the overall cyclic conversion of heat into usable mechanical energy. The work reveals intrinsic limits on the overall performance of reciprocating heat engines. The theory describes the general effects of parameters such as compression ratio and external or buffer pressure on engine output. It also provides rational explanations of certain operational characteristics such as how engines generally behave when supercharged or pressurized. The results also identify optimum geometric configurations for engines operating in various regimes from isothermal to adiabatic and are extended to cover multi-workspace engines and heat pumps. Limited heat transfer due to finite-time e

This 2002 book investigates the opportunities in building intelligent decision support systems offered by multi-agent distributed probabilistic reasoning. Probabilistic reasoning with graphical models, also known as Bayesian networks or belief networks, has become increasingly an active field of research and practice in artificial intelligence, operations research and statistics. The success of this technique in modeling intelligent decision support systems under the centralized and single-agent paradigm has been striking. Yang Xiang extends graphical dependence models to the distributed and multi-agent paradigm. He identifies the major technical challenges involved in such an endeavor and presents the results. The framework developed in the book allows distributed representation of uncertain knowledge on a large and complex environment embedded in multiple cooperative agents, and effective, exact and distributed probabilistic inference.

Wireless sensor networks are set to play a key role in a wide range of civilian and military applications, with tiny sensors connected through wireless links performing various sensing, computing, communication, and control tasks in highly distributed systems. This book presents a critical element in the deployment of wireless sensor networks: the process of synchronization. It summarizes the most important clock synchronization protocols proposed for wireless sensor networks with special emphasis placed on deriving efficient clock offset estimation schemes and performance benchmarks. Graduate students of electrical and computer engineering and computer science will find this a valuable resource, as will engineers who are interested in designing efficient clock synchronization algorithms and improving the performance of existing synchronization protocols.

This exciting reference text is concerned with fluid power control. It is an ideal reference for the practising engineer and a textbook for advanced courses in fluid power control. In applications in which large forces and/or torques are required, often with a fast response time, oil-hydraulic control systems are essential. They excel in environmentally difficult applications because the drive part can be designed with no electrical components and they almost always have a more competitive power/weight ratio compared to electrically actuated systems. Fluid power systems have the capability to control several parameters, such as pressure, speed, position, and so on, to a high degree of accuracy at high power levels. In practice there are many exciting challenges facing the fluid power engineer, who now must preferably have a broad skill set.

Cells are complex objects, representing a multitude of structures and processes. In order to understand the organization, interaction and hierarchy of these structures and processes, a quantitative understanding is absolutely critical. Traditionally, statistical mechanics-based treatment of biological systems has focused on the molecular level, with larger systems being ignored. This book integrates understanding from the molecular to the cellular and multi-cellular level in a quantitative framework that will benefit a wide audience engaged in biological, biochemical, biophysical and clinical research. It will build new bridges of quantitative understanding that link fundamental physical principles governing cellular structure and function with implications in clinical and biomedical contexts.

Quantum mechanics has evolved from a subject of study in pure physics to one with a wide range of applications in many diverse fields. The basic concepts of quantum mechanics are explained in this book in a concise and easy-to-read manner, leading toward applications in solid-state electronics and optics. Following a logical sequence, the book focuses on key ideas and is conceptually and mathematically self-contained. The fundamental principles of quantum mechanics are illustrated by showing their application to systems such as the hydrogen atom, multi-electron ions and atoms, the formation of simple organic molecules and crystalline solids of practical importance. It leads on from these basic concepts to discuss some of the most significant applications in semiconductor electronics and optics. Containing many homework problems, the book is suitable for senior-level undergraduate and graduate-level students in electrical engineering, material sciences, applied physics and chemistry.

Presenting the fundamentals of cooperative communications and networking, this book treats the concepts of space, time, frequency diversity and MIMO, with a holistic approach to principal topics where significant improvements can be obtained. Beginning with background and MIMO systems, Part I includes a review of basic principles of wireless communications and space-time diversity and coding. Part II then presents topics on physical layer cooperative communications such as relay channels and protocols, performance bounds, multi-node cooperation, and energy efficiency. Finally, Part III focuses on cooperative networking including cooperative and content-aware multiple access, distributed routing, source-channel coding, and cooperative OFDM. Including end-of-chapter review questions, this text will appeal to graduate students of electrical engineering and is an ideal textbook for advanced courses on wireless communications. It will also be of great interest to practitioners in the wirele

Embedded network systems (ENS) provide a set of technologies that can link the physical world to large-scale networks in applications such as monitoring of borders, infrastructure, health, the environment, automated production, supply chains, homes and places of business. This book details the fundamentals for this interdisciplinary and fast-moving field. The book begins with mathematical foundations and the relevant background topics in signal propagation, sensors, detection and estimation theory, and communications. Key component technologies in ENS are discussed: synchronization and position localization, energy and data management, actuation, and node architecture. Ethical, legal and social implications are addressed. The final chapter summarizes some of the lessons learned in producing multiple ENS generations. A focus on fundamental principles together with extensive examples and problem sets make this text ideal for use on graduate courses in electrical engineering and computer

Analysing and designing reliable and fast wireless networks requires an understanding of the theory underpinning these systems and the engineering complexities of their implementation. This text describes the underlying principles and major applications of high-speed wireless technologies, with emphasis on ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless systems, 3G long term evolution, and 4G mobile networks. Key topics such as cross-layer optimization are discussed in detail and various forms of UWB, including multi-band OFDM UWB, are covered. Recent research developments are described before identifying the scope and direction for future research. The overlay problem (interference problem) in UWB is discussed, and the author aims to illustrate that OFDM is not the best wireless access technique for high speed transmission. Covering the latest technologies in the area, this book will be a valuable resource for graduate students of electrical and computer engineering as well as practitioners in the wir

Approaching wireless Internet security from the position of system architecture, this text describes the cryptographic and protocol-based tools for Internet security with a focus on understanding the system architecture of existing Internet security, and on developing architectural changes for new security services. Introducing the topics of security threats in wireless networks, security services for countering those threats, and the process of defining functional architecture for network systems, the author also discusses examples of wireless Internet security systems such as wireless network access control, local IP subnet configuration and address resolution, and location privacy. Each chapter describes the basic network architecture and protocols for the system under consideration, the security threats faced, a functional architecture, and the important Internet protocols that implement the architecture. This is an ideal resource for graduate students of electrical engineering and

Position estimation of wireless devices has many applications in short-range networks. Ultra-wideband (UWB) signals provide accurate positioning capabilities that can be harnessed in wireless systems to realise these applications. This text provides detailed coverage of UWB positioning systems, offering comprehensive treatment of signal and receiver design for ranging, range estimation techniques, theoretical performance bounds, ranging algorithms and protocols. Beginning with a discussion of the potential applications of wireless positioning, and investigating UWB signals for such applications, later chapters establish a signal processing framework for analysing UWB positioning and ranging systems. The recent IEEE 802.15.4a standard related to UWB is also studied in detail. Each chapter contains examples, problems and Matlab scripts to help readers grasp key concepts. This is an ideal text for graduate students and researchers in electrical and computer engineering, and practitioners

Future generations of wireless networks will place great demands on the performance of radio access technology. This book describes the features of various mobile access technologies and assesses their strengths and weaknesses. In particular, it describes the underlying principles and practical implementation schemes for time division duplexing (TDD). The book begins with an overview of next-generation wireless systems. It then describes the basics of duplex communication modes, interference in cellular systems, and multiple user access techniques. Focusing on TDD systems, dynamic channel assignment algorithms are discussed, as are multi-hop communications schemes, radio resource management, interference cancellation, and smart antennas. Real-world examples from UMTS, wireless LAN, and Bluetooth systems are described. The book is aimed at all those involved in the design and implementation of wireless systems, as well as at graduate students and researchers working in the area of wirel

This is the first self-contained text to consider security and non-cooperative behavior in wireless networks. Major networking trends are analyzed and their implications explained in terms of security and cooperation, and potential malicious and selfish misdeeds are described along with the existing and future security techniques. Fundamental questions of security including user and device identification; establishment of security association; secure and cooperative routing in multi-hop networks; fair bandwidth distribution; and privacy protection are approached from a theoretical perspective and supported by real-world examples including ad hoc, mesh, vehicular, sensor, and RFID networks. Important relationships between trust, security, and cooperation are also discussed. Contains homework problems and tutorials on cryptography and game theory. This text is suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students of electrical engineering and computer science, and researchers and pr

Iterative processing is an important technique with numerous applications. Exploiting the power of factor graphs, this detailed survey provides a general framework for systematically developing iterative algorithms for digital receivers, and highlights connections between important algorithms. Starting with basic concepts in digital communications, progressively more complex ideas are presented and integrated resulting in the development of cutting-edge algorithms for iterative receivers. Real-world applications are covered in detail, including decoding for turbo and LDPC codes, and detection for multi-antenna and multi-user systems. This accessible framework will allow the reader to apply factor graphs to practical problems, leading to the design of new algorithms in applications beyond digital receivers. With many examples and algorithms in pseudo-code, this book is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers in electrical engineering and computer science, and for pr

This 2007 book presents a developed general conceptual and basic quantitative analysis as well as the theory of mechanical efficiency of heat engines that a level of ideality and generality compatible with the treatment given to thermal efficiency in classical thermodynamics. This yields broad bearing results concerning the overall cyclic conversion of heat into usable mechanical energy. The work reveals intrinsic limits on the overall performance of reciprocating heat engines. The theory describes the general effects of parameters such as compression ratio and external or buffer pressure on engine output. It also provides rational explanations of certain operational characteristics such as how engines generally behave when supercharged or pressurized. The results also identify optimum geometric configurations for engines operating in various regimes from isothermal to adiabatic and are extended to cover multi-workspace engines and heat pumps. Limited heat transfer due to finite-time e

The increasing popularity of wireless networks makes interference and cross-talk between multiple systems inevitable. This book describes techniques for quantifying this, and the effects on the performance of wireless networks operating in the unlicensed bands. It also presents a variety of system-level solutions, obviating the need for new hardware implementations. The book starts with basic concepts and wireless protocols before moving on to interference performance evaluation, interference modeling, coexistence solutions, and concluding with common misconceptions and pitfalls. The theory is illustrated by reference to real-world systems such as Bluetooth and WiFi. With a number of case studies and many illustrations, this book will be of interest to graduate students in electrical engineering and computer science, to practitioners designing new WLAN and WPAN systems or developing new techniques for interference supression, and to general users of merging wireless technologies.

This book, designed for engineers, technicians, designers and operators working with electrical networks, contains theoretical and practical information on the design and set-up of protection systems.

The past decade has seen many advances in physical layer wireless communication theory and their implementation in wireless systems. This textbook takes a unified view of the fundamentals of wireless communication and explains the web of concepts underpinning these advances at a level accessible to an audience with a basic background in probability and digital communication. Topics covered include MIMO (multi-input, multi-output) communication, space-time coding, opportunistic communication, OFDM and CDMA. The concepts are illustrated using many examples from real wireless systems such as GSM, IS-95 (CDMA), IS-856 (1 x EV-DO), Flash OFDM and UWB (ultra-wideband). Particular emphasis is placed on the interplay between concepts and their implementation in real systems. An abundant supply of exercises and figures reinforce the material in the text. This book is intended for use on graduate courses in electrical and computer engineering and will also be of great interest to practising engi