Distributed

At first glance the prime numbers appear to be distributed in a very irregular way amongst the integers, but it is possible to produce a simple formula that tells us (in an approximate but well defined sense) how many primes we can expect to find that are less than any integer we might choose. The prime number theorem tells us what this formula is and it is indisputably one of the great classical theorems of mathematics. This textbook gives an introduction to the prime number theorem suitable for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. The author's aim is to show the reader how the tools of analysis can be used in number theory to attack a 'real' problem, and it is based on his own experiences of teaching this material.

This comprehensive study explores all aspects of the English business community as it developed between 1590 and 1720. Drawing on largely untapped records of private firms as well as on institutional archives, Richard Grassby describes and explains the economic and technical structure of business in a pre-industrial economy and examines the ways in which social values, demographic factors, the family, the state and religion distributed talent, trained and motivated businessmen and determined their life style. The important conclusion which emerges from his study is that individual initiative and a fluid social structure largely account for differences in response to economic opportunities between England and other pre-industrial societies. His book offers an empirically based analysis of why men entered business, how they lived and worked and what they achieved, and it will appeal to all who wish to understand the dynamics of pre-industrial growth and the interaction between business a

In this important study, Professor McIntosh argues against the suggestion that social regulation was a distinctive feature of the decades around 1600, resulting from Puritanism. Instead, through an examination of 255 village and small-town communities distributed throughout England, Professor McIntosh demonstrates that concern with wrongdoing mounted gradually between 1370 and 1600. In an attempt to maintain good order and enforce ethical conduct, local leaders prosecuted people who slandered or quarrelled with their neighbours, engaged in sexual misdeeds, operated unruly alehouses, or refused to work. Professor McIntosh also explores who the offenders were as well as the factors that led to misbehaviour and shaped responses to it. More generally, Professor McIntosh sheds light on the transition from medieval to early modern patterns and succeeds here in opening up little-known sources and new research methods.

How has democracy taken root in India in the face of a low-income economy, widespread poverty, illiteracy, and immense ethnic diversity? Atul Kohli brings together some of the world's leading scholars of Indian politics to consider this intriguing anomaly. They do so by focusing, not so much on socio-economic factors, but rather on the ways in which power is distributed in India. Two processes have guided the negotiation of power conflicts. First, a delicate balance has been struck between the forces of centralization and decentralization and, second, the interests of the powerful in society have been served without excluding those on the margins. These themes are addressed by the editor in his introduction, which is followed by an essay on the historical origins of Indian democracy, and two sections, one on the consolidation of democratic institutions, and the other on the forces which motivate or inhibit democratic growth.

There has always been much controversy surrounding property rights in legal and political philosophy. Thinkers such as Plato, Locke, Kant, Hegel and Marx have all offered different views on the idea of property. This collection of essays, written by some of the most eminent scholars in the field, examines the most central issues of property theory from a variety of perspectives. The essays discuss whether property may be dissipated or used imprudently with impunity, and analyse how a person's property should be distributed after death. They survey the economic landscape of intellectual property and show that Locke's celebrated justification for private property falters when it comes to copyrights and patents. They also demonstrate how important it is that institutions of property be carefully justified. The variety and originality of these essays are evidence that the theory of property is one of the most exciting areas of intellectual inquiry in the humanities and social sciences.

Heterogeneous catalysis is widely used in chemical, refinery, and pollution-control processes. For this reason, achieving optimal performance of catalysts is a significant issue for chemical engineers and chemists. This book addresses the question of how catalytic material should be distributed inside a porous support in order to obtain optimal performance. It treats single and multiple reaction systems, isothermal and nonisothermal conditions, pellets, monoliths, fixed-bed reactors, and membrane reactors. The effects of physicochemical and operating parameters are analyzed to gain insight into the underlying phenomena governing the performance of optimally designed catalysts. Throughout, the authors offer a balanced treatment of theory and experiment. Particular attention is given to problems of commercial importance. With its thorough treatment of the design, preparation, and utilization of supported catalysts, this book will be an ideal resource for graduate students, researchers, a

This book is an introduction to the field of asymptotic statistics. The treatment is both practical and mathematically rigorous. In addition to most of the standard topics of an asymptotics course, including likelihood inference, M-estimation, the theory of asymptotic efficiency, U-statistics, and rank procedures, the book also presents recent research topics such as semiparametric models, the bootstrap, and empirical processes and their applications. The topics are organized from the central idea of approximation by limit experiments, which gives the book one of its unifying themes. This entails mainly the local approximation of the classical i.i.d. set up with smooth parameters by location experiments involving a single, normally distributed observation. Thus, even the standard subjects of asymptotic statistics are presented in a novel way. Suitable as a graduate or Master's level statistics text, this book will also give researchers an overview of research in asymptotic statistics.

Concurrent Programming in ML focuses on the practical use of concurrency to implement naturally concurrent applications. In addition to a tutorial introduction to programming in Concurrent ML (CML), the book presents three extended examples using CML for practical systems programming: a parallel software build system, a simple concurrent window manager, and an implementation of distributed tuple spaces. CML, which is included as part of the SML of New Jersey (SML/NJ) distribution, combines the best features of concurrent programming and functional programming. This book also illustrates advanced SML programming techniques, and includes a chapter on the implementation of concurrency using features provided by the SML/NJ system. It will be of interest to programmers, students, and professional researchers working in computer language development.

This book provides a forum for researchers who have been using a variety of electrical measurements as a means to obtain microstructural information about their materials. Microstructure in this context includes features at all length scales - atomic to macroscopic. Even though numerous examples of microstructure/electrical property correlations exist, this book focuses on the myriad of applications that have already been successful. In addition, advances in techniques for the interpretation of data and modelling of materials-related phenomena are emphasized. The effects of percolation and connectivity of electrical paths are of particular interest as they determine the resultant electrical response. These in turn are intimately linked to how a material is processed, what phases it contains, and how the phases are distributed in real space. All classes of materials are covered including semiconductors, electroceramics, biological materials, polymers, metals, geomaterials and a variety

Philosophy and Memory Traces defends two theories of autobiographical memory. One is a bewildering historical view of memories as dynamic patterns in fleeting animal spirits, nervous fluids which rummaged through the pores of brain and body. The other is new connectionism, in which memories are 'stored' only superpositionally, and reconstructed rather than reproduced. Both models, argues John Sutton, depart from static archival metaphors by employing distributed representation, which brings interference and confusion between memory traces. Both raise urgent issues about control of the personal past, and about relations between self and body. Sutton demonstrates the role of bizarre body fluids in moral physiology, as philosophers from Descartes and Locke to Coleridge struggled to control their own innards and impose cognitive discipline on 'the phantasmal chaos of association'. Going on to defend connectionism against Fodor and critics of passive mental representations, he shows how pro

The support of Java Report by the pioneers of the language has always made it the 'magazine of record' for Java development. From the very beginnings of Java, Java Report was there, examining each new aspect of the language with a clear independent eye. Now, Dwight Deugo, the editor of Java Report, has gathered the most important articles from the first year of the magazine. Written by a who's who of industry experts, Java Gems covers today's most important aspects of Java development. Java Gems' top writers and developers walk you through the topic areas that are essential to today's Java developers, including multitasking, design patterns, class libraries, persistence, distributed computing, and Java vs C++.

Written by internationally acclaimed trainer and developer Scott Ambler, this book is a must-have resource for designers, programmers and testers of today's OO applications. The author takes you through the entire process of building object applications, from analyzing the project (so you know what you need to build), to designing a user-friendly interface, to testing your approaches to make sure your applications work properly. Building Object Applications That Work includes sections on: • how to use the Unified Modeling Language effectively • analysis, so you know what you need to build • design techniques, so that you know how you are going to build your application • collecting the right metrics to improve your development approach • applying OO patterns to improve the quality of your applications • creating applications for stand-alone, client/server and distributed environments • using both relational and object-oriented databases to make your objects persistent • architec

In this important study, Professor McIntosh argues against the suggestion that social regulation was a distinctive feature of the decades around 1600, resulting from Puritanism. Instead, through an examination of 255 village and small-town communities distributed throughout England, Professor McIntosh demonstrates that concern with wrongdoing mounted gradually between 1370 and 1600. In an attempt to maintain good order and enforce ethical conduct, local leaders prosecuted people who slandered or quarrelled with their neighbours, engaged in sexual misdeeds, operated unruly alehouses, or refused to work. Professor McIntosh also explores who the offenders were as well as the factors that led to misbehaviour and shaped responses to it. More generally, Professor McIntosh sheds light on the transition from medieval to early modern patterns and succeeds here in opening up little-known sources and new research methods.

Plant Life Histories re-examines patterns of relationship between plant life history traits in phylogenetic perspective. The re-examination first recognises that because evolution is a branching process, traits are not randomly distributed across taxa and that therefore analysis of trait correlations cannot treat species as independent data points. It then discusses the use of phylogeny to reconstruct the evolutionary pathways of traits. Part I looks at the use of the phylogenetic perspective on trait correlation. Parts II-IV examine traits from the reproductive phase from seed production and dispersal to recruitment and growth. The final section looks at interactions between plants and competitors, herbivores and microbial symbionts, recognising that these interactions may have an ancient evolutionary history. Students and researchers of evolution, ecology and botany will find much of value here.

The genus Macaca is the most widely distributed of non-human primates and is found in 20 countries in South-East Asia and North Africa. Over the comparatively short time span of 5 million years, macaques have evolved diverse forms, from long-tailed arboreal types to robust terrestrial animals, and inhabit a variety of habitats. Although macaques are probably one of the most studied monkeys both in the wild and in captivity, data from long-term studies and pioneering work on little-known species are only just emerging. In this 1996 book, world authorities on macaques interpret research and present syntheses of many aspects of macaque ecology, evolution, behaviour and conservation. This book will prove to be the definitive synthesis of the subject for all those interested in this fascinating group of monkeys for many years to come.

This comprehensive study explores all aspects of the English business community as it developed between 1590 and 1720. Drawing on largely untapped records of private firms as well as on institutional archives, Richard Grassby describes and explains the economic and technical structure of business in a pre-industrial economy and examines the ways in which social values, demographic factors, the family, the state and religion distributed talent, trained and motivated businessmen and determined their life style. The important conclusion which emerges from his study is that individual initiative and a fluid social structure largely account for differences in response to economic opportunities between England and other pre-industrial societies. His book offers an empirically based analysis of why men entered business, how they lived and worked and what they achieved, and it will appeal to all who wish to understand the dynamics of pre-industrial growth and the interaction between business a

This book was originally published in 1995. At the time of publication, distributed file systems were monolithic and only supported single file abstractions. Network storage devices needed to be able to accommodate emerging information media such as digital audio and video, with data radically different in characteristics to traditional text and binary that file systems were optimised for. By combining emerging and traditional media, information could be recorded and presented in the most suitable way, and the value of a piece of information could be further enhanced by linking together related pieces. However composite data and cross-reference between data items raised a number of system issues that had not been addressed properly before. In this book Dr Lo defined a multi-service storage architecture that could meet the needs of existing and emerging applications and support multiple file abstractions. He also explored a number of related design issues.

The landed estates were one of the fundamental structures of early modern England. They were omnipresent, for they were not confined to the countryside but penetrated into every borough and city. English society was composed largely of landlords and tenants. It follows that to understand the nature of this society the relationship between the two must be studied, and in particular the role of the man who linked them: the estate steward. Stewards, Lords and People analyses the role of the estate stewards in the social mechanisms of later Stuart England. It is based on many years of research among more than 10,000 letters exchanged by stewards and their masters about estates as widely distributed as Northumberland and Cornwall, Cumberland and Sussex.

The largest land mammals are constrained in their activities by their large body size, a theme that is emphasized in this account of their general ecology. The book begins by raising the question as to why these once abundant and widely distributed 'megaherbivores' - elephants, rhinos, hippos and giraffes - have all but gone extinct, and ends by considering the implications of the answer for the conservation of the remaining populations. Existing megaherbivores are placed in the context of the more numerous species which occurred worldwide until the end of the last Ice Age, and knowledge of the ecology of surviving species is used to analyse the cause of the extinctions. The information and ideas contained in this book are of crucial importance to all concerned with halting the rapidly worsening conservation status of remaining elephant and rhinoceros species, and carries a wider message for those concerned with the ramifying effects of man on ecosystem processes. Graduate students and

In this 1991 book, Hilbers discusses the general case of how to use processors simultaneously in order to solve a single problem rather than any specific application, and develops a theory independent of particular architectures. He starts by introducing distributed computing with graph theory, and considers processor networks and their price/performance ratios. He goes on to look at obtaining homogeneous distributions of work over networks and considers examples. Finally he discusses message routing within a processor network. This is intended to be a fundamental treatment of the relevant subjects and is aimed at computer scientists and graduate students in computer science who have experience with parallel processing: it will also be useful to others interested in processor networks.

In studying the dynamics of populations, whether of animals, plants or cells, it is crucial to allow for intrinsic delays, due to such things as gestation, maturation or transport. This book is concerned with one of the fundamental questions in the analysis of the effect of delays, namely determining whether they effect the stability of steady states. The analysis is presented for one or two such delays treated both as discrete, where an event which occurred at a precise time in the past has an effect now, and distributed, where the delay is averaged over the population's history. Both of these types occur in biological contexts. The method used to tackle these questions is linear stability analysis which leads to an understanding of the local stability. By avoiding global questions, the author has kept the mathematical prerequisites to a minimum, essentially advanced calculus and ordinary differential equations.

Debate about deregulation has focused considerable attention on the pricing policies of public utilities. Much work has been done by economists on this subject, and in this book the results of that research are presented and made accessible to students of economics. The main subject is the policy to be followed by a regulated monopoly, but the analysis is broadened to take account of a fringe of competitive suppliers, making it relevant to electric utilities and local telephone companies in the US, to PTT's in Europe, to the possible privatisatibn of telecommunications in Australia, and to the telecommunications structure in the UK where the dominant supplier has recently been privatised. The book gives a unified and simplified exposition of the modern theory of efficient pricing which is not available elsewhere. The theoretical discussion is supplemented by numerical simulation comparing Fully Distributed Cost Pricing, Ramsey Pricing, and Optimal Non-uniform Pricing.

How should medical services be distributed within society? Who should pay for them? Is it right that large amounts should be spent on sophisticated technology and expensive operations, or would the resources be better employed in, for instance, less costly preventive measures? These and others are the questions addreses in this book. Norman Daniels examines some of the dilemmas thrown up by conflicting demands for medical attention, and goes on to advance a theory of justice in the distribution of health care. The central argument is that health care, both preventive and acute, has a crucial effect on equality of opportunity, and that a principle guaranteeing equality of opportunity must underly the distribution of health-care services. Access to care, preventive measures, treatment of the elderly, and the obligations of doctors and medical administrations are fully discussed, and the theory is shown to underwrite various practical policies in the area.

This book analyses Hungarian collectivization from a sociological perspective. Rather than consider Eastern European societies in the light of social stratification and social mobility surveys, it takes as its point of departure the commitment of Eastern European societies to industrialization within the constraints of a socialist economy and, by examining social change from the viewpoint of labour and those who control it, places the focus more strongly than has traditionally been the case on the production of social wealth, and the relations which circumscribe it, rather than on the ways in which wealth is distributed and consumed.

The question why certain kinds of legal institutions are found in certain kinds of societies has been little explored by anthropologists. In this book Katherine Newman examines a sample of some sixty different preindustrial societies, distributed across the world, in an attempt to explain why their legal systems vary. The key to understanding this variation, Professor Newman argues, is to be found in economic organization. Adopting a Marxian, or materialist, approach, she draws on original ethnographic sources for each culture in order to investigate how legal processes and institutions regulate basic aspects of economic life in societies with differing types of economic organization. She also examines the commonalities of law within various preindustrial 'modes of production' and shows that the patterning of legal institutions arises from underlying tensions in production systems. In offering an explanation of the distribution of legal institutions across preindustrial societies, as w

In this survey of political participation in seven nations - Nigeria, Austria, Japan, India, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia and the United States - the authors examine the relationship between social, economic, and educational factors and political participation. The book provides insight into an ongoing debate among political scientists and sociologist: why is political participation in some nations distributed evenly across economic, social, and educational lines, whereas other nations foster participation only by their privileged classes? The book treats politics not only as a dependent variable influenced by socioeconomic factors, but also as an independent variable that affects levels of political participation through variations in party systems and linkages between parties and other organizations.

本書是《The Wingfeather Saga》首部曲，推出全新平裝版，累積銷量已突破七十萬冊。故事從懸崖上的小屋展開，Igiby 兄妹與忠犬 Nugget 在母親與外祖父的守護下長大，卻被迫捲入黑海彼端而來的邪惡勢力追逐，並逐步揭開關於王國與傳說的真相。作品以溫暖幽默的敘事，描寫家人之愛、勇氣與選擇，層次豐富卻不沉重，適合親子朗讀與討論。本版收錄插畫家 Joe Sutphin 的全新內頁插圖、地圖與趣味註腳，閱讀節奏流暢。系列並改編為動畫影集，由 Angel Studios 推出，讓這段冒險以不同形式陪伴新一代讀者。PUBLISHERS WEEKLY AND ECPA BESTSELLER - Now in paperback! Once, in a cottage above the cliffs on the Dark Sea of Darkness, there lived three children and their trusty dog, Nugget. NOW AN ANIMATED SERIES - Based on Andrew Peterson's epic fantasy novels--starring Jody Benson, Henry Ian Cusick, and Kevin McNally. Executive Producer J. Chris Wall with Shining Isle Productions, and distributed by Angel Studios. Janner Igiby, his brother, Tink, and their disabled sister, Leeli, are gifted children as all children are, loved well by a noble mother and ex-pirate grandfather. But they will need all their gifts and all that they love to survive the evil pursuit of the venomous Fangs of Dang, who have crossed the dark sea to rule the land

本書將大數據技術生態圈主流技術框架的應用與發展、搭建Hadoop大數據分布式系統集群平臺、大數據分布式文件系統HDFS（Hadoop Distributed File System）、大數據分布式並行計算框架MapReduce、大數據汽車銷售數據統計分析項目5大模塊分為11章內容進行闡述。具體分佈情況如下：第1章是大數據概論，介紹大數據的發展背景及基本概念；第2章是搭建Hadoop分布式集群；第3～6章是HDFS分布式文件系統入門、HDFS接口、HDFS的運行機制、Hadoop I/O流操作；第7～10章是初識MapReduce編程模型、MapReduce應用編程開發、MapReduce編程案例、MapReduce運行機制與YARN平臺；第11章是汽車銷售數據統計分析項目實戰。本書將理論與實踐相結合，介紹了大數據的核心技術，並通過介紹一個企業的開發項目，深入講解大數據技術在實際工作中的應用。本書是為所有熱愛大數據、打算從事大數據相關工作的讀者而編寫的，適合有Java編程基礎的學習者參考使用，也適合作為高等院校、培訓機構的大數據技術教材。

本書從新時代商業環境出發，緊隨市場熱點，如分布式自治組織(distributed autonomous organization，DAO)、非同質化通證(non-fungible token，NFT)、元宇宙、Web 3.0 、資產數字化、反壟斷、要素市場化配置等，以企業數字化轉型為核心，以區塊鏈等數字化技術為基本點，以場景為基本面，勾勒了數字化時代分布式商業演化的新趨勢，以及其對企業經營管理的影響，提出了數字化時代企業數字化轉型的新策略和分布式經營管理的低成本、高效率發展方案。本書全面分析了分布式商業產生的背景及其本質內涵，認為分布式商業是未來商業演化的必然趨勢。分布式商業生態戰略不但是未來企業生存的基本戰略，而且是元宇宙商業生態建設的底層邏輯，並將Web 3.0 、DAO、NFT、元宇宙等新興事物融入分布式商業生態體系中，深度解讀了數字化時代的新商業邏輯和戰略思維。同時，就分布式商業生態戰略的具體設計要素和生態建設內核進行深度分析與詮釋。最後，就該戰略下的組織結構和人才特徵進行詳解。本書在研究過程中隨需以大小案例支撐研究結果的提出。本書的讀者對象為區塊鏈行業從業者、企業管理者、政府相關機構決策者，以及對數字化轉型、區塊鏈應用、NFT、元宇宙生態佈局有需求的社會各界人士。

大三提早畢業、次年律師考試第二名、司法官二試通過 想要把書念得好，重要的關鍵是企圖心與執行力。 數次略讀與一次性精讀，哪個最好？ 不要厭惡遺忘，而是與遺忘共處。 與他人不同的心態與讀書策略，正是成功的訣竅所在。 一本充滿「希望感」的學習祕笈，以正向、樂觀的輕盈卻又不失縝密的筆法重新詮釋讀書考試的意義，書中沒有陳腐的勸世格言，坦率且饒富趣味地直指大眾學習的盲點。──國立臺灣大學師資培育中心副教授／洪承宇 「希望感」與朝著夢想前進的自我鍛練 洪承宇 （國立臺灣大學師資培育中心副教授） 美國心理學家Charles Richard Snyder在希望感理論（hope theory）中提到，一個人在面對挑戰時，能夠通過困難的低谷走向高峰，「希望感」扮演著關鍵的因素。若我們進一步解構此抽象的心理概念究竟為何，簡而言之包含著：目標（goals）、策略（pathways thinking）、意志力（agency thinking），缺一不可。拾起本書閱讀的你，也許你正憧憬著夢想，或者已經朝著夢想前進，請你不時地自我叩問是否三要素都已具備？ 這是一本充滿「希望感」的學習祕笈，臥薪嚐膽、寒窗苦讀已經是不符合現代學習科學的閉門造車模式，作者吳盼盼以正向、樂觀的輕盈卻又不失縝密的筆法重新詮釋讀書考試對她的意義，書中沒有陳腐的勸世格言，坦率且饒富趣味地直指大眾學習的盲點。本書富含不同的學習策略，從學習規劃、閱讀策略、「糾錯本」、刻意練習、鞏固長期記憶等技巧，而這些作者自身經驗的歸納恰巧也不偏不倚地對應了許多學習科學的實證結果。例如，作者提到「數次略讀比一次性精讀更好」，與教育心理學中「分散式練習」（distributed practice）不謀而合；此外，作者不像許多備考生以幾近厭世的態度來看待大腦的「遺忘」機制，反而異常樂觀地練習「跟遺忘共處」，並且用提取練習的方式來對抗學習理論中所謂的「艾賓豪斯遺忘曲線」（Ebbinghaus forgetting curve，學習者在學習完一個月內會逐漸遺忘其中大約80%的學習內容），雖然作者不是教育學出身，但書中的試誤經驗所歸結之技巧與幽默的口吻，都令我會心認同。 回到Snyder的希望感理論中的三元素，「目標」我相信很多考生都十分明確，而本書用了許多篇幅分享了多元的「策略」，然而此理論中最難攀登的部分實屬「意志力」元素，而這牽涉到內控

本書是一本立足本科生水平的電動力學教材，主要闡述電磁場理論，分析各個實驗定律，從中總結出電磁場的普遍規律，建立麥克斯韋方程組和洛倫茲力公式，討論恒定電磁場問題，說明一些恒定場的基本性質和求解電場和磁場問題的一些基本方法，討論電磁波的傳播與輻射，介紹一般情況下勢的概念和輻射電磁場的計算方法，*後將電動力學的參考系引入相對論時空觀，導出電磁場量在不同參考系間的變換，並且說明相對論力學的基本概念。本書注重把現代物理前沿引入教學，把電動力學問題擴展到多個前沿的研究領域，如固體物理、天體物理、核物理學、計算物理等。本書涵蓋我國物理專業電動力學課程的基本內容，可作為高等學校物理專業低年級學生學習電動力學課程的教材或參考書，也可作為電子、材料、通信等專業高年級學生的教學參考書。This is a blingual edition of the following title published by Cambridge University Press:Introduction to Electrodynamics，Fourth edition，ISBN 9781108420419This book was previously published by Pearson Education,Inc. 1989, 1999, 2013Reprinted 2018Cambridge University Press and China Machine Press 2020.This blingual of edition is authorized for sale in the People’s Republic of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) only. Unauthorised export of this blingual edition is a violation of the Copyright Act. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permis

Remoting offers developers many ways to customize the communications process, for efficiency, security, performance and power, and allows seamless integration of components running on several computer

In the Making is a compelling read and the ideal launchpad for anyone wanting to understand all the essential, but sometimes elusive, aspects of art-making in the 21st century.