Science Fictions: How Fraud

An insider’s view of science reveals why many scientific results are illusory―and how the field can be reformedScience is how we understand the world. Yet critical flaws in peer review, statistical me

An innovative new anthology exploring how science fiction can motivate new approaches to economics.From the libertarian economics of Ayn Rand to Aldous Huxley's consumerist dystopias, economics and sc

In a time of dazzling scientific progress, how can we separate genuine breakthroughs from the noisy gaggle of false claims? From Deepak Chopra's "quantum alternative to growing old" to unwarranted hy

Here, Horace Freeland Judson carefully details various types of scientific fraud and how they happen: considers science's self-government, including peer review and paper refereeing; and exposes the

Food Fraud provides an overview of the current state on the topic to help readers understand which products are being impacted, how pervasive food fraud is, and what laws are in effect across the deve

An innovative new anthology exploring how science fiction can motivate new approaches to economics.From the libertarian economics of Ayn Rand to Aldous Huxley's consumerist dystopias, economics and sc

知識是如何產出，又是如何出錯的？◎拯救科學的第一本書◎泰晤士報2020年度好書研究造假沸沸揚揚，怎麼會這樣？科學是我們認識世界的方法，但不論是國際社會或是台灣學界，不論是自然科學又或者社會科學，論文造假的新聞滿天飛。①2011年，一篇康乃爾大學頂尖心理學家的論文指出，大學生們都有通靈的能力。如此離譜的論文通過了同樣專業的研究人員審查，還刊載在一份相當重要的心理學期刊上。②一個調查檢視的3萬篇科學論文中，近一半的論文存在數值錯誤，其中15%的錯誤嚴重到足以完全顛倒研究結果。這樣的錯誤已經在醫學、物理學、經濟學、心理學等各個領域扭曲了我們的知識。本書指出，目前的學術補助和發表體系不僅無法保護我們避免錯誤，還積極鼓勵了糟糕的科學方法，並可能帶來致命的後果。科學出了什麼問題？倫敦大學國王學院講師史都華‧利奇在本書中盤點現今科學的重大問題：造假、偏見、無知與過度期待。作者也指出，現今的學術資助與研究審查系統不但無法改善，反而讓學術環境更加惡化。這些問題影響了醫藥、物理、營養、遺傳學與經濟學界，也深深地撼動了世界對科學的信任。如何修復科學科學雖然看起來千瘡百孔，但是它還有救。科學重新找回信任的第一步，是能夠辨識與修正那些讓研究偏離正軌的問題。作者在本書中為科學方法辯護，反對導致科學家違規的壓力和不當激勵因素。本書最後提供了如何看穿可疑研究，以及對抗學術壓力與扭曲誘因的方法，並指出了可能使科學重新具有可信性的改革方向。【媒體推薦】所有你聽過或沒聽過的重現失敗以及科學失能案例都在這裡……這是一份完整的災難、惡行與警世故事集。――《自然》詳細且有趣地描述了二十一世紀研究者面對的問題，對於想了解科學為何科學不再能夠回應理想的讀者，本書提供了極佳的引子。――《連線》雜誌令人耳目一新的證言……完整且詳細，令人信服且使人警醒。――《出版者周刊》利奇有著將無聊統計過程轉化為刺激偵探故事的能力。――《泰晤士報》極為重要的一本書……本書精彩的揭露了科學的弱點，而我們的生命財產以及整個社會全都倚賴科學。所有人都必須要讀的書。――亞當・拉塞福／《每個人的短歷史：人類基因的故事》作者聯合推薦蔡甫昌　台大醫學院教授、台大醫院倫理中心主任黃貞祥　清大生命科學系副教授

Discusses and uncovers the flaws in the scientific integrity system that is supposed to weed out fraud, but instead allows industry practices and government policies to line the pockets of those invol

In Science and Ethics, Bernard Rollin examines the ideology that denies the relevance of ethics to science. Providing an introduction to basic ethical concepts, he discusses a variety of ethical issues that are relevant to science and how they are ignored, to the detriment of both science and society. These include research on human subjects, animal research, genetic engineering, biotechnology, cloning, xenotransplantation, and stem cell research. Rollin also explores the ideological agnosticism that scientists have displayed regarding subjective experience in humans and animals, and its pernicious effect on pain management. Finally, he articulates the implications of the ideological denial of ethics for the practice of science itself in terms of fraud, plagiarism, and data falsification. In engaging prose and with philosophical sophistication, Rollin cogently argues in favor of making education in ethics part and parcel of scientific training.

In Science and Ethics, Bernard Rollin examines the ideology that denies the relevance of ethics to science. Providing an introduction to basic ethical concepts, he discusses a variety of ethical issues that are relevant to science and how they are ignored, to the detriment of both science and society. These include research on human subjects, animal research, genetic engineering, biotechnology, cloning, xenotransplantation, and stem cell research. Rollin also explores the ideological agnosticism that scientists have displayed regarding subjective experience in humans and animals, and its pernicious effect on pain management. Finally, he articulates the implications of the ideological denial of ethics for the practice of science itself in terms of fraud, plagiarism, and data falsification. In engaging prose and with philosophical sophistication, Rollin cogently argues in favor of making education in ethics part and parcel of scientific training.

Science, Reading, and Renaissance Literature brings together key works in early modern science and imaginative literature (from the anatomy of William Harvey and the experimentalism of William Gilbert to the fictions of Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser and Margaret Cavendish). The book documents how what have become our two cultures of belief define themselves through a shared aesthetics that understands knowledge as an act of making. Within this framework, literary texts gain substance and intelligibility by being considered as instances of early modern knowledge production. At the same time, early modern science maintains strong affiliations with poetry because it understands art as a basis for producing knowledge. In identifying these interconnections between literature and science, this book contributes to scholarship in literary history, history of reading and the book, science studies and the history of academic disciplines.

From Stargate and Droid to Zero Gravity and Force Field, this historical dictionary is filled with fun and fascinating entries on all things science fiction. It's a unique window into the entire genre, through the words invented and passed along by science fictions most talented writers, critics, and fans. Each entry includes numerous citations of the words usage, from the earliest known appearance forward. Drawn not only from science fiction novels and short stories, citations are also taken from mainstream publications, fanzines, screenplays, newspapers, comics, songs, and the Internet. This historical look at the language of science fiction shows how many of the words we consider everyday vocabulary, including spacesuit (1929), blast off (1937), and robot (1920), have roots in imaginative literature rather than hard science. In fact, science fiction has created a wealth of language later adopted by the sciences and popular culture. Also, it is often surprising how old some of these

Science, Reading, and Renaissance Literature brings together key works in early modern science and imaginative literature (from the anatomy of William Harvey and the experimentalism of William Gilbert to the fictions of Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser and Margaret Cavendish). The book documents how what have become our two cultures of belief define themselves through a shared aesthetics that understands knowledge as an act of making. Within this framework, literary texts gain substance and intelligibility by being considered as instances of early modern knowledge production. At the same time, early modern science maintains strong affiliations with poetry because it understands art as a basis for producing knowledge. In identifying these interconnections between literature and science, this book contributes to scholarship in literary history, history of reading and the book, science studies and the history of academic disciplines.

Scientific research is about discovering new things and applying them to improvements in life style for people and animals. But careers in science are now very demanding, requiring much more than a keen scientific mind and practical ability. If you are considering a career in research, have already embarked on your career and want to succeed, are uncertain which route to take, or advise, train or supervise scientists, this book should offer some helpful advice. It covers topics ranging from choosing a PhD or postdoctoral position, successful interviews and preparing your cv to managing your supervisor; how to give successful talks, publish high quality papers and get yourself known; and broad aspects of science which are so important today, including ethics and fraud, intellectual property and exploitation and disseminating science to the public.

Scientific research is about discovering new things and applying them to improvements in life style for people and animals. But careers in science are now very demanding, requiring much more than a keen scientific mind and practical ability. If you are considering a career in research, have already embarked on your career and want to succeed, are uncertain which route to take, or advise, train or supervise scientists, this book should offer some helpful advice. It covers topics ranging from choosing a PhD or postdoctoral position, successful interviews and preparing your cv to managing your supervisor; how to give successful talks, publish high quality papers and get yourself known; and broad aspects of science which are so important today, including ethics and fraud, intellectual property and exploitation and disseminating science to the public.

Most known for his creative fictions that tackle literary questions of authorship as well as more philosophical notions such as multiverse theory, Argentine author Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986) has captivated scholars from a variety of disciplines since his emergence on the international scene. However, much of the scholarship surrounding Borges does not focus on the reception of Borges's works in the fields of philosophy, the visual arts, film, political science, media theory, mathematics, and law, nor do it consider how his affiliations and interests changed over the course of his long life. In The Oxford Handbook of Jorge Luis Borges, editors Daniel Balderston and Nora Benedict, along with a team of international scholars, contextualize Jorge Luis Borges's work for a new generation of twenty-first-century readers and critics. This volume shifts the emphasis to Borges's working life, his writing processes, his collaborations and networks, and the political and cultural background of

Language and tradition have long been relegated to the sidelines as scholars have considered the role of politics, science, technology and economics in the making of the modern world. This reading of over two centuries of philosophy, political theory, anthropology, folklore and history argues that new ways of imagining language and representing supposedly premodern people - the poor, labourers, country folk, non-europeans and women - made political and scientific revolutions possible. The connections between language ideologies, privileged linguistic codes, and political concepts and practices shape the diverse ways we perceive ourselves and others. This 2003 book demonstrates that contemporary efforts to make schemes of social inequality based on race, gender, class and nationality seem compelling and legitimate, rely on deeply-rooted ideas about language and tradition. Showing how critics of modernity unwittingly reproduce these foundational fictions, it suggests strategies for chall