Essential Math for Data Science

Pragmatic and Adaptable Textbook Meets the Needs of Students and Instructors from Diverse FieldsNumerical analysis is a core subject in data science and an essential tool for applied mathematicians, e

This volume provides a practical introduction to the method of maximum likelihood as used in social science research. Ward and Ahlquist focus on applied computation in R and use real social science data from actual, published research. Unique among books at this level, it develops simulation-based tools for model evaluation and selection alongside statistical inference. The book covers standard models for categorical data as well as counts, duration data, and strategies for dealing with data missingness. By working through examples, math, and code, the authors build an understanding about the contexts in which maximum likelihood methods are useful and develop skills in translating mathematical statements into executable computer code. Readers will not only be taught to use likelihood-based tools and generate meaningful interpretations, but they will also acquire a solid foundation for continued study of more advanced statistical techniques.

This volume provides a practical introduction to the method of maximum likelihood as used in social science research. Ward and Ahlquist focus on applied computation in R and use real social science data from actual, published research. Unique among books at this level, it develops simulation-based tools for model evaluation and selection alongside statistical inference. The book covers standard models for categorical data as well as counts, duration data, and strategies for dealing with data missingness. By working through examples, math, and code, the authors build an understanding about the contexts in which maximum likelihood methods are useful and develop skills in translating mathematical statements into executable computer code. Readers will not only be taught to use likelihood-based tools and generate meaningful interpretations, but they will also acquire a solid foundation for continued study of more advanced statistical techniques.

Written specifically for graduate students and practitioners beginning social science research, Statistical Modeling and Inference for Social Science covers the essential statistical tools, models and theories that make up the social scientist's toolkit. Assuming no prior knowledge of statistics, this textbook introduces students to probability theory, statistical inference and statistical modeling, and emphasizes the connection between statistical procedures and social science theory. Sean Gailmard develops core statistical theory as a set of tools to model and assess relationships between variables - the primary aim of social scientists - and demonstrates the ways in which social scientists express and test substantive theoretical arguments in various models. Chapter exercises guide students in applying concepts to data, extending their grasp of core theoretical concepts. Students will also gain the ability to create, read and critique statistical applications in their fields of inte

Between the high-level concepts of business intelligence and the nitty-gritty instructions for using vendors’ tools lies the essential, yet poorly understood layer of architecture, design, and process

Written specifically for graduate students and practitioners beginning social science research, Statistical Modeling and Inference for Social Science covers the essential statistical tools, models and theories that make up the social scientist's toolkit. Assuming no prior knowledge of statistics, this textbook introduces students to probability theory, statistical inference and statistical modeling, and emphasizes the connection between statistical procedures and social science theory. Sean Gailmard develops core statistical theory as a set of tools to model and assess relationships between variables - the primary aim of social scientists - and demonstrates the ways in which social scientists express and test substantive theoretical arguments in various models. Chapter exercises guide students in applying concepts to data, extending their grasp of core theoretical concepts. Students will also gain the ability to create, read and critique statistical applications in their fields of inte

Essential Skills for Health Career Success strengthens the basic academic skills?such as reading, writing, science, and math?that students need for a successful career in healthcare. Used for a stand-

Learn how to use PTC Mathcad Prime 3.0, one of the world's leading tools for technical computing, in the context of engineering, science, and math applications. Quickly harness the power of Mathcad to

Students save money by purchasing this bundle which includes Essential Calculus: Early Transcendentals, 2nd Edition and access to Enhanced WebAssign Homework with eBook for Multi-Term Math and Science

This is an essential guide to the data, basic science, outcome studies and decision-making processes involved in blood and marrow stem cell transplantation. Organized according to disease types and procedures, it contains more than 100 tables, figures and algorithms that reflect up-to-date research and give guidance on the choices between different types of chemotherapy, autologous vs. allogeneic transplantation, peripheral blood vs. bone marrow stem cells, and standard vs. experimental treatments. This new edition summarizes the research of the last four years and gives mature data for all established indications, such as acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. New chapters discuss global trends in stem cell transplantation, cellular therapies including donor lymphocytes, and pediatric neurologic and metabolic disorders. With an expanded complications section, links to electronic databases and discussion of new drugs and alternative stem

A unique introduction to the design, analysis, and presentation of scientific projects, this is an essential textbook for undergraduate majors in science and mathematics. The textbook gives an overview of the main methods used in scientific research, including hypothesis testing, the measurement of functional relationships, and observational research. It describes important features of experimental design, such as the control of errors, instrument calibration, data analysis, laboratory safety, and the treatment of human subjects. Important concepts in statistics are discussed, focusing on standard error, the meaning of p values, and use of elementary statistical tests. The textbook introduces some of the main ideas in mathematical modeling, including order-of-magnitude analysis, function fitting, Fourier transforms, recursion relations, and difference approximations to differential equations. It also provides guidelines on accessing scientific literature, and preparing scientific paper

This book provides an essential understanding of statistical concepts necessary for the analysis of genomic and proteomic data using computational techniques. The author presents both basic and advanc

An essential collection of essays for librarians looking to provide E-science programs and capabilities to their institutions.

The Remote Sensing Data Book provides a unique resource of all aspects of remote sensing for the expert and non-expert alike. Organised as a dictionary, it contains over 700 alphabetically-arranged and cross-referenced entries on how remote sensing works, what kinds of data are available, and the large number of satellites and instruments from which the information is obtained. As well as short technical definitions, it also includes longer essays and reviews to give an overview of the subject. Although not a textbook in itself, the data book will serve as a valuable addition to existing textbooks for undergraduates and graduate students on geography, environmental and earth science courses that include an element of remote sensing. It will also be an essential reference for researchers and research managers at all levels using spaceborne remote sensing methods to obtain information about the earth's land, sea, ice and atmosphere.

The Remote Sensing Data Book provides a unique resource of all aspects of remote sensing for the expert and non-expert alike. Organised as a dictionary, it contains over 700 alphabetically-arranged and cross-referenced entries on how remote sensing works, what kinds of data are available, and the large number of satellites and instruments from which the information is obtained. As well as short technical definitions, it also includes longer essays and reviews to give an overview of the subject. Although not a textbook in itself, the data book will serve as a valuable addition to existing textbooks for undergraduates and graduate students on geography, environmental and earth science courses that include an element of remote sensing. It will also be an essential reference for researchers and research managers at all levels using spaceborne remote sensing methods to obtain information about the earth's land, sea, ice and atmosphere.

Much of the statistical information currently produced by federal statistical agencies - information about economic, social, and physical well-being that is essential for the functioning of modern society - comes from sample surveys. In recent years, there has been a proliferation of data from other sources, including data collected by government agencies while administering programs, satellite and sensor data, private-sector data such as electronic health records and credit card transaction data, and massive amounts of data available on the internet. How can these data sources be used to enhance the information currently collected on surveys, and to provide new frontiers for producing information and statistics to benefit American society? Toward a 21st Century National Data Infrastructure: Enhancing Survey Programs by Using Multiple Data Sources, the second report in a series funded by the National Science Foundation, discusses how use of multiple data sources can improve the quality

An offbeat guide to math from award-winning author and illustrator David Macaulay. David Macaulay's troupe of curious mammoths lead you through the basics of numbers, geometry, measurement, and much more in this unconventional and highly original guide to math. From computer games to bridges, shopping malls to game shows, math is all around you if you look closely enough. In Mammoth Math, not only will you learn the essential principles of math, you'll enjoy learning about them. From start to finish, let the mammoths be your guide as they seek to understand the math! These intrepid demonstrators will go to incredible lengths to educate and entertain, as they wrestle with adding or subtracting large numbers, measuring angles, reading 24-hour time, creating a pie chart, solving equations, and much more. Following on from Mammoth Science is best-selling illustrator David Macaulay, whose How Machines Work won the Royal Society Young People's Book Prize in 2016. Renowned for his ability to

Use the simplicity of dimensional analysis to make accurate drug calculations! Mulholland's The Nurse, The Math, The Meds, 5th Edition helps you overcome any math anxiety you may have by clearly explaining how to use the dimensional analysis method to minimize drug calculation errors. First, a review of basic math ensures that you remember essential math skills. The book then shows how to analyze and set up problems, estimate a reasonable answer, and evaluate the answer for accuracy. From nursing educator Susan J. Turner, this edition includes plenty of practice exercises as well as new Next Generation NCLEX(R) (NGN) case studies to prepare you for the NGN exam. UNIQUE! Useful FAQs and answers in each chapter are based on years of classroom questions compiled by the author. UNIQUE! Communication boxes show sample nurse-patient and nurse-prescriber dialogues that can help reduce medication errors. UNIQUE! Ask Yourself questions help you synthesize information and reinforce your comprehe

Providing a concise and accessible overview of the design, implementation and management of medical software, this textbook will equip students with a solid understanding of critical considerations for both standalone medical software (software as a medical device/SaMD) and software that is integrated into hardware devices. It includes: practical discussion of key regulatory documents and industry standards, and how these translate into concrete considerations for medical software design; detailed coverage of the medical software lifecycle process ; accessible introduction to quality and risk management systems in the context of medical software; succinct coverage of essential topics in data science, machine learning, statistics, cybersecurity, software engineering and healthcare bring readers up-to-speed; six cautionary real-world case studies illustrate the dangers of improper or careless software processes. Accompanied by online resources for instructors, this is the ideal introduct

Fay and Brittain present statistical hypothesis testing and compatible confidence intervals, focusing on application and proper interpretation. The emphasis is on equipping applied statisticians with enough tools - and advice on choosing among them - to find reasonable methods for almost any problem and enough theory to tackle new problems by modifying existing methods. After covering the basic mathematical theory and scientific principles, tests and confidence intervals are developed for specific types of data. Essential methods for applications are covered, such as general procedures for creating tests (e.g., likelihood ratio, bootstrap, permutation, testing from models), adjustments for multiple testing, clustering, stratification, causality, censoring, missing data, group sequential tests, and non-inferiority tests. New methods developed by the authors are included throughout, such as melded confidence intervals for comparing two samples and confidence intervals associated with Wil

In the last few years, Algorithms for Convex Optimization have revolutionized algorithm design, both for discrete and continuous optimization problems. For problems like maximum flow, maximum matching, and submodular function minimization, the fastest algorithms involve essential methods such as gradient descent, mirror descent, interior point methods, and ellipsoid methods. The goal of this self-contained book is to enable researchers and professionals in computer science, data science, and machine learning to gain an in-depth understanding of these algorithms. The text emphasizes how to derive key algorithms for convex optimization from first principles and how to establish precise running time bounds. This modern text explains the success of these algorithms in problems of discrete optimization, as well as how these methods have significantly pushed the state of the art of convex optimization itself.

In the last few years, Algorithms for Convex Optimization have revolutionized algorithm design, both for discrete and continuous optimization problems. For problems like maximum flow, maximum matching, and submodular function minimization, the fastest algorithms involve essential methods such as gradient descent, mirror descent, interior point methods, and ellipsoid methods. The goal of this self-contained book is to enable researchers and professionals in computer science, data science, and machine learning to gain an in-depth understanding of these algorithms. The text emphasizes how to derive key algorithms for convex optimization from first principles and how to establish precise running time bounds. This modern text explains the success of these algorithms in problems of discrete optimization, as well as how these methods have significantly pushed the state of the art of convex optimization itself.

The first process-based textbook on how soils form and function in biogeochemical cycles, offering a self-contained and integrated overview of the field as it now stands for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in soil science, environmental science, and the wider Earth sciences. The jargon-free approach quickly familiarises students with the field's theoretical foundations before moving on to analyse chemical and other numerical data, building the necessary skills to develop questions and strategies for original research by the end of a single semester course. The field-based framework equips students with the essential tools for accessing and interpreting the vast USDA soil dataset, allowing them to establish a working knowledge of the most important modern developments in soil research. Complete with numerous end-of-chapter questions, figures and examples, students will find this textbook a multidisciplinary toolkit invaluable to their future careers.

The first process-based textbook on how soils form and function in biogeochemical cycles, offering a self-contained and integrated overview of the field as it now stands for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in soil science, environmental science, and the wider Earth sciences. The jargon-free approach quickly familiarises students with the field's theoretical foundations before moving on to analyse chemical and other numerical data, building the necessary skills to develop questions and strategies for original research by the end of a single semester course. The field-based framework equips students with the essential tools for accessing and interpreting the vast USDA soil dataset, allowing them to establish a working knowledge of the most important modern developments in soil research. Complete with numerous end-of-chapter questions, figures and examples, students will find this textbook a multidisciplinary toolkit invaluable to their future careers.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology in medical data analysis has led to the concept of radiomics. This book introduces the essential and latest technologies in radiomics, such as imaging segmentation, quantitative imaging feature extraction, and machine learning methods for model construction and performance evaluation, providing invaluable guidance for the researcher entering the field. It fully describes three key aspects of radiomic clinical practice: precision diagnosis, the therapeutic effect, and prognostic evaluation, which make radiomics a powerful tool in the clinical setting.This book is a very useful resource for scientists and computer engineers in machine learning and medical image analysis, scientists focusing on antineoplastic drugs, and radiologists, pathologists, oncologists, as well as surgeons wanting to understand radiomics and its potential in clinical practice.

'Phase-only Fresnel holograms,' which can be displayed on a single SLM without the need for lenses or complicated optical accessories, substantially simplifies 3-D holographic display systems. Exploring essential concepts, theories, and formulations of these phase-only Fresnel holograms, this book provides comprehensive coverage of modern methods for generating such holograms, which pave the way for commercial products such as compact holographic projectors, heads-up displays, and data security enhancement. Relevant MATLAB codes are provided for readers to implement and evaluate the theories and formulations of different methods, and can be used as a quick start framework for further research and development. This is a crucial and up-to-date treatment of phase-only Fresnel holograms for students and researchers in electrical and electronic engineering, computer science/engineering, applied physics, information technology, and multimedia technology, as well as engineers and scientists

The Stata edition of Imai’s groundbreaking textbook on data analysis and statistics for the social sciences and allied fieldsQuantitative analysis is an increasingly essential skill for social science

The Stata edition of Imai’s groundbreaking textbook on data analysis and statistics for the social sciences and allied fieldsQuantitative analysis is an increasingly essential skill for social science

'This marvellous book will transform your relationship with the numbers that swirl all around us' TIM HARFORD, author of The Undercover EconomistStatistics has played a leading role in our scientific understanding of the world for centuries, yet we are all familiar with the way statistical claims can be sensationalised, particularly in the media. In the age of big data, as data science becomes established as a discipline, a basic grasp of statistical literacy is more important than ever. In The Art of Statistics, David Spiegelhalter guides the reader through the essential principles we need in order to derive knowledge from data.Drawing on real world problems to introduce conceptual issues, he shows us how statistics can help us determine the luckiest passenger on the Titanic, whether serial killer Harold Shipman could have been caught earlier, and if screening for ovarian cancer is beneficial. How many trees are there on the planet? Do busier hospitals have higher survival rates? Why

The Earth and environmental sciences are becoming progressively more quantitative due to the increased use of mathematical models and new data analysis techniques. This accessible introduction presents an overview of the mathematical methods essential for understanding Earth processes, providing an invaluable resource for students and early career researchers who may have missed (or forgotten) the mathematics they need to succeed as scientists. Topics build gently from basic methods such as calculus to more advanced techniques including linear algebra and differential equations. The practical applications of the mathematical methods to a variety of topics are discussed, ranging from atmospheric science and oceanography to biogeochemistry and geophysics. Including over 530 exercises and end-of-chapter problems, as well as additional computer codes in Python and MATLAB®, this book supports readers in applying appropriate analytical or computational methods to solving real research questi

This comprehensive textbook teaches the fundamentals of database design, modeling, systems, data storage, and the evolving world of data warehousing, governance and more. Written by experienced educators and experts in big data, analytics, data quality, and data integration, it provides an up-to-date approach to database management. This full-color, illustrated text has a balanced theory-practice focus, covering essential topics, from established database technologies to recent trends, like Big Data, NoSQL, and more. Fundamental concepts are supported by real-world examples, query and code walkthroughs, and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in information systems or computer science. These examples are further supported by an online playground with multiple learning environments, including MySQL, MongoDB, Neo4j Cypher, and tree structure visualization. This combined learning approach connects key concepts throughout th

Build a core level of competency in SQL so you can recognize the parts of queries and write simple SQL statements. SQL knowledge is essential for anyone involved in programming, data science, and data

Fossils are essential to the reconstruction of the evolution of life and episodes in Earth history. Knowledge of biomineralization - the processes associated with the formation of mineralized biological structures - is essential to properly evaluate data derived from fossils. This book emphasizes skeletal formation and fossilization in a geologic framework in order to understand evolution, relationships between fossil groups, and the use of biomineral materials as geochemical proxies for understanding ancient oceans and climates. The focus is on shells and skeletons of calcareous organisms, and the book explores the fine structures and mode of growth of the characteristic crystalline units, taking advantage of most recent physical methodological advances. The book is richly illustrated and will be of great interest to advanced students and researchers in paleontology, Earth history, evolution, sedimentology, geochemistry, and materials science.

This textbook provides a clear, concise, and comprehensive introduction to methodological issues encountered by the various social science disciplines. It emphasizes applications, with detailed examples, so that readers can put these methods to work in their research. Within a unified framework, John Gerring and Dino Christenson integrate a variety of methods - descriptive and causal, observational and experimental, qualitative and quantitative. The text covers a wide range of topics including research design, data-gathering techniques, statistics, theoretical frameworks, and social science writing. It is designed both for those attempting to make sense of social science, as well as those aiming to conduct original research. The text is accompanied by online practice questions, exercises, examples, and additional resources, including related readings and websites. An essential resource for undergraduate and postgraduate programs in communications, criminal justice, economics, business,

This textbook provides a clear, concise, and comprehensive introduction to methodological issues encountered by the various social science disciplines. It emphasizes applications, with detailed examples, so that readers can put these methods to work in their research. Within a unified framework, John Gerring and Dino Christenson integrate a variety of methods - descriptive and causal, observational and experimental, qualitative and quantitative. The text covers a wide range of topics including research design, data-gathering techniques, statistics, theoretical frameworks, and social science writing. It is designed both for those attempting to make sense of social science, as well as those aiming to conduct original research. The text is accompanied by online practice questions, exercises, examples, and additional resources, including related readings and websites. An essential resource for undergraduate and postgraduate programs in communications, criminal justice, economics, business,

The first study of its kind, Regional Variation in Written American English takes a corpus-based approach to map over one hundred grammatical alternation variables across the United States. A multivariate spatial analysis of these maps shows that grammatical alternation variables follow a relatively small number of common regional patterns in American English, which can be explained based on both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. Based on this rigorous analysis of extensive data, Grieve identifies five primary modern American dialect regions, demonstrating that regional variation is far more pervasive and complex in natural language than is generally assumed. The wealth of maps and data, and the groundbreaking implications of this volume, make it essential reading for students and researchers in linguistics, English language, geography, computer science, sociology and communication studies.

An essential reference source on Mars exploration from space, blending scientific and historical data with detailed and unique illustrations. This two-volume set charts the chronological history of Mars exploration through missions from the dawn of the Space Age to the end of the Curiosity mission in 2014. It includes information on missions that were planned and never flew, as well as unsuccessful missions. This atlas is accessible to space enthusiasts, but the bibliography and meticulous detail make it a particularly valuable reference for academic researchers and students working in planetary science and planetary mapping, and in the history of space exploration.

Beginning with the landing of the Spirit and Opportunity rovers in 2004 and concluding with the end of the Curiosity mission in 2014, this second volume of The International Atlas of Mars Exploration continues the story of Mars exploration in spectacular detail. It is an essential reference source on Mars and its moons, combining scientific and historical data with detailed and unique illustrations to provide a thorough analysis of twenty-first-century Mars mission proposals, spacecraft operations, landing site selection and surface locations. Combining a wealth of data, facts and illustrations, most created for this volume, the atlas charts the history of modern Mars exploration in more detail than ever before. Like the first volume, the atlas is accessible to space enthusiasts, but the bibliography and meticulous detail make it a particularly valuable resource for academic researchers and students working in planetary science and planetary mapping.

Information technology is transforming the practices of medicine, nursing, and biomedical research. Computers can now render diagnoses and prognoses more accurately than humans. The concepts of privacy and confidentiality are evolving as data moves from paper to silicon to clouds. Big data promises financial wealth, as well as riches of information and benefits to science and public health. Online access and mobile apps provide patients with an unprecedented connection to their health and health records. This transformation is as unsettling as it is exhilarating. This unique new book is essential for anyone who uses computers in health care, biomedical research or public health, and cares about the ethical issues that arise in their work. With chapters spanning issues from professionalism and quality to mobile health and bioinformatics, it establishes what will become the 'core curriculum' in ethics and health informatics, a growing field which encourages truly inter- and multidiscipli