Computer Technology and Computer Programming

Language is integral to human doing, being, becoming and belonging, and its acquisition is naturally distributed in and across activity spaces over time. Different learning experiences form 'a dialectical unity', where one brings the others into existence, and the capacities fostered in one inform and transform those in the others. Thus, connected learning across time and space is fundamental to the coherence, relevance, and meaningfulness of language learning, yet is not given sufficient attention in second language education. Connected learning is particularly relevant in the GenAI era where learner-driven lifelong and lifewide learning is much emphasized. This Element hence conceptualizes the framework of connected language learning with technology, and discusses how the framework could be operationalized and implemented in teaching and learning. It further foregrounds four concepts in this learning framework - agential literacy, interest development, self-regulation support, and id

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a relatively new manufacturing technique that has gained significant industrial interest. AM is a key low-carbon manufacturing technology incorporating net-shaping whilst avoiding complex process chains. This manufacturing technique is appealing for a variety of applications, including aerospace, oil, gas, marine, automotive, biomedical, and nuclear, due to advantages such as component design freedom, component complexity, light weighting, toolless nature, part consolidation, and decreased material waste. To overcome the performance limitations and to take advantage of the alloy design opportunities provided by AM technology, a new generation of alloys suitable for AM is needed. In addition to this, optimising process parameters and microstructure evolution during AM can lead to improved mechanical, corrosion, fatigue, irradiation, and wear properties, amongst other benefits. With a view to select the best a