The past decade has brought an increasing recognition to the importance of pension systems to the economic stability of nations and the security of their aging populations. During this time, the World
Tree-based production systems have enormous potential to reduce vulnerability and increase the resilience of households living in dryland regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Trees are key providers of biom
Urban transport systems are essential for economic development and improving citizens' quality of life. To establish high-quality and affordable transport systems, cities must ensure their financial s
'Financial Management Information Systems and Open Budget Data: Do governments report on where the money goes?' is a World Bank Study, initiated in 2012 after an extended stocktaking exercise, to expl
The successful development of children and young people requires that we protect and nurture a set of interrelated physiological, cognitive, and socio-emotional systems. What happens to these systems
This collection of articles on the institutional and technical challenges governments confront when building monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems is intended to be readable for non-experts. The
Discovering the Real World is part of the World Bank Working Paper series. These papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's ongoing research and to stimulate public discussion.This
Alternative Remittance Systems and Terrorism Financing: Issues in Risk Management is part of the World Bank Working Paper series. These papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's on
The recent crises underscore the need for modern, sophisticated systems to govern the resolution of business distress, in order to maximize value in the distressed estate and to protect economic insti
A longstanding debate on health system organization relates to the benefits of integrating programs that emphasize specific interventions into mainstream health systems to increase access and improve
A growing number of governments are working to improve their performance by creating systems to measure and help them understand their performance. These systems for monitoring and evaluation (M and E
Although necessary and often first rate, technocratic solutions alone have been ineffective in delivering real change or lasting results in governance reforms. This is primarily because reform program
This paper explores an area of tertiary education that is currently understudied—the extent and nature of differentiation and articulation in African tertiary education systems. The overall finding of
This study finds that pension reforms in recent years have improved the efficiency and sustainability of pension systems in the new member states of the European Union and Croatia. However, for many c
This volume, from the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) of the World Bank, details how governments in developing countries can strengthen their monitoring and evaluation systems and capacities. It sy
Presented by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and aimed at policy makers, this volume describes quality systems for private sector development, with a focus on
Access for All: Building Inclusive Financial Systems outlines the "new" vision of microfinance, laying out in plain language what CGAP and others in the development field have learned over the past 10
This title examines the links between gender, time use, and poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa. It contributes to a broader definition of poverty to include "time poverty", and to a broader definition of w
'Judicial Systems in Transition Economies' looks at the experience of countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the Baltics (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as they reform thei
This is the first comprehensive assessment of pension systems in the Middle East and North Africa. While other regions—Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America, in particular—have been actively
Financial disclosure systems are a vital component of transparency. By now 161 countries around the world have introduced financial disclosure systems, becoming commonplace around the world. But, alth
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) operates one of the largest nongovernmental school systems in the Middle East. Palestine refugees in UNRWA sc
Water systems are building blocks for poverty alleviation, shared growth, sustainable development and green growth strategies. They require data from in-situ observation networks. Budgetary and other
Europe’s pension systems –among the most celebrated features of its social welfare model— face tremendous challenges. With only 11 percent of the world’s population, Europe spends about 60 percent of
Since the 1990s, the financial systems in developing and developed countries have gained in soundness, depth, and diversity, prompted in part by a series of financial sector and macroeconomic reforms
The 2008 financial crisis has highlighted the challenges associated with global financial integration and has emphasized the importance of macro financial linkages. Specifically it has shown how real
Income and asset disclosure systems (IAD) are gaining prominence as a tool in the fight against corruption, and have the potential to support efforts in both prevention and enforcement. They are inten
This book serves as a toolkit on risk-based audits and brings together country experiences for implementing risk-based audit systems. Risk management is an important element of effective and efficient
A growing number of cities around the world have established systems for monitoring the quality of urban life. Many of those systems combine objective information with subjective opinions and cover a
This book aims to help governments and public authorities to establish effective light rail-light metro transit (LRMT) systems, and focuses on use of Public Private Participation (PPP) arrangements. R
This book aims to help governments and public authorities to establish effective light rail-light metro transit (LRMT) systems, and focuses on use of Public Private Participation (PPP) arrangements. R
Africa's Infrastructure: A Time for Transformation reflects the collaboration of a wide array of African regional institutions and development partners under the auspices of the Infrastructure Consor
What are the ideal roles the mass media should play as an institution to strengthen democratic governance and thus bolster human development? Under what conditions do media systems succeed or fail to
'Courage and Hope' gives voice to the real life experiences of 12 HIV-positive teachers—5 of whom are women—from Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania, and Zambia
There is an increasing consensus in the scientific community that climate change is a real and present threat. Despite the large uncertainty on the timing, magnitude and even the direction of some of
The countries of Southeast Europe have undergone a significant transition over the past decade. Helped by macroeconomic stabilization and efforts in advancing structural reforms, real GDP growth has p
Tanzania's annual real economic growth rate has in recent years been between 6 and 7 percent with Gross National Income equivalent to about US$340 per person. A “hidden” economy could potentially have
'Making Finance Work for Africa' takes a panoramic view of Africa's financial systems, both at the large scale ('finance for growth') and the small scale ('finance for all').Things are changing for th
This book reviews the role of addressing within the array of urban management tools and explores the links between addressing and civic identity, urban information systems, support to municipal servic
Advocates of pluralist, competitive politics have regarded decentralization as a device for deepening democracy or for prying closed systems open and to give interest groups space in which to organize
