Multiscale Problems

A hands-on approach to historical linguistics, working through 101 problems in five different categories.This book offers a hands-on approach to historical linguistics, guiding the student through 101 problems in five different categories. These include 12 problems on the establishment of genetic relationship among languages, 24 problems on sound change, 35 problems on phonological reconstruction, 10 problems on internal reconstruction, and 20 problems on subgrouping. Each section begins with an introduction to the principles of historical linguistics as applied to the topic at hand. The problems come next, ordered by level of difficulty -- beginning, intermediate, advanced. The "Solutions" section at the end of the book provides answers.The book provides a consistent structure for each section, offering an overview of the topic followed by progressively difficult problems. Examples come from a wide range of languages, including Austronesian languages. The book provides explicit soluti

Language and Problems of Knowledge is Noam Chomsky's most accessible statement on the nature, origins, and current concerns of the field of linguistics.

During World War II, the Allied military forces faced severe problems integrating equipment, tactics, and logistics into successful combat operations. To help confront these problems, scientists and e

When organizations apply old methods of problem-solving to new kinds of problems, they may accomplish only temporary fixes or some ineffectual tinkering around the edges. Today's problems are a new br

Knowledge about environmental problems has expanded rapidly in recent decades, as have the number and variety of processes for making large-scale scientific assessments of those problems and their pos

Introducing a method for solving combinatorial optimisation problems that combines the techniques of constraint programming and local search. The ubiquity of combinatorial optimisation problems in our

Neural networks usually work adequately on small problems but can run into trouble when they are scaled up to problems involving large amounts of input data. Circuit Complexity and Neural Networks add

A summary of the findings of a 1972 workshop convened to study problems of coastal ecosystems. This volume summarizes the conclusions and recommendations of The Workshop on Critical Problems of the

For several decades, Dr. Morris has worked primarily with two problems: thedevelopment of a general theory of signs, and the development of a general theory of value. Heapproached both problems in ter

How people make decisions, size up situations, spot anomalies, and anticipate problems in real-world settings.Gary Klein, author of the bestselling Sources of Power, is the cognitive psychologist who discovered how people actually make decisions, particularly under time pressure and uncertainty. In Snapshots of the Mind, he offers a set of short essays―“snapshots” of different aspects of cognitive functioning in real-world settings that will help us learn to recognize the cognitive processes that underlie and drive performance. In these essays Klein provides practical tools for escaping fixation on initial hunches and learning to detect the ways that people make decisions, size up situations, spot anomalies, and anticipate problems. Snapshots of the Mind grows out of the Naturalistic Decision Making movement, which studies how decision makers handle uncertainty and complexity in high-stakes situations. In the essays, Klein examines how people make tough choices and assessments in the

Fundamental theory and practical algorithms of weakly supervised classification, emphasizing an approach based on empirical risk minimization.Standard machine learning techniques require large amounts of labeled data to work well. When we apply machine learning to problems in the physical world, however, it is extremely difficult to collect such quantities of labeled data. This book presents theory and algorithms for weakly supervised learning, a paradigm of machine learning from weakly labeled data. Emphasizing an approach based on empirical risk minimization and drawing on state-of-the-art research in weakly supervised learning, the book provides both the fundamentals of the field and the advanced mathematical theories underlying them. It can be used as a reference for practitioners and researchers and in the classroom.The book first mathematically formulates classification problems, defines common notations, and reviews various algorithms for supervised binary and multiclass classif

A comprehensive reference for financial economics, balancing theoretical explanations, empirical evidence, and the practical relevance of knowledge in the field. This volume offers a comprehensive, integrated treatment of financial economics, tracking the major milestones in the field and providing methodological tools. Doing so, it balances theoretical explanations, empirical evidence, and practical relevance. It illustrates nearly a century of theoretical advances with a vast array of models, showing how real phenomena (and, at times, market practice) have helped economists reformulate existing theories. Throughout, the book offers examples and solved problems that help readers understand the main lessons conveyed by the models analyzed. The book provides a unique and authoritative reference for the field of financial economics. Part I offers the foundations of the field, introducing asset evaluation, information problems in asset markets and corporate finance, and methods of stat

Philosophers discuss Jerome Wakefield's influential view of mental disorder as "harmful dysfunction," with detailed responses from Wakefield himself.One of the most pressing theoretical problems of ps

Leading economists address the ongoing challenges to economics in theory and practice in a time of political and economic crises. More than a decade of financial crises, sovereign debt problems, pol

Exploring how design can be used for good—prompting self-reflection, igniting the imagination, and affecting positive social change.Good design provides solutions to problems. It improves our building

A synthesis of biomechanics and neural control that draws on recent advances in robotics to address control problems solved by the human sensorimotor system. This book proposes a transdisciplinary a

The emergence of the environmental humanities as an academic discipline early in the twenty-first century reflects the growing conviction that environmental problems cannot be solved by science and te

In Philosophical Provocations, Colin McGinn offers a series of short, sharp essays that take on philosophical problems ranging from the concept of mind to paradox, altruism, and the relation between

Felix Muñoz-Garcia's Advanced Microeconomic Theory provides examples and exercises that help students understand how to apply theoretical models and offers tools for approaching similar problems on t

In Democratic Experiments, Brice Laurent discusses the challenges that emerging technologies create for democracy today. He focuses on nanotechnology and its attendant problems, proposing nanotechnol

This book offers a rigorous study of control, guidance, and coordination problems of an enterprise economy, with attention to the roles of money and financial institution

As the global economic crisis continues to cause damage, some policy makers have called for a more Keynesian approach to current economic problems. In this book, the economists Peter Temin and David V

Many important problems involve decision making under uncertainty -- that is, choosing actions based on often imperfect observations, with unknown outcomes. Designers of automated decision support sys

The Department of Defense and the military continually grapple with complex scientific, engineering, and technological problems. Defense systems analysis offers a way to reach a clearer understanding

The advent of widespread fast computing has enabled us to work on more complex problems and to build and analyze more complex models. This book provides an introduction to one of the primary methodolo

The United States and other advanced economies in the Eurozone and elsewhere facesevere fiscal problems. The United States is on an unsustainable dynamic path; absent correctivefiscal policies, federa

Dynamic allocation and pricing problems occur in numerous frameworks, including the pricing of seasonal goods in retail, the allocation of a fixed inventory in a given period of time, and the assignme

As the global economic crisis continues to cause damage, some policy makers havecalled for a more Keynesian approach to current economic problems. In this book, the economistsPeter Temin and David Vin

This book offers a unified, comprehensive, and up-to-date treatment of analytical andnumerical tools for solving dynamic economic problems. The focus is on introducing recursive methods-- an important

Energy innovation offers us our best chance to solve the three urgent andinterrelated problems of climate change, worldwide insecurity over energy supplies, and rapidlygrowing energy demand. But if we

Contrary to popular opinion, one of the main problems in providing uniformly excellent health care is not lack of money but lack of knowledge -- on the part of both doctors and patients. The studies i

Daniel Callahan helped invent the field of bioethics more than forty years ago whenhe decided to use his training in philosophy to grapple with ethical problems in biology andmedicine. Disenchanted wi

This solutions manual contains the full solutions to the odd-numbered problems in themain text.

How do different societies respond politically to environmental problems around theglobe? Answering this question requires systematic, cross-national comparisons of politicalinstitutions, regulatory s

Greater knowledge and transparency are often promoted as the keys to solving a widearray of governance problems. In Instituting Nature, Andrew Mathews describes Mexico's efforts overthe past hundred y

Greater knowledge and transparency are often promoted as the keys to solving a widearray of governance problems. In Instituting Nature, Andrew Mathews describes Mexico's efforts overthe past hundred y

Energy innovation offers us our best chance to solve the three urgent andinterrelated problems of climate change, worldwide insecurity over energy supplies, and rapidlygrowing energy demand. But if we

Contrary to popular opinion, one of the main problems in providing uniformlyexcellent health care is not lack of money but lack of knowledge -- on the part of both doctors andpatients. The studies in

This text offers a comprehensive presentation of the mathematics required to tackle problems in economic analysis. To give a better understanding of the mathematical concepts, the text follows the log

In Majority Judgment, Michel Balinski and Rida Laraki argue that the traditional theory of social choice offers no acceptable solution to the problems of how to elect, to judge, or to rank. They find