Creative Coding in Python

In Hong Kong Public and Squatter Housing: Geopolitics and Informality, 1963–1985, Alan Smart and Fung Chi Keung Charles trace two decades of development of squatting in Hong Kong. The authors reconstruct the government policy on squatting through both ethnographic and archival research. The book sheds new light on the consequences of various attempts to control encroachment on scarce urban space. It argues that intersecting policy agendas resulted in decisions that were often not desired, but which emerged as practical solutions from prior failures. The authors address the challenges of explaining confidential policy decisions and offer new approaches applicable in other contexts. Overall, Smart and Fung make an important contribution to the understanding of how public housing and squatting interacted in influential ways that have been poorly understood and offer new perspectives on the challenges of urban governance and housing problems.

Make a Choice: Under Turbulence The ten national (natural) parks in Taiwan play a pivotal role in the global conservation network and keep expanding their vision and energy in the world trend. Therefore, in this year, "National Park Quarterly" will focus on "Changing & Challenges", "Conservation & Restoration", "Management" and "Innovation" as topics of four seasons, and cut into the international forward-looking goals and current situations,and share how Taiwan's national parks ride the waves in the waves of the world.

In this ground-breaking, posthumous study, the late Lo Jung-pang discusses the geographic, political, and commercial factors that led to the emergence of seapower and a navy under the Ming. While Zheng He and his seven expeditions have received some scholarly attention, few understand the long history of maritime engagement which provided the nautical and technical background for these voyages. The evolution of this maritime engagement and its extension into the Indian Ocean is the focus of Lo’s still-timely and highly significant work. In addition to detailing the rise of the Ming navy and its extraordinary accomplishments, Lo also examines some of the factors that led to the end of China’s first great maritime era: Why did China suddenly seem to turn away from the seas? Were the military defeats in Annam and on the northern borders significant in this? Or were financial pressures key? Empire in the Western Ocean represents the most comprehensive and insightful English-language trea

Heritage and History in the China–Australia Migration Corridor traces the material and social legacy of migration from China to Australia from the 1840s until the present day. The volume offers a multidimensional examination of the material footprint of migration as it exists in the migration corridor stretching between Zhongshan county in south China and Australia. Spanning the fields of heritage studies, migration studies, and Chinese diaspora history, Denis Byrne, Ien Ang, Phillip Mar, and other contributors foreground a transnational approach to the heritage of migration, one that takes account of the flows of people, ideas, objects, and money that circulate through migration corridors, forming intricate ongoing bonds between those who migrated to Australia and their home villages in China.

Grounded in a desire to bring back to life rare items from the University of Hong Kong’s Fung Ping Shan Library that are entwined within the world of music and to place them in a context of books and images in American, British, and other Asian collections, Chinese Music in Print views the library as a repository not of information but of artifact, and then uses these artifacts as a means for generating scholarly narrative. It begins by assessing seminal texts in the Confucian canon set against the delicacy of the concubine and amanuensis Shen Cai’s calligraphy and poetry. Confucianism was itself a crucial aspect of courtly life, and an exploration of its ritual is the book’s second theme. Vernacular genres of opera and song are represented in the third chapter, while the Great Sage returns in the fourth for an exploration of the repertoire and richness of his favourite instrument, the qin. The final chapter ends the journey with discussion of the legacy of generations of Europeans who

In Working the System: Motion Picture, Filmmakers, and Subjectivities in Mao-Era China, 1949–1966, Qiliang He inquired into the making of the new citizenry in Mao-era China (1949–1976) by studying five preeminent Shanghai-based filmmakers. These case studies shed light on how individuals’ subjectivities took shape in the cinematic arena under a new sociopolitical system after 1949. He suggests that a filmmaker’s subjectivity was not fixed or stable but constantly in flux, requiring a host of “subjectivizing practices” to (re)shape and consolidate it. These filmmakers endeavored to reap maximal benefits from Mao’s sociopolitical system and minimize the disadvantages that would make them victims under the system. In short, Qiliang He argues that the filmmakers not only worked under the socialist system imposed upon them but also worked the system in their best interests.

本书立足于大数据背景，面向“新文科”“新商科”相关专业，探析各行业专业人士在数据处理、管理、分析应用等方面的不同要求，整合统计学、数据分析与挖掘基本原理，利用主流数据处理工具讲解数据的管理和应用，既有文科、商科教学过程中常用的Excel工具，也有与其相关联的Power Query、Power Pivot等加载项，也包括利用Python进行数据获取等基础工作，等等。本书对内容的难易程度进行了分层，在实践中对原理进一步糅合，如结构化数据和非结构化数据的提取，从单表数据、关联数据到数据模型构建等；从体系上给各专业学生以立体的数据分析理论与应用全貌；从业务需求理解、多元数据获取、异构数据整理、分析和决策支持探讨方面，做到“浅入而深出”，梯次推进。这对培养大学生数据思维、数据管理能力有很好的帮助，特别是在创新创业活动过程中融合数据驱动，能够帮助团队更加精准地进行组织架构、高效运营、成本控制、产品定位、风险管控、投资决策等。 本书共分八章。首先，详细分析了数据分析理论基础以及数据获取理论与实践；其次，分别从基础与高级两个角度对数据处理进行深入的剖析；再次，以PowerPivot为工具阐释如何快速挖掘数据，即数据深度分析；最后，运用可视化技术等说明数据分析分享的方法。

This book is a useful reference that introduces the social inclusion tools and standards, as well as elaborates the applications in and outside Asia. It enables readers to see how people in different cultures interpret the concept of social inclusion and how social inclusion is experienced among different disadvantaged groups in society.

A Contemporary History of the Chinese Zheng traces the twentieth- and twenty-first-century development of an important Chinese musical instrument in greater China.The zheng was transformed over the course of the twentieth century, becoming a solo instrument with virtuosic capacity. In the past, the zheng had appeared in small instrumental ensembles and supplied improvised accompaniments to song. Zheng music became a means of nation-building and was eventually promoted as a marker of Chinese identity in Hong Kong. Ann L. Silverberg uses evidence from the greater China area to show how the narrative history of the zheng created on the mainland did not represent zheng music as it had been in the past. Silverberg ultimately argues that the zheng’s older repertory was poorly represented by efforts to collect and promote zheng music in the twentieth century. This book contends that the restored “traditional Chinese music” created and promulgated from the 1920s forward—and solo zheng music in

◎ In the night sky, those shining stars may be in the past tense. Those dark may no longer be nothingness, but the distance is too far, and the light is still galloping. ◎ The thermal process is a part of the space state. The order is from the hot in the past to the cold in the future, and the direction is from the inside to the outside. ◎ The time order is from tomorrow to today to yesterday, that is from future to past. Time and space are reverse loops. So the direction of time is from outside to inside.

With the society developing, the legislators of education would naturally put more attention to special education in order to protect the minority and those neglected. The history of special education mirrors the social development of Macau, it is an important indicator of the status in Macau society, reflecting the cultural quality at present and predicting the prospects in the future.

Influenced by his upbringing in post-war Japan, and the ideological, social, economic and artistic transformations of the era, Noda Tetsuya started to build a diary of prints in the 1960s, recording his daily life and mastering the challenge of documenting the reality around him in both true and artistic fashion. Works presented in this publication offer unparalleled insights into the artist’s hand skills and color palette, as well as his intense personal feelings and trademark humility. Few printmakers are quite as exploratory in terms of their technique and so precise in their choice of depicted subjects. Noda Tetsuya’s Diary of Contemporary Japanese Prints represents the long-accumulated knowledge of a well-practiced artform by one of Japan’s bestestablished artists, while also documenting—in true diary fashion—events that have shaped his personal life, while also standing for the collective experience of Noda’s generation and the societal change witnessed over the last several de

In Daily Giving Service: A History of the Diocesan Girls’ School, Hong Kong, Moira M. W. Chan-Yeung and her fellow contributors present a comprehensive history of one of Hong Kong’s oldest girls’ schools. As an alumna of the school, Chan-Yeung traces the history of her alma mater from its establishment in 1860, to its development over the last 160 years until the recent decade. Having experienced stability and turbulences in Hong Kong in the twentieth century, the school has become one of the most prominent girls’ schools in the city. In several chapters written by other alumnae, various aspects of school life of different eras are reconstructed and remembered. The author and other contributors focused on the postwar era in which Hong Kong grew from a small city to a global metropolitan. The expansion of the Diocesan Girls’ School largely followed this trend. The history of the school has also long been connected with the socio-economic development of Hong Kong society, sharing its ha

Low-carbon tourism is an emerging issue of tourism industry and academia in recent years. Previous studies have provided us some reasons that tourists participate in low-carbon travel or not, however, these reasons are scattered in literature and not been integrated into the construct of low-carbon travel motivation or low-carbon travel constraint. Meanwhile, previous studies often designed low-carbon package tours through the perspective of operators, few studies have assisted independent tourists on how to save energy and reduce carbon in travel. Therefore, this book is focused into two parts. The purpose of one part is to draw on tourism related literature, to develop and test the Low-Carbon Travel Motivation and Constraint Scales. The purpose of the other part is to draw on tourism related literature, to develop and test the Low-Carbon Travel Behavior Scale.

In Kunqu: A Classical Opera of Twenty-First-Century China, Joseph S. C. Lam offers a holistic and interdisciplinary view on kunqu, a 600-year-old genre of Chinese opera that is being fashionably performed inside and outside of China. He explains how and why the genre charms and signifies Chinese culture, history, and personhood. As the first comprehensive and scholarly book on kunqu written in English, the book not only discusses the genre in cultural and historical terms but also analyzes its shows as performative, cultural, social, and political communications. It approaches the genre from several perspectives, ranging from those of performers and producers to those of casual audience, dedicated connoisseurs, and scholarly critics. Lam also employs a judicious blend of Chinese and international theories and methods. Through this comprehensive study of kunqu, Lam has established the significance of the genre not only in the sphere of Chinese music, but also among the cultural heritage

Malaysian Cinema in the New Millennium offers a new approach to the study of multiculturalism in cinema by analysing how a new wave of filmmakers champion cultural diversity using cosmopolitan themes. Adrian Lee offers a new inquiry of Malaysian cinema that examines how the ‘Malaysian Digital Indies’ (MDI) have in recent years repositioned Malaysian cinema within the global arena. The book shines a new light on how politics and socioeconomics have influenced new forms and genres of the post-2000s generation of filmmakers, and provides a clear picture of the interactions between commercial cinema and politics and socioeconomics in the first two decades of the new millennium. It also assesses how the MDI movement was successful in creating a transnational cinema by displacing and deterritorialising itself from the context of the national, and illustrates how MDI functions as a site for questioning and proposing a new national identity in the era of advanced global capitalism and new Isla

This book examines Hong Kong foodways in different periods of social development and hopes to advance anthropological inquiries by addressing issues concerning identity, migration, consumerism, globalization, and the invention of local cuisines in the context of Hong Kong as a fast-changing society in East Asia.

It is written from an objective, external viewpoint and paints a colourful and lively picture of Sanguinetti in a voice that could almost be his own. Using Sanguinetti' s life experiences, the biographer touches on various historical events, including the Mau Mau revolution in Kenya and the 1957 riots in Hong Kong, and details the social and political problems of the times, such as lingering colonialism, class structure issues, and human rights violations, among others. These glimpses of history through Sanguinetti' s eyes are accessible, thought-provoking, and truly representative of the man himself.Offering a well-rounded image of the eccentric subject, this book fulfils Sanguinetti' s common response to questions about both his personal and professional life — “ more when I know you better” . It will undoubtedly be of interest to those who knew Sanguinetti as well as legal professionals, young barristers, and readers with an interest in post-war history in Gibraltar, Kenya, and espe

This book describes and analyses the role of the public sector in the often-charged political atmosphere of post-1997 Hong Kong. In this second edition, Ian Scott explores public sector accountability in terms of Hong Kong’s constitutional framework and the structure, functions, and personnel policies of its civil service system. He examines critical issues facing the administration of the public sector and the formulation and implementation of public policy with particular attention to the political challenges confronting the Hong Kong government over the past decade. A concluding chapter assesses how contested values in a changing political environment have affected the public sector in recent years. This edition has been fully updated to incorporate the latest statistics and research, including Scott’s work in such areas as integrity management, corruption prevention, and policing. This book is an essential resource for scholars and students of public administration and public poli

In The Chinese Idea of a University: Phoenix Reborn, Rui Yang conceptualizes the cultural foundations of modern university development in Chinese societies. Instead of focusing on the uniqueness of the societies, this book aims to prove that one educational purpose could be fulfilled via many paths, and that most of the characteristics the university could be found in other institutions of higher learning. Citing the practices of four selected Chinese societies, Yang opposes the existence of an impassable chasm between Chinese and Western ideas of a university and argues that it is possible to combine Chinese and Western ideas of a university. Also, this book is one of the first in English to theorize the Chinese idea of a university. It links the historical events to the present, in a context of an enormous impact of Western academic models and institutions, from the beginning of modern universities in Chinese societies to the contemporary period.

◎This is the Part-One (Radical Index - Stroke No. 1-2) of Twelve printouts from the on-line dictionary that is currently under developing. ◎This unprecedented, intelligent, convenient and useful Tool provides “Pin Yin” (spelled in English) of Traditional Chinese characters. ◎Along with Stroke-by-Stroke writings for each character’s Radical and additional strokes, it is possible to learn Chinese ubiquitously. The stroke-sequences for writing radical-characters are also included in a separate nineteen-page section with the order of radical stroke number and sequence. All the multiple ways of “Pin Yin” will also appear under multiple English letters. However, an unique sort key for the Last Name found in 百家姓 (the Hundred Family Surnames) is highlighted and used for grouping the same Last Name in Traditional Character with different Last Name in English. For example, 鄭 can be found as Cheng, Jeng and Zheng in all 3 places with Cheng marked as sort-key. Therefore, all 鄭s will be grouped u

請跟著我們一起上路，選擇台灣的未來 「Why Taiwan Matters：台灣對世界的獨特意義」是《VERSE》在2020 年8 月的創刊號提出的大問題。如今邁入第三年， 我們想提出另一個大問題： 你希望這個島嶼有什麼樣的未來？ 用現在流行的語言說，這是島嶼永續的專題。關於「永續」，大家都在談，真假虛實都有。但在這座島嶼上， 的確有許多人都在為了氣候、海洋、土地、生態和台灣的未來，認真地倡議他們的信念，或抵抗著那些傷害的力量。 本期封面故事以環島的概念，走入島嶼不同角落，從海洋到森林，從部落到都市，深入紀錄不同領域的改變者，讓你得到新的啟發與力量。 封面人物是在台灣樂壇中具有獨特位置的安溥，她即將出版睽違十年的專輯。這十年來， 她的人生經歷許多巨大的改變，一如台灣在這十年經歷許多衝擊。安溥長期關注公共議題， 與本期封面故事也有所呼應。另一個封面是台灣新銳藝術家鄭曉嶸以插畫方式探詢台灣海洋永續的可能，她溫柔但奇幻的筆觸帶領我們到一個想像之地，呼應封面故事海洋永續的專題報導。 本期的Long Interview 第一次走出台灣，越洋專訪榮獲2020 美國國家圖書獎的台裔美籍作家游朝凱，謙虛的他誠懇分享台灣身分對他的意義，以及他如何將父母輩的移民歷史放進獲獎作品《內景唐人街》中。我們也首次觸碰司法議題，探討即將成真的國民法官制度將會如何改變我們的司法體制。 「Creative Business 商業」單元的兩個重量級題目也和永續有關：Brand Story 品牌故事是經營君品酒店、致力於永續與文化的雲朗觀光集團，My Way 的商業人物報導是被公認在永續金融上「玩真的」的國泰金控投資長程淑芬。他們是怎麼做到的？ 「Arts & Culture 藝文」單元報導即將重返國家戲劇院的無垢舞蹈劇場，也對話父女作家吳晟與吳音寧，探索溪州小鎮與文學國度如何成為他們的「家」。（這是音寧近年少做的深度訪談， 本刊編輯的文筆細膩深刻，是本期必看。） My Town 來到雲林西螺。從創刊開始， 我們就試圖透過這個欄目為不同小城建構地方的獨特敘事，這篇再次迷人而精準地說出西螺的身世。Creative Dining 是來自嘉義的樂檸漢堡，我們將帶你認識這個從蔬果店轉型的餐飲品牌。Home 欄目則來到知名作家／ 創業家／前財經主播蔣雅淇與女兒的廚房， 看她們如何以餐桌為支點

Psychopathology: An Empathic Representational Approach retraces the foundations of classical phenomenological psychopathology and integrates them with modern ideas drawn from anthropology, cognitive neuroscience, computational science, and evolutionary biology to synthesize a comprehensive framework and provide fresh insights. This book explores how the scientific concepts of ‘information and representation’ can be used to understand subjective mental phenomena and integrate them in empathic clinical dialogues during interactions with patients. It explores key issues in clinical psychopathology coherently and systematically, illustrates advanced topics in an accessible manner using clinical case examples, metaphors and clarifying diagrams, and directly links advanced conceptual frameworks with pragmatic skills in the clinical dialogue process. This volume is aimed at a broad audience of mental health professionals, researchers, and students in psychiatry, psychology, and social work.

Frontiers of Memory in the Asia-Pacific explores the making and consumption of conflict-related heritage throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Contributing to a growing literature on ‘difficult heritage’, this collection advances our understanding of how places of pain, shame, oppression, and trauma have been appropriated and refashioned as ‘heritage’ in a number of societies in contemporary East and Southeast Asia and Oceania. The authors analyse how the repackaging of difficult pasts as heritage can serve either to reinforce borders, transcend them, or even achieve both simultaneously, depending on the political agendas that inform the heritage-making process. They also examine the ways in which these processes respond to colonialism, decolonization, and nationalism. The volume shows how efforts to preserve various sites of ‘difficult heritage’ can involve the construction of new borders in the mind between what is commemorated and what is often deliberately obscured or forgotten. Tak

The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong SAR (the “NSL”) promises to be the most important legal development in Hong Kong since the advent of the Basic Law. Many wondered in the aftermath of the NSL how the foundations of Hong Kong’s system might be changed and in what way the freedoms valued by Hong Kong may be affected. Supporters view the law as essential for the preservation of public order and the national security of China and for supporting the fundamental well-being of “One Country, Two Systems”, an arrangement that has been in place since the return of Hong Kong to China. Critics fear an adverse impact on the spirit of “One Country, Two Systems”. From a discussion initiated by the University of Hong Kong’s Faculty of Law, this collection of essays brings together leading experts on Hong Kong and Chinese law to offer an exploratory study of the NSL and its impact on the legal system and the principle of the rule of law in Hon

In Chinese Cinema: Identity, Power, and Globalization, a variety of scholars explore the history, aesthetics, and politics of Chinese cinema as the Chinese film industry grapples with its place as the second largest film industry in the world. Exploring the various ways that Chinese cinema engages with global politics, market forces, and film cultures, this edited volume places Chinese cinema against an array of contexts informing the contours of Chinese cinema today. The book also demonstrates that Chinese cinema in the global context is informed by the intersections and tensions found in Chinese and world politics, national and international co-productions, the local and global in representing Chineseness, and the lived experiences of social and political movements versus screened politics in Chinese film culture. This work is a pioneer investigation of the topic and will inspire future research by other scholars of film studies.

內容簡介:* 以MongoDB 5.x最新版指令貫穿全書，並可在6.0 RC順利執行 * 與Python語言結合，無縫接軌智慧聯網、巨資分析、機器學習等領域 * 本書深入淺出，豐富且大量的範例，保證快速掌握MongoDB精髓 在巨量資料的時代，存取效能佳、高可用性、可擴展性及具備安全性的資料庫平台是不可或缺的。朱克剛老師實作經驗豐富，此書以深入淺出範例導向的方式說明，是熟MongoDB技術必備的工具書。 -- 虎尾科技大學資訊工程系副教授 江季翰 好友朱克剛博士所著之MongoDB工具書，文字內容配合圖表解說非常易讀，操作步驟更按序清楚呈現，甚至所提案例也與我們實際生活相關。這是一本讀者可以輕鬆駕馭，並跟著大師一起練功的秘笈，想一窺MongoDB的朋友都應該擁有它。 -- 正修科技大學數位多媒體設計系主任 殷聖楷 MongoDB是目前最受歡迎的NoSQL資料庫，擁有豐富教學及實務經驗的朱克剛老師在本書中以簡單、明瞭的範例帶領讀者實際演練，快速學會巨量資料管理與儲存方式。這是一本易上手又涵蓋全部關鍵技術的好書! -- 靜宜大學資訊傳播工程系副教授 王岱伊 朱克剛老師具多年業界實務經驗，同時也擁有超過20年的教學資歷，本書使用經典實例和詳細的操作步驟，絕對是您學習MongoDB的第一選擇，幫助您精準學習快速上手。 -- 資展國際（原資策會人培團隊）區域總監 王偉璁 AI蓬勃發展，有別於關連式資料庫的NoSQL已是重點發展課題之一；作者融會超過30年程式經驗，將其精髓以淺顯易懂的觀念付諸此書，入門者可豁然開朗，經驗者可溫故知新，絕對是人人適合入手的寶典。 -- 104人力銀行人資學院產品開發處處長 李閔隆

Based on a close reading of Japanese director Yasujiro Ozu’s extant films, this book provides insights into the ways the director created narrative structures and used symbolism to construct meaning in his films. Against critics’ insistence that Ozu was indifferent to plot and unlikely to use symbols, Geist demonstrates otherwise, revealing the director’s subtle iconographic paradigms. Her incisive understanding of the historical and cultural context in which the films were conceived amplifies her analysis of the films’ structure and meaning. Ozu: A Closer Look guides the reader through Ozu’s early, silent films and his sound films made during Japan’s wars in Asia and the subsequent American Occupation, then takes up specific themes relevant to his later, better-known films. These themes include religion, gender, and the influence of traditional Japanese painting. Geist also examines the impact that Ozu’s films had on specific directors in Europe, America, and Japan. Intended for f

The Sinological Development Charitable Foundation (SDCF) aspires to help spread 5,000 years of cultural history embedded in the Chinese Classics as a fundamental basis for understanding Chinese civilization. To that end, every year since 2016, the SDCF has provided intensive summer programs by which means scholars from across the globe are brought together in situ (in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and mainland China) to learn together and share their research into some of the most important topics in Chinese Studies. Over the last five years (2016–2020), candidates representing nations from Africa, the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Russia, and other parts of Asia have embraced the SDCF program and its goals. This compendium is published to mark the milestone of five comprehensive programs completed successfully. It includes a sample of the best research by program participants from around the world, along with personal reflections and reflections by professors and tutors allied with

The Genera of Orchidaceae in Hong Kong is a handy reference for both amateurs and professional botanists in Asia who wish to enter the field of modern orchidology. Orchid appreciation is an art deeply rooted in Asian cultures. But in 1977, when this book was first published, orchidology as a science was new to people there. The technical vocabulary was unfamiliar and the subject matter difficult to understand. Therefore, this volume was intended as a general, easy-to-use reference book, with illustrations of the basic structure of orchids and their habit and habitat clearly described in Chapter I. The book may also be used as a self-help guide for naturalists and gardeners in Hong Kong who wish to identify an orchid new to them. In Chapter II, keys, descriptions, and illustrations are given to allow the reader to look up and gain information about individual orchid species. Chapter III provides an analysis of the composition and an interpretation of the phytogeographic significance of

In On Saving Face, Michael Keevak traces the Western reception of the Chinese concept of “face” during the past two hundred years, arguing that it has always been linked to nineteenth-century colonialism. “Lose face” and “save face” have become so normalized in modern European languages that most users do not even realize that they are of Chinese origin. “Face” is an extremely complex and varied notion in all East Asian cultures. It involves proper behavior and the avoidance of conflict, encompassing every aspect of one’s place in society as well as one’s relationships with other people. One can “give face,” “get face,” “fight for face,” “tear up face,” and a host of other expressions. But when it began to become known to the Western trading community in China beginning in the middle of the nineteenth century, it was distorted and reduced to two phrases only, “lose face” and “save face,” both of which were used to suggest distinctly Western ideas of humiliation, embarrassment, honor, a

內容簡介 ˙The learning goals that center on the thematic units are set in accordance with the language proficiency levels, established by the ACTFL ˙To Comply with the pedagogical principle of backward design to establish the teaching/learning goals for the intermediate learner of Chinese ˙Integrates into its thematic contents the ACTFL-defined, three mores of language uses as well the 5C concepts ˙Assist the learner to achieve holistic progress and to cultivate specific linguistic abilities of Chinese ˙The selecting of keywords/phrases in thetextbooks is greatly in line with vocabulary levels defined by the HSK and by the TOCFL. The regional difference in language uses between the two sides of theTaiwan Strait are also meticulously annotated in the textbooks In recent years, the background of learners has become diversified, and the number of self-study students of elementary Chinese is also increasing. On the pedagogical front, however, learning materials, found to be biased towards s

In Painting Architecture: Jiehua in Yuan China, 1271–1368, Leqi Yu has conducted comprehensive research on jiehua or ruled-line painting, a unique painting genre in fourteenth-century China. This genre relies on tools such as rulers to represent architectural details and structures accurately. Such technical consideration and mechanical perfection linked this painting category with the builder’s art, which led to Chinese elites’ belittlement and won Mongol patrons’ admiration. Yu suggests that painters in the Yuan dynasty made new efforts towards a unique modular system and an unsurpassable plain-drawing tradition. She argues that these two strategies made architectural paintings in the Yuan dynasty entirely different from their predecessors, as well as making the art form extremely difficult for subsequent painters to imitate.