Understanding Language Testing

A survey of computational methods for understanding, generating, and manipulating human language, which offers a synthesis of classical representations and algorithms with contemporary machine learnin

Understanding speech in our native tongue seems natural and effortless; listening to speech in a nonnative language is a different experience. In this book, Anne Cutler argues that listening to speech

Understanding speech in our native tongue seems natural and effortless; listening tospeech in a nonnative language is a different experience. In this book, Anne Cutler argues thatlistening to speech i

A human-inspired, linguistically sophisticated model of language understanding for intelligent agent systems.One of the original goals of artificial intelligence research was to endow intelligent agen

Design for testability techniques offer one approach toward alleviating this situation by adding enough extra circuitry to a circuit or chip to reduce the complexity of testing. Today's computers mu

What is language? Can we distinguish language from general cognition? Is language an isolable, biologically coherent system? Does the linguistic description of language as an autonomous system, formed

What is it about humans that makes language possible, and what is it about language that makes us human?If you are reading this, you have done something that only our species has evolved to do. You have acquired a natural language. This book asks, How has this changed us?Where scholars have long wondered what it is about humans that makes language possible, N. J. Enfield and Jack Sidnell ask instead, What is it about humans that is made possible by language? In Consequences of Language their objective is to understand what modern language really is and to identify its logical and conceptual consequences for social life. Central to this undertaking is the concept of intersubjectivity, the open sharing of subjective experience. There is, Enfield and Sidnell contend, a uniquely human form of intersubjectivity, and it is essentially intertwined with language in two ways: a primary form of intersubjectivity was necessary for language to have begun evolving in our species in the first place

A new edition of a comprehensive introduction to the philosophy of language, substantially updated and reorganized.The philosophy of language aims to answer a broad range of questions about the nature

A unique overview of the human language faculty at all levels of organization. Language is not only one of the most complex cognitive functions that we command, it is also the aspect of the mind tha

An introduction to applying predicate logic to testing and verification of software and digital circuits that focuses on applications rather than theory.Computer scientists use logic for testing and v

A book that uses domain-general learning theory to explain recurrent trajectories of language change.In this book, Vsevolod Kapatsinski argues that language acquisition—often approached as an isolated

A work that reveals the profound links between the evolution, acquisition, and processing of language, and proposes a new integrative framework for the language sciences.Language is a hallmark of the

In this book, Andrew Inkpin considers the disclosive function of language -- what language does in revealing or disclosing the world. His approach to this question is a phenomenological one, centering

We are born crying, but those cries signal the first stirring of language. Within a year or so, infants master the sound system of their language; a few years after that, they are engaging in conversa

Adults who want to learn a foreign language are often discouraged because they believe they cannot acquire a language as easily as children. Once they begin to learn a language, adults may be further

How is the information we gather from the world through our sensory and motorapparatus converted into language? It is obvious that there is an interface between language andsensorimotor cognition beca

The pioneering linguist Benjamin Whorf (1897--1941) grasped the relationship betweenhuman language and human thinking: how language can shape our innermost thoughts. His basic thesisis that our percep

In Language and Equilibrium, Prashant Parikh offers a new account of meaning for natural language. He argues that equilibrium, or balance among multiple interacting forces, is a key attribute of lang

The nature of the interplay between language learning and the evolution of a language over generational time is subtle. We can observe the learning of language by children and marvel at the phenomeno

The nature of the interplay between language learning and the evolution of a language over generational time is subtle. We can observe the learning of language by children and marvel at the phenomenon

Language policy is a sensitive issue in most countries. In countries where more than one language is spoken -- the vast majority -- language policies affect the ability of individuals and groups to pa

Language policy is a sensitive issue in most countries. In countries where more thanone language is spoken -- the vast majority -- language policies affect the ability of individualsand groups to part

This work elucidates the structure and complexity of human language in terms of the mathematics of information and computation. It strengthens Chomsky's early work on the mathematics of language, with

One of life's mysteries is how all normal children come to understand and speak their native language as quickly, easily, and spontaneously as they routinely do. The Language Lottery theorizes that li

The pioneering linguist Benjamin Whorf (1897--1941) grasped therelationship between human language and human thinking: how language can shape ourinnermost thoughts. His basic thesis is that our percep

An accessible introduction to the study of language in the brain, covering language processing, language acquisition, literacy, and language disorders.Neurolinguistics, the study of language in the brain, describes the anatomical structures (networks of neurons in the brain) and physiological processes (ways for these networks to be active) that allow humans to learn and use one or more languages. It draws on neuroscience, linguistics―particularly theoretical linguistics―and other disciplines. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Giosuè Baggio offers an accessible introduction to the fundamentals of neurolinguistics, covering language processing, language acquisition, literacy, and speech and language disorders. Baggio first surveys the evolution of the field, describing discoveries by Paul Broca, Carl Wernicke, Noam Chomsky, and others. He discusses mapping language in “brain time” and “brain space” and the constraints of neurolinguistic models. Considering la

A data-driven exploration of how children’s language learning varies across different languages, providing both a theoretical framework and reference.The Wordbank Project examines variability and cons

Why language ability remains resilient and how it shapes our lives.We acquire our native language, seemingly without effort, in infancy and early childhood. Language is our constant companion througho

Why language ability remains resilient and how it shapes our lives. We acquire our native language, seemingly without effort, in infancy and early childhood. Language is our constant companion throu

How new biomedical technologies—from prenatal testing to gene-editing techniques—require us to imagine who counts as human and what it means to belong.From next-generation prenatal tests, to virtual c

An introduction to natural language semantics that offers an overview of the empirical domain and an explanation of the mathematical concepts that underpin the discipline.

A novel theoretical framework for an embodied, non-representational approach to language that extends and deepens enactive theory, bridging the gap between sensorimotor skills and language.Linguistic

How highly abstract quantum concepts were represented in language, and how these concepts were later taken up by philosophers, literary critics, and new-age gurus.The principles of quantum physics --

Language makes us human. It is an intrinsic part of us, although we seldom think about it. Language is also an extremely complex entity with subcomponents responsible for its phonological, syntactic,

All languages have exceptions alongside overarching rules and regularities. How does a young child tease them apart within just a few years of language acquisition? In th

In an era of globalization, issues of language diversity have economic and political implications. Transnational labor mobility, trade, social inclusion of migrants, demo

Many beginning students in philosophy of language find themselves grappling with dense and difficult texts not easily understood by someone new to the field. This book of

Language is a hallmark of the human species; the flexibility and unbounded expressivity of our linguistic abilities is unique in the biological world. In this book, Morten Christiansen and Nick Chater

Scholars have long been captivated by the parallels between birdsong and human speech and language. In this book, leading scholars draw on the latest research to explore what birdsong can tell us abou

This volume offers new research in cognitive science by leading scholars, exploring different areas of cognition with an emphasis on language. The contributions -- in such fields as linguistic theory,