The line between history and hagiography in late antique and medieval writing is often permeable. The essays in this volume support the belief that the authors of both forms were aware of the distinct
Charlemagne and his learned entourage initiated a program to attract divine approval, and this became the Carolingian reform movement within which many bishops wrote letters to the priests under their
Linder, who is not identified, surveys the sources and publication of the texts of Christian rites devoted to the Crusades. In this first volume, he covers the five types of Holy Land liturgy that eme
