C Programming Language

Humanity today functions as a gigantic, world-encompassing system. Renowned world historian, Patrick Manning traces how this human system evolved from Homo Sapiens' beginnings over 200,000 years ago right up to the present day. He focuses on three great shifts in the scale of social organization - the rise of syntactical language, of agricultural society, and today's newly global social discourse - and links processes of social evolution to the dynamics of biological and cultural evolution. Throughout each of these shifts, migration and social diversity have been central, and social institutions have existed in a delicate balance, serving not just their own members but undergoing regulation from society. Integrating approaches from world history, environmental studies, biological and cultural evolution, social anthropology, sociology, and evolutionary linguistics, Patrick Manning offers an unprecedented account of the evolution of humans and our complex social system and explores the c

《中學英語聽力循序漸進》是一套以聽力技巧為基礎的中學聽力教材，分為4個級別，涉及眾多對學生生活富有意義的活動和話題。中的聽力材料鮮活地道，均來自現實生活，包括社交會話、資訊交流、廣播以及通知等。每本教材有11-12單元，分A 、B、C三課，每課兩面，是一套易教易學的理想聽力教材。 《中學英語聽力循序漸進》具有以下特點： Language Focus板塊能提高學生對重點語法及功能專案的敏感度； Co

Thomas Arnold (1795–1842) published Volume 1 of his edition of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War in 1830. It contains the first three books of the History, covering the causes of the war (which began in 431 B.C.E.), and continuing up to the Athenian purification of Delos in 425 B.C.E. The text and apparatus closely follow Bekker's 1821 critical edition. However, Arnold freshly collated a number of Greek manuscripts, including the important tenth-century Laurentian manuscript C for Book 3, which led to some revision of Bekker's text. Arnold's major contribution to Thucydidean scholarship lies in the detailed topographical and historical notes accompanying the text, which explain its geographical and political background. For many generations Arnold's work has provided an indispensable guide through the complex geo-political context of the History, enabling students to appreciate its narrative, language and place in historiography.

The famous scholar of Indo-European syntax Berthold Delbrück (1842–1922) published this study of Sanskrit syntax in 1888. It focuses on the stage of the language that was termed 'Vedic' by the Indian grammarian Panini (c. 400 BCE). Delbrück's intention was to describe that material as clearly and thoroughly as possible in order to facilitate future comparative or in-depth studies. The book begins with chapters devoted to basic sentence structure and word order, before moving on to number, gender, case, declension of nouns, and then adjectives, adverbs, pronouns and verbs with their tenses, moods and conjugations. Prepositions and particles follow, and the book ends with discussion of subordinate clauses and other complex structures. The grammatical points are illustrated by numerous text examples, with references and translations into German, and there are thorough indexes of words and of textual passages cited.

This book examines from a multidisciplinary viewpoint the question of what we mean - what we should mean - by setting sustainability as a goal for environmental management. The author, trained as a philosopher of science and language, explores ways to break down the disciplinary barriers to communication and deliberation about environment policy, and to integrate science and evaluations into a more comprehensive environmental policy. Choosing sustainability as the keystone concept of environmental policy, the author explores what we can learn about sustainable living from the philosophy of pragmatism, from ecology, from economics, from planning, from conservation biology and from related disciplines. The idea of adaptive, or experimental, management provides the context, while insights from various disciplines are integrated into a comprehensive philosophy of environmental management. The book will appeal to students and professionals in the fields of environmental policy and ethics, c

This book examines from a multidisciplinary viewpoint the question of what we mean - what we should mean - by setting sustainability as a goal for environmental management. The author, trained as a philosopher of science and language, explores ways to break down the disciplinary barriers to communication and deliberation about environment policy, and to integrate science and evaluations into a more comprehensive environmental policy. Choosing sustainability as the keystone concept of environmental policy, the author explores what we can learn about sustainable living from the philosophy of pragmatism, from ecology, from economics, from planning, from conservation biology and from related disciplines. The idea of adaptive, or experimental, management provides the context, while insights from various disciplines are integrated into a comprehensive philosophy of environmental management. The book will appeal to students and professionals in the fields of environmental policy and ethics, c

Statistics do not lie, nor is probability paradoxical. You just have to have the right intuition. In this lively look at both subjects, David Williams convinces mathematics students of the intrinsic interest of statistics and probability, and statistics students that the language of mathematics can bring real insight and clarity to their subject. He helps students build the intuition needed, in a presentation enriched with examples drawn from all manner of applications, e.g., genetics, filtering, the Black–Scholes option-pricing formula, quantum probability and computing, and classical and modern statistical models. Statistics chapters present both the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches, emphasising Confidence Intervals rather than Hypothesis Test, and include Gibbs-sampling techniques for the practical implementation of Bayesian methods. A central chapter gives the theory of Linear Regression and ANOVA, and explains how MCMC methods allow greater flexibility in modelling. C or WinBUG

Statistics do not lie, nor is probability paradoxical. You just have to have the right intuition. In this lively look at both subjects, David Williams convinces mathematics students of the intrinsic interest of statistics and probability, and statistics students that the language of mathematics can bring real insight and clarity to their subject. He helps students build the intuition needed, in a presentation enriched with examples drawn from all manner of applications, e.g., genetics, filtering, the Black–Scholes option-pricing formula, quantum probability and computing, and classical and modern statistical models. Statistics chapters present both the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches, emphasising Confidence Intervals rather than Hypothesis Test, and include Gibbs-sampling techniques for the practical implementation of Bayesian methods. A central chapter gives the theory of Linear Regression and ANOVA, and explains how MCMC methods allow greater flexibility in modelling. C or WinBUG

In this collection of critical essays, Barry Schwabsky re-examines the art produced since the 1960s, demonstrating how the achievements of 'high modernism' remain consequential to it, through tensions between representation, abstraction, and pictorial language. Offering close readings of works produced by several generations of European and American artists, he begins with an analysis of the late period of two Abstract Expressionists, Philip Guston and Mark Rothko, who saw their own success as a failure of reception and who came to question radically their own work. With the core of the book focused on Michelangelo Pistoletto and Mel Bochner, major figures of arte povera and conceptual art whose works in a variety of media demonstrate a continuing critical engagement with modernism, Schwabsky also studies the work of artists, such as L. C. Armstrong and Rainer Ganahl, who also continued to examine modernism's legacies.

This volume makes a powerful argument for epitome (combining textual dismemberment and re-composition ) as a broad hermeneutic field encompassing multifarious historical, conceptual and aesthetical concerns. The contributors gather from across the globe to present case studies of the 'summing up' of cultural artefacts, literary and artistic, in epitomic writing, and as a collective they demonstrate the importance of this genre that has been largely overlooked by scholars.The volume is divided into five sections: the first showcases the broad range of fields from which epitomic analysis can be made, from classics to postmodernism to cultural memory studies; the second focuses in on epitome as dismemberment in writing from late antiquity to the modern day; the third considers a 'productive negativity' of epitomic writings and how they are useful tools for investigating the very borders and paradoxes of language; the fourth brings this to bear on materiality; the fifth considers re-c

Turkic is one of the world's major language families, comprising a high number of distinct languages and varieties that display remarkable similarities and notable differences. Written by a leading expert in the field, this landmark work provides an unrivalled overview of multiple features of Turkic, covering structural, functional, historical, sociolinguistic and literary aspects. It presents the history and cultures of the speakers, structures, and use of the whole set of languages within the family, including Turkish, Azeri, Turkmen, Tatar, Kazakh, Uzbek, and Uyghur, and gives a comprehensive overview of published works on Turkic languages, large and small. It also provides an innovative theoretical framework, employing a unified terminology and transcription, to give new insights into the Turkic linguistic type. Requiring no previous knowledge of the Turkic languages, it will be welcomed by both general readers, as well as academic researchers and students of linguistic typology, c

Throughout the Renaissance, composers often expressed themselves in a language of riddles and puzzles, which they embedded within the music and lyrics of their compositions. This is the first book on the theory, practice and cultural context of musical riddles during the period. Katelijne Schiltz focuses on the compositional, notational, practical, social and theoretical aspects of musical riddle culture c.1450–1620, from the works of Antoine Busnoys, Jacob Obrecht and Josquin des Prez to Lodovico Zacconi's manuscript collection of Canoni musicali. Schiltz reveals how the riddle both invites and resists interpretation, the ways in which riddles imply a process of transformation and the consequences of these aspects for the riddle's conception, performance and reception. Lavishly illustrated and including a comprehensive catalogue by Bonnie J. Blackburn of enigmatic inscriptions, this book will be of interest to scholars of music, literature, art history, theology and the history of ide

Attention to cultural variation has become an important source of insight in the social, behavioural, and health sciences. Mixed methods research provides an especially sensitive and powerful way to make systematic cross-cultural comparisons, in which qualitative approaches give a window onto cultural meaning and the phenomenological 'feel' of social life, and quantitative methods facilitate hypothesis testing and sophisticated modelling of social and behavioural phenomena. For researchers engaged in cross-cultural projects, this book offers a theory-based approach to integrating 'numbers' and 'text' based on discourse as the originary form of data collection, the method and framework of analysis, and the medium of publication. The book provides concise explanations, targeted examples, step-by-step instructions, and actual analyses of cross-cultural, quantitative survey data and qualitative interview data, with special attention to language(s) and translation as clues to the study of c

Throughout the Renaissance, composers often expressed themselves in a language of riddles and puzzles, which they embedded within the music and lyrics of their compositions. This is the first book on the theory, practice and cultural context of musical riddles during the period. Katelijne Schiltz focuses on the compositional, notational, practical, social and theoretical aspects of musical riddle culture c.1450–1620, from the works of Antoine Busnoys, Jacob Obrecht and Josquin des Prez to Lodovico Zacconi's manuscript collection of Canoni musicali. Schiltz reveals how the riddle both invites and resists interpretation, the ways in which riddles imply a process of transformation and the consequences of these aspects for the riddle's conception, performance and reception. Lavishly illustrated and including a comprehensive catalogue by Bonnie J. Blackburn of enigmatic inscriptions, this book will be of interest to scholars of music, literature, art history, theology and the history of ide

Sir Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge (1857–1934) was a prominent English Egyptologist who was Keeper of the Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities in the British Museum between 1893 and 1924. Although better known for his contributions to Egyptology, Budge was also a scholar of the ancient Assyrian language, which he first learnt in 1874. This book, first published in 1880, contains cuneiform inscriptions from artefacts in the British Museum, relating to the Assyrian king Esarhaddon (reigned c.681–669 BCE). They recount Esarhaddon's royal titles, describe his military campaigns in modern Iran and Egypt, and list the monumental buildings in Babylon rebuilt during his reign. Budge provides transliterations and English translations, a vocabulary, and a list of texts consulted. This was the first scholarly study of Esarhaddon, and some of Budge's translations proved controversial. The interest it aroused resulted in increased academic study and translation of cuneiform artefact

The English Franciscan William of Ockham (c.1285–1347) was one of the most influential philosophers and theologians in late medieval Europe. Fresh scholarship has shown his profound impact on logic, metaphysics, epistemology and the philosophy of language in the late Middle Ages and beyond. Following a dispute between the papacy and his Order, Ockham abandoned his academic career and devoted himself to anti-papal polemics. Scholars have produced divergent and often contradictory interpretations of Ockham as a political thinker: a destructive critic of the medieval Church, a medieval Catholic traditionalist, the Franciscan ideologue, and a constitutional liberal. This 2007 book offers a fresh reappraisal of Ockham's political thought by approaching his anti-papal writings as a series of polemical responses. His aggressive and persistent attack on the papacy emerges in this study as an attempt to rescue the ethical foundations of the Christian society from the political influences of her

This posthumous volume, published in 1895, contains two lectures delivered in the 1880s by the biblical scholar F. J. A. Hort, Professor of Divinity at Cambridge. In these lectures, Hort addresses the question of the dating of Romans and Ephesians, their purpose, and their original readership. He examines their context in the relationship of Judaism to Christianity in the Apostolic period and the difference between Gentile, Judaistic and Roman Christianity. By treating the Epistles as historical as well as religious artefacts and analysing their language and grammar as well as content, Hort argues for the authenticity of both texts and therefore for a first-century dating. The dating of the New Testament was a central concern of Hort toward the end of his career, and he argued against F. C. Baur and the Tübingen school, who placed it in the second century. These lectures present evidence to support his argument.

The New Cambridge Shakespeare appeals to students worldwide for its up-to-date scholarship and emphasis on performance. The series features line-by-line commentaries and textual notes on the plays and poems. Introductions are regularly refreshed with accounts of new critical, stage and screen interpretations. Edited and introduced by William C. Carroll, this edition of Love's Labour Lost features a lively account of the play's performance history from 1632 to the present day. Stage and screen productions of the late twentieth century receive particular attention and a range of international performances are also explored. New trends in the scholarly criticism are discussed in the introduction, as are the play's sources and historical contexts. Carroll's text is freshly edited from the First Quarto, published in 1598, and presents a highly readable modernised edition of Love's Labour Lost; a play known for its unorthodox ending and extraordinary use of language.

The Transactions of the Royal Historical Society publish an annual collection of major articles representing some of the best historical research by some of the world's most distinguished historians. The volume includes the following articles: Presidential Address: Britain and Globalisation since 1850: III. Creating the World of Bretton Woods, 1939–1958 Martin Daunton; High and Low: Ties of Dependence in the Frankish Kingdoms (The Alexander Prize Essay) Alice Rio; Text, Visualisation and Politics: London, 1150–1250 Derek Keene; Centre and Periphery in the European Book World Andrew Pettegree; A Tale of Two Episcopal Surveys: The Strange Fates of Edmund Grindal and Cuthbert Mayne Revisited (The Prothero Lecture) Peter Lake; The Language and Symbolism of Conquest in Ireland, c. 1790–1850 Jacqueline Hill; Writing War: Autobiography, Modernity and Wartime Narrative in Nationalist China, 1937–1946 Rana Mitter; The Death of a Consumer Society Matthew Hilton; Report of Council for 2007–2008.

Chrodegang of Metz (c. 712–766) was a leading figure of the late Merovingian and early Carolingian Church. Born to one of the principal aristocratic families in Austrasia, he served as referendary of Charles Martel, and was appointed bishop of Metz in the 740s. As bishop, Chrodegang became one of the foremost churchmen in Francia, chairing councils, founding monasteries, and beginning a reform of the lives of the canons of the Metz cathedral. This book is a major study in the English language on Chrodegang, examining his preoccupation with the creation of communities of faith and concord modelled on the early Church. It explores his attempts to unite the Frankish episcopacy, his rule for the cathedral clergy in Metz - the Regula canonicorum - and his introduction of new liturgical practices that sought to transform his see into a hagiopolis, a holy city which provided a model for later Carolingian reform.

本書是由上海市外語口譯資格證書專家組成員和長期從事英語中級翻譯教學的資深教師共同編寫的，系上海市英語口譯資格證書專家組教材編委會指定的應試培訓輔導教材。 本書在總的體系上與《中級英語口譯教程》結構一致，共分16單元。每單元的主要內容與教程相匹配。針對教程每一單元的Section A和Section C本書安排了Language Points一項，旨在通過“旁征博引”的應用性實例，來解釋文中重要的句

To understand the role of language in public life and the social process in general, we need first a closer understanding of how linguistic knowledge and social factors interact in discourse interpretation. This volume is a major advance towards that understanding. Professor Gumperz here synthesizes fundamental research on communication from a wide variety of disciplines - linguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropology and non-verbal communication - and develops an original and broadly based theory of conversational inference which shows how verbal communication can serve either between individuals of different social and ethnic backgrounds. The urgent need to overcome such barriers to effective communication is also a central concern of the book. Examples of conversational exchanges as well as of longer encounters, recorded in the urban United States, village Austria, South Asia and Britain, and analyzed to illustrate all aspects of the analytical approach, and to show how subconscious c

Before Bharathi, Tamil writers considered writing in a way readers cannot understand as a mark of punditry. It was almost a tradition to employ a difficult style to explain even a simple matter. After showing the readers how involuted and difficult the styles of writers before Bharathi were, Vallikannan discusses the innovative features of Bharathi and the impact they made on his successors. He discusses the individualistic features of several great writers of Tamil fiction and their contribution to the development of Tamil as a language reflecting modernity and capable of coping with the knowledge explosion witnessed up to the present day.The book discusses the works of the stalwarts of Tamil fiction: Kalki, Puthumaipithan, Ku. Pa. Rajagopalan, La. Sa. Ra., Mouni, Jayakanthan, Sujatha and many more including a few Sri Lankan Tamil writers. Apart from these, Vallikannan has made an incisive study of the oratorical style of C. N. Annadurai, one of the most accomplished statesmen of Tami

This initial book in the groundbreaking new series Illuminating Women Artists is the first English-language monograph on the extraordinary Spanish Baroque sculptor Luisa Rold n. Luisa Rold n (1652-1706), also known as La Roldana, was an accomplished Spanish Baroque artist, much admired during her lifetime for her exquisitely crafted and painted wood and terracotta sculptures. Rold n trained under her father and worked in Seville, C diz, and Madrid. She even served as sculptor to the royal chambers of two kings of Spain. Yet despite her great artistry and achievements, she has been largely forgotten by modern art history. Written for art lovers of all backgrounds, this beautifully illustrated book offers an important perspective that has been missing--a deeper understanding of the opportunities, and the challenges, facing a woman artist in Rold n's time. With attention to the historical and social dynamics of her milieu, this volume places Rold n's work in context alongside that of othe

From the "genius of the short story," a collection illuminating the lives of the Egyptian lower class by one of the most important and innovative voices of Egyptian literatureA Penguin ClassicOne of Egypt's most acclaimed and well-known authors, Yusuf Idris is heralded as a "renovator and genius of the short story" whose signature stylistic device--the combination of literary and colloquial language à la Huckleberry Finn--transformed Arabic literature.The Cheapest Nightsis a collection of some of his most important works, the title story of which follows a man who, unable to sleep, angrily meditates on the state of his life and the extreme poverty in which he finds himself. With compassion, astute observational skills, and biting humor, Idris explores the fraught lives of the Egyptian working class, all the while turning a critical eye on the power structures that oppress them. His collection of short stories, with a foreword by author Ezzedine C. Fishere, is a piercing exploration of

This edition presents the manuscript of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, the earliest full version of the novel that survives. Study of this manuscript reveals much about the composition of the novel - about the development of its characters and themes and the revision of its language. Fitzgerald reworked the manuscript, putting it through several drafts and continuing to edit until a few weeks before publication. The period of its creation was an amalgamation of his talent, inspiration, and self-discipline which resulted in a masterpiece. An introduction by James L. W. West, III, the general editor of the series, gives the compositional history of the novel; a bibliographical commentary by Don C. Skemer, Curator of Manuscripts at Princeton University Library, describes the manuscript and gives the story of its preservation, acquisition, and restoration. The reading text is presented without emendation and with a minimum of editorial apparatus. This edition will allow critics, t

The ancient Anatolian city of Kanesh (present-day Kültepe, Turkey) was a continuously inhabited site from the early Bronze Age through Roman times. The city flourished c.2000–1750 BCE as an Old Assyrian trade outpost and the earliest attested commercial society in world history. More than 23,000 elaborate clay tablets from private merchant houses provide a detailed description of a system of long-distance trade that reached from central Asia to the Black Sea region and the Aegean. The texts record common activities such as trade between Kanesh and the city state of Assur, and between Assyrian merchants and local people. The tablets tell us about the economy as well as the culture, language, religion, and private lives of individuals we can identify by name, occupation, and sometimes even personality. This book presents an in-depth account of this vibrant Bronze Age Anatolian society, revealing the daily lives of its inhabitants.

The ancient Anatolian city of Kanesh (present-day Kültepe, Turkey) was a continuously inhabited site from the early Bronze Age through Roman times. The city flourished c.2000–1750 BCE as an Old Assyrian trade outpost and the earliest attested commercial society in world history. More than 23,000 elaborate clay tablets from private merchant houses provide a detailed description of a system of long-distance trade that reached from central Asia to the Black Sea region and the Aegean. The texts record common activities such as trade between Kanesh and the city state of Assur, and between Assyrian merchants and local people. The tablets tell us about the economy as well as the culture, language, religion, and private lives of individuals we can identify by name, occupation, and sometimes even personality. This book presents an in-depth account of this vibrant Bronze Age Anatolian society, revealing the daily lives of its inhabitants.

As the first full-length study of twentieth-century American legal academics wrestling with the problem of free will versus determinism in the context of criminal responsibility, this book deals with one of the most fundamental problems in criminal law. Thomas Andrew Green chronicles legal academic ideas from the Progressive Era critiques of free will-based (and generally retributive) theories of criminal responsibility to the midcentury acceptance of the idea of free will as necessary to a criminal law conceived of in practical moral-legal terms that need not accord with scientific fact to the late-in-century insistence on the compatibility of scientific determinism with moral and legal responsibility and with a modern version of the retributivism that the Progressives had attacked. Foregrounding scholars' language and ideas, Green invites readers to participate in reconstructing an aspect of the past that is central to attempts to work out bases for moral judgment, legal blame, and c

Shakespeare's knowledge of the practices of visual art, its fundamental concepts and the surrounding debates is clear from his earliest works. This book explores this relationship, showing how key works develop visual compositions as elements of dramatic movement, construction of ideas, and reflections on the artifice of theatre and language. The Taming of the Shrew, Love's Labour's Lost, Richard II and A Midsummer Night's Dream are explored in detail, offering new insights into their forms, themes, and place in European traditions. The use of emblems is examined in Titus Andronicus and As You Like It; studies of Venus and Adonis, some sonnets and The Rape of Lucrece reveal different but related visual aspects; a later chapter suggests how the new relation between seeing and soliloquy in The Rape of Lucrece is developed in other plays. Extensively illustrated, the book explores Shakespeare's assimilation and exploration of visual traditions in structure, theme and idea throughout the c

First published anonymously in 1863, this classic book recounts the experiences of Frederick Edward Maning (c.1811–83), an Anglo-Irish trader who emigrated to Tasmania with his family as a boy and later relocated to New Zealand. A self-styled 'Pakeha-Maori' ('Pakeha' is the Maori word for a white New Zealander), Maning acquired land and settled down with a Maori woman, occupying a tenuous position between the two cultures. Observing that the old Maori way of life was rapidly disappearing due to the increased European presence in New Zealand, Maning endeavoured to record Maori customs and material culture before all knowledge of them disappeared. Old New Zealand is a mixture of history, autobiography and anecdote, and the author insists all the incidents and people described are real. The language is informal, and the narrative vigorous and rapid, with lively dialogues and occasional Maori phrases. A glossary explains Maori words and concepts.

This is a comprehensive account of the semantics and the implementation of the whole Lisp family of languages, namely Lisp, Scheme and related dialects. It describes 11 interpreters and 2 compilers, including very recent techniques of interpretation and compilation. The book is in two parts. The first starts from a simple evaluation function and enriches it with multiple name spaces, continuations and side-effects with commented variants, while at the same time the language used to define these features is reduced to a simple lambda-calculus. Denotational semantics is then naturally introduced. The second part focuses more on implementation techniques and discusses precompilation for fast interpretation: threaded code or bytecode; compilation towards C. Some extensions are also described such as dynamic evaluation, reflection, macros and objects. This will become the new standard reference for people wanting to know more about the Lisp family of languages: how they work, how they are i

This book studies later medieval culture [c. 1150–1500] through its central symbol: the eucharist. From the twelfth century onwards the eucharist was designed by the Church as the foremost sacrament. The claim that this ritual brought into presence Christ's own body, and offered it to believers, underpinned the sacramental system and the clerical mediation upon which it depended. The book explores the context in which the sacramental world was created and the cultural processes through which it was disseminated, interpreted and used. With attention to the variety of eucharistic meanings and practices - in procession on the feast of Corpus Christi, devotions, prayers, drama, in dissent, abuse and doubt - the author reveals and considers ways in which a religious culture is used as a language for the articulation of order and power, as well as for the most private explorations. The book moves from the 'design' of the eucharist in the twelfth century to its re-design in the sixteenth - a

'Why still read it? Why should scholars consult it and undergraduates study it? The plan answer is that still after ninety years remains the greatest single book on English medieval history': thus J. C. Holt in his foreword to this new impression of one of the classic historical texts in any language. In three extended essays Maitland exploits the information in Domesday to analyse and reconstruct the society, law, government, economy and even something of the mental and imaginative world of early medieval England. Essay I examines the nature of English society in 1066 and how, by 1086, this had changed. The second essay explores pre-Conquest England, stretching back through the Anglo-Saxon law codes and land-books to the English settlement, its social structure and administrative geography. Essay III uses an exhaustive discussion of the hide (that 'dreary old question') to look again at methods of assessment and measurement, and their relationship to the wealth and resources of Englan

Although this book was envisaged as a joint venture and bears the name of both Pollock and Maitland, it is substantially the work of Maitland. It was recognised at once as a masterpiece and has since been accepted as one of the great histories in the English language. In Maitland's lifetime Acton pronounced him the ablest historian in England. Plucknett said that 'everything he wrote exercises a deep fascination and a personal attraction'. To Sir Maurice Powicke he was 'one of the immortals'. Lord Annan, in the preface to his Leslie Stephen, called him 'perhaps the greatest of all professional historians'. To read The History of English Law, even many years after Maitland's death, is to feel at once the touch of a master. That touch could only be weakened by editing, so the present issue is a reprint of the second edition but with an introductory essay and a select bibliography by S. F. C. Milsom, Professor of Legal History in the University of London.

本書詳細介紹了如何編寫高性能的.NET程序，在zui大化託管代碼性能的同時，還能保證.NET的特性優勢。本書循序漸進地深入.NET的各個部分，特別是底層的公共語言運行時（Common Language Runtime，CLR），瞭解CLR是如何完成內存管理、代碼編譯、併發處理等工作的。本書還詳細介紹了.NET的架構，探討了編程方式如何影響程序的整體性能，在全書中，還分享了發生在微軟的一些趣聞軼事。本書的內容偏重於服務器程序，但幾乎所有內容也同樣適用於桌面端和移動端應用程序。本書條理清楚，言簡意賅，適合有一定.NET基礎的讀者和想要提高代碼性能的C#程序員學習參考。

【講重點系列帶你制霸考科】 刷考古題之前先讀懂這一本！ 面對考試不僅要會解題，更要有紮實基本功！ ★ 匯集補教名師多年教學經驗 ★ 章節編排由淺入深、吸收效率倍增 ★ 收錄各類經典題型、搭配詳解一點就通 這樣的你適合這本書： ☆ 新手入門 ☆ 加強觀念 ☆ 考前重點複習 ☆ 專業進修 你值得優質的書籍　這本書陪你一起成長！ 【講重點ｘ試題大補帖必勝組合】 講重點系列觀念解析 + 試題大補帖刷題練習 大碩教育提供你全方面的備考戰術！ 初階入門、加強複習都適用！ ★兩種系列一起閱讀　離上榜之路更近一步★ 本書內容共分為八大單元，依序為基本概論、Digital Logic數位邏輯、Operation System作業系統、System Program系統程式、Programming Language程式語言、Data Structure資料結構、網路、Datebase資料庫等重點觀念。 本書除了重點整理計算機概論的相關理論之外，更蒐集歷年高普特考試題，強化基本觀念，讓考生在短時間內以最高的效率深入計算機概論的領域，輕鬆掌握命題趨勢。

《新當代中文》是一套以成年漢語學習者為主要讀者對象的漢語教材，共四個級別，每個級別包括課本、練習冊、配套的教師手冊、閱讀材料、習題集、寫字本以及多媒體教學資源，一、二級還有漢字本。教材旨在培養學習者漢語聽說讀寫譯的語言綜合運用能力和一定的漢語交際能力，其語言難度符合《國際中文教育中文水平等級標準》（GF0025-2021）。本套教材的前身《當代中文》自出版以來一直受到海內外廣大師生的歡迎。為更好地滿足廣大師生的需求，且更符合語言和時代的發展，作者對教材進行了重新編寫，使其更加充實、實用。該套教材體現生活氣息和時代特色，關注中外文化對比，同時重視世界文化共通性；.將音節、漢字、詞匯、語法教學有機結合，既可保證打好語音基礎和漢字基礎，又能滿足學生的交際需求，保障了漢語教學的實用性和可延續性，使新時期的漢語國際教育更富活力、更具有科學性和規範性。本書為第4冊《閱讀材料》。 New Contemporary Chinese, a complete textbook series, is tailored for adult learners of the Chinese language. The series includes four volumes, with each volume consisting of a Textbook, an Exercise Book and the corresponding Teacher's Book, Supplementary Reading Materials, Testing Materials, Character Writing Workbook, and multimedia teaching resources. Volume 1 and Volume 2 each contains a Character Book. New Contemporary Chinese aims to develop the learners' comprehensive abilities of listening comprehension, speaking, reading, writing, and translating of the language, as well as their communicative c

Marisol 最喜歡語文課，也很喜歡 Mrs. Ruby 老師，直到老師宣布一項讓她恨不得立刻消失的作業：每個人都要自己寫一首俳句，而且還得站到全班同學面前朗讀！對害怕上台的 Marisol 來說，她寧可游過一大群水母，也不想面對這件事。她開始想盡各種逃避的方法：裝病請假、轉學，甚至希望能有一道讓自己消失的魔法。然而，輪到自己的那一刻終究愈來愈近。兩度榮獲 Newbery Medal 的 Erin Entrada Kelly 再度帶來 Maybe Marisol 系列故事，以短篇章搭配幾乎每頁都有的親筆插畫，細膩描寫孩子面對上台焦慮、友情與慢慢累積勇氣的過程。兩度 Newbery Medal 得主 Erin Entrada Kelly 創作。 短篇章搭配大量插畫，適合開始閱讀章節書的孩子。 描寫上台朗讀、害羞與克服緊張的校園日常。 Maybe Marisol 系列獨立故事，可單冊閱讀。Two-time Newbery Medal winner Erin Entrada Kelly's alter ego--the effervescent Marisol Rainey--returns in this illustrated school story about overcoming stage fright and taking your turn that is just right for fans of Ramona, Clementine, and Ivy & Bean.Under normal circumstances, Marisol loves language arts class. Mrs. Ruby is her favorite teacher and always makes her feel special...until the day Mrs. Ruby makes a horrible, terrible, downright dreadful announcement: All the kids have to write their own haiku. As if that's not bad enough, they have to read their haiku in front of the whole c

2023年以來， OpenAI相繼釋出了聊天機器人模型ChatGPT、 新一代多模態大模型GPT-4等產品， 以強大的能力俘獲了大量使用者， 顛覆了使用者對於AI的認知。 ▶什麼是ChatGPT？ ChatGPT是一個由OpenAI開發的聊天機器人模型，其透過NLP（Natural Language Processing，自然語言處理）技術實現與使用者智慧對話，開啟了全新AI（Artificial Intelligence，人工智慧）時代。ChatGPT的智慧程度引起了業界的廣泛關注，引發了使用者的熱議，使使用者對AI的未來有了更多的期待。 ▶技術底座：多技術融合助推ChatGPT發展走到11公尺的盡頭，蔡京的題ChatGPT並不是孤立存在的，其成功離不開眾多技術的支持。其背後的技術主要有生成式AI技術、自然語言處理技術、預訓練大模型技術和多模態技術。 ▶內容變革：ChatGPT開啟內容生產力革命 ChatGPT可以輔助使用者輸出多種內容，使內容生產變得更加簡單、高效。可以說，ChatGPT拓展了數位時代的創造力極限，開啟了內容生產力革命。 ▶ 商業展望：ChatGPT商業化之路雛形已現 AIGC技術在發展中完成了深厚的技術累積，這使得ChatGPT在B端與C端實現商業化的條件已經成熟。未來，以ChatGPT為代表的AIGC應用將會更好地服務B端與C端，提升其運作效率。 本書共12章，前5章從5個方面對ChatGPT進行了解讀，幫助使用者全面了解ChatGPT，對其形成完整的認知。第6～12章從傳媒、教育、娛樂、電商、金融、製造和醫療7個方面講解了ChatGPT的應用，展現了ChatGPT的商業價值。 本書特色：本書以ChatGPT為中心，對ChatGPT的相關知識進行詳細的講解。在講述ChatGPT理論知識的同時，還結合許多相關案例，內容詳實，引人深思。本書面向的讀者對象為對ChatGPT感興趣的人士、AI研究者、AIGC領域從業者、科技企業管理者等，能夠為讀者提供全新見解。