Innovative Computing Methods and Their Applications to Engineering Problems

Because of their intuitive layout, extensive mathematical capabilities, and convenient graphics, spreadsheets provide an easy, straightforward route to scientific computing. This textbook for undergraduate and entry-level graduate chemistry and chemical engineering students uses Excel, the most powerful available spreadsheet, to explore and solve problems in general and chemical data analysis. This is the only up-to-date text on the use of spreadsheets in chemistry. The book discusses topics including statistics, chemical equilibria, pH calculations, titrations, and instrumental methods such as chromatography, spectrometry, and electroanalysis. It contains many examples of data analysis, and uses spreadsheets for numerical simulations, and testing analytical procedures. It also treats modern data analysis methods such as linear and non-linear least squares in great detail, as well as methods based on Fourier transformation. The book shows how matrix methods can be powerful tools in dat

Because of their intuitive layout, extensive mathematical capabilities, and convenient graphics, spreadsheets provide an easy, straightforward route to scientific computing. This textbook for undergraduate and entry-level graduate chemistry and chemical engineering students uses Excel, the most powerful available spreadsheet, to explore and solve problems in general and chemical data analysis. This is the only up-to-date text on the use of spreadsheets in chemistry. The book discusses topics including statistics, chemical equilibria, pH calculations, titrations, and instrumental methods such as chromatography, spectrometry, and electroanalysis. It contains many examples of data analysis, and uses spreadsheets for numerical simulations, and testing analytical procedures. It also treats modern data analysis methods such as linear and non-linear least squares in great detail, as well as methods based on Fourier transformation. The book shows how matrix methods can be powerful tools in dat

Spectral sequences are among the most elegant, most powerful, and most complicated methods of computation in mathematics. This book describes some of the most important examples of spectral sequences and some of their most spectacular applications. The first third of the book treats the algebraic foundations for this sort of homological algebra, starting from informal calculations, to give the novice a familiarity with the range of applications possible. The heart of the book is an exposition of the classical examples from homotopy theory, with chapters on the Leray-Serre spectral sequence, the Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence, the Adams spectral sequence, and, in this new edition, the Bockstein spectral sequence. The last part of the book treats applications throughout mathematics, including the theory of knots and links, algebraic geometry, differential geometry and algebra. This is an excellent reference for students and researchers in geometry, topology, and algebra.

Looking Into the Earth comprehensively describes the principles and applications of both 'global' and 'exploration' geophysics on all scales. It forms an introduction to geophysics suitable for those who do not necessarily intend to become professional geophysicists, including geologists, civil engineers, environmental scientists, and field archaeologists. The book is organised into two parts: Part 1 describes the geophysical methods, while Part 2 illustrates their use in a number of extended case histories. Mathematical and physical principles are introduced at an elementary level, and then developed as necessary. Student questions and exercises are included at the end of each chapter. The book is aimed primarily at introductory and intermediate university students taking courses in geology, earth science, environmental science, and engineering. It will also form an excellent introductory textbook in geophysics departments, and will help practising geologists, archaeologists and engin

The field of matter transport is central to understanding the processing of materials and their subsequent mechanical properties. While thermodynamics determines the final state of a material system, it is the kinetics of mass transport that governs how it gets there. This book, first published in 2000, gives a solid grounding in the principles of matter transport and their application to a range of engineering problems. The author develops a unified treatment of mass transport applicable to both solids and liquids. Traditionally matter transport in fluids is considered as an extension of heat transfer and can appear to have little relationship to diffusion in solids. This unified approach clearly makes the connection between these important fields. This book is aimed at advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students of materials science and engineering and related disciplines. It contains numerous worked examples and unsolved problems. The material can be covered in a one seme

The field of matter transport is central to understanding the processing of materials and their subsequent mechanical properties. While thermodynamics determines the final state of a material system, it is the kinetics of mass transport that governs how it gets there. This book, first published in 2000, gives a solid grounding in the principles of matter transport and their application to a range of engineering problems. The author develops a unified treatment of mass transport applicable to both solids and liquids. Traditionally matter transport in fluids is considered as an extension of heat transfer and can appear to have little relationship to diffusion in solids. This unified approach clearly makes the connection between these important fields. This book is aimed at advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students of materials science and engineering and related disciplines. It contains numerous worked examples and unsolved problems. The material can be covered in a one seme

Spectral sequences are among the most elegant, most powerful, and most complicated methods of computation in mathematics. This book describes some of the most important examples of spectral sequences and some of their most spectacular applications. The first third of the book treats the algebraic foundations for this sort of homological algebra, starting from informal calculations, to give the novice a familiarity with the range of applications possible. The heart of the book is an exposition of the classical examples from homotopy theory, with chapters on the Leray-Serre spectral sequence, the Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence, the Adams spectral sequence, and, in this new edition, the Bockstein spectral sequence. The last part of the book treats applications throughout mathematics, including the theory of knots and links, algebraic geometry, differential geometry and algebra. This is an excellent reference for students and researchers in geometry, topology, and algebra.

Modern policy problems require analysts to capture the interactions between policy and the complexities of economic and social life, as well as between policies of different types. Increasingly, microsimulation is employed to analyse these problems. This book brings together examples of microsimulation modelling that are at the frontiers of developments in the field, either because they extend the range of techniques available to modellers, or because they demonstrate new applications for established methods. It represents the state of the art with chapters on the use of microsimulation for comparative policy research and for challenging conventional assumptions, combining microsimulation with other types of economic models and the much-neglected subjects of model alignment and validation. Data and case studies are taken from regions including Asia-Pacific, Europe and North America.

Recent years have seen major progress in the development of equations to describe the motion of fluid-particle mixtures and their application to a limited range of problems. With rapid advances in numerical methods and computing power we are now presented with new opportunities to use direct integration of these equations in the solution of complex practical problems. However, results so obtained are only as good as the equations on which they are based, so it is essential to have a clear understanding of the underlying physics and the extent to which it is reflected properly in these equations. In The Dynamics of Fluidized Particles, first published in 2000, Jackson formulates these equations carefully and fully describes the important existing applications that serve to test their ability to predict salient phenomena. This account will be of value to both starters and established researchers in the field, and also to people interested in applying the equations to practical engineerin

Designed for anyone who needs a comprehensive introduction to the principles of statistical methods and their applications, this text is written in a practical, non-threatening style. Step-by-step wo

Archaeologists today need a wide range of scientific approaches in order to delineate and interpret the ecology of their sites. Dena Dincauze has written an authoritative and essential guide to a variety of archaeological methods, ranging from techniques for measuring time with isotopes and magnetism to the sciences of climate reconstruction, geomorphology, sedimentology, soil science, paleobotany and faunal paleoecology. Professor Dincauze insists that borrowing concepts from other disciplines demands a critical understanding of their theoretical roots. Moreover, the methods that are chosen must be appropriate to particular sets of data. The applications of the methods needed for an holistic human-ecology approach in archaeology are illustrated by examples ranging from the Paleolithic, through classical civilizations, to recent urban archaeology.

Now in paperback, this remains one of the classic expositions of the theory of wavelets from two of the subject's leading experts. In this volume the theory of paradifferential operators and the Cauchy kernel on Lipschitz curves are discussed with the emphasis firmly on their connection with wavelet bases. Sparse matrix representations of these operators can be given in terms of wavelet bases which have important applications in image processing and numerical analysis. This method is now widely studied and can be used to tackle a wide variety of problems arising in science and engineering. Put simply, this is an essential purchase for anyone researching the theory of wavelets.

This book, first published in 2000, addresses problems in financial mathematics of pricing and hedging derivative securities in an environment of uncertain and changing market volatility. These problems are important to investors from large trading institutions to pension funds. It presents mathematical and statistical tools that exploit the bursty nature of market volatility. The mathematics is introduced through examples and illustrated with simulations and the modeling approach that is described is validated and tested on market data. The material is suitable for a one semester course for graduate students who have had exposure to methods of stochastic modeling and arbitrage pricing theory in finance. It is easily accessible to derivatives practitioners in the financial engineering industry.

When a mechanical system consists of two or more coupled vibrating components, the vibration of one of the component subsystems may destabilize the motion of the other components. This destabilization effect is called autoparametric resonance. It is a concept that has important engineering applications. For example, vibrations in a pipeline induced by high-speed gas flows must be considered in the design and operation of the pipeline. This book is the first completely devoted to the subject of autoparametric resonance in an engineering context. Using the tools of nonlinear analysis, the authors show how to carry out the first crucial step, that is, how to determine the regions of parameter space where the semi-trivial solution is unstable. They describe what happens in these regions and then discuss non-trivial solutions and their stability. The study of autoparametric systems is a lively area of current research in engineering and applied mathematics, and this book will appeal to gra

This collection of articles by well-known experts was originally published in 2000 and is intended for researchers in computer science, practitioners of formal methods, and computer programmers working in safety-critical applications or in the technology of component-based systems. The work brings together several elements of this area that were fast becoming the focus of much research and practice in computing. The introduction by Clemens Szyperski gives a snapshot of research in the field. About half the articles deal with theoretical frameworks, models, and systems of notation; the rest of the book concentrates on case studies by researchers who have built prototype systems and present findings on architectures verification. The emphasis is on advances in the technological infrastructure of component-based systems; how to design and specify reusable components; and how to reason about, verify, and validate systems from components. Thus the book shows how theory might move into pract

How does an understanding of the behaviour of a given animal species contribute to its conservation? The answer to this question has profound consequences for our efforts to conserve endangered species. Behaviour and Conservation links the extraordinary advances that have been made in behavioural ecology over the last 30 years with the new discipline of conservation biology. It uses the power of an evolutionary approach to help solve problems in practical conservation, and suggests a new direction for behavioural ecology. The book addresses the ways in which behaviour and conservation interact, investigating the conservation impact of people, habitat loss and fragmentation, threats to wild populations of animals, conservation priorities and the use of behavioural approaches for conservation applications. Leading authorities in animal behaviour outline the relevance of their work to key problems in animal conservation for all researchers and students in the behavioural sciences and cons

Partial differential equations provide mathematical models of many important problems in the physical sciences and engineering. This book, first published in 2000, treats one class of such equations, concentrating on methods involving the use of surface potentials. It provided the first detailed exposition of the mathematical theory of boundary integral equations of the first kind on non-smooth domains. Included are chapters on three specific examples: the Laplace equation, the Helmholtz equation and the equations of linear elasticity. The book is designed to provide an ideal preparation for studying the modern research literature on boundary element methods.

Partial differential equations provide mathematical models of many important problems in the physical sciences and engineering. This book, first published in 2000, treats one class of such equations, concentrating on methods involving the use of surface potentials. It provided the first detailed exposition of the mathematical theory of boundary integral equations of the first kind on non-smooth domains. Included are chapters on three specific examples: the Laplace equation, the Helmholtz equation and the equations of linear elasticity. The book is designed to provide an ideal preparation for studying the modern research literature on boundary element methods.

Studies of dental and skeletal growth and development have often been treated as independent disciplines within the literature. Human Growth in the Past, first published in 1999, brings together these two related fields of enquiry in a single volume whose purpose is to place methodological issues of growth and development in past populations within a strong theoretical framework. Contributions examine a variety of aspects of human growth in the past, drawing from both palaeoanthropological and bioarchaeological data. The book covers a wide spectrum of topics, from patterns of growth in humans and their close relatives, innovative methods and applications of techniques and models for the study of growth, to estimation of age-at-death in subadults and infant mortality in archaeological samples. Human Growth in the Past will be of interest to biological anthropologists, and those in the related fields of dental anatomy, evolutionary biology and developmental biology.

Useful, well-written graduate level text designed to acquaint the reader with group-theoretic methods and to demonstrate their usefulness as tools in the solution of mathematical and physical problems

Numerical analysis is the subject of applied mathematics concerned mainly with using computers in evaluating or approximating mathematical models. As such, it is crucial to all applications of mathematics in science and engineering, as well as being an important discipline on its own. Acta Numerica surveys annually the most important developments in numerical analysis and scientific computing. The subjects and authors of the substantive survey articles are chosen by a distinguished international editorial board so as to report the most important developments in the subject in a manner accessible to the wider community of professionals with an interest in scientific computing.

This is a completely revised and updated edition of a highly acclaimed book. It describes the principles underlying the methods used to provide respiratory support and their clinical applications. It

First published in 1999, Dynamic Issues in Commercial Policy Analysis focuses on the explicit specification of dynamic mechanisms in the formal analytics of trade models. A wide range of modelling approaches is employed to investigate an even wider range of policy issues, with an overall objective of further extension of the basic conceptual framework of applied commercial policy analysis in the direction of dynamic issues and applications. Professors Baldwin and Francois and their contributors emphasise methods for the analysis of interactions between commercial policy and leading policy issues, including investment performance, economic growth and innovation, the location of industry, migration, and the environment.

This book generalises the classical theory of orthogonal polynomials on the complex unit circle, or on the real line to orthogonal rational functions whose poles are among a prescribed set of complex numbers. The first part treats the case where these poles are all outside the unit disk or in the lower half plane. Classical topics such as recurrence relations, numerical quadrature, interpolation properties, Favard theorems, convergence, asymptotics, and moment problems are generalised and treated in detail. The same topics are discussed for the different situation where the poles are located on the unit circle or on the extended real line. In the last chapter, several applications are mentioned including linear prediction, Pisarenko modelling, lossless inverse scattering, and network synthesis. This theory has many applications in theoretical real and complex analysis, approximation theory, numerical analysis, system theory, and in electrical engineering.

On-line learning is one of the most powerful and commonly used techniques for training large layered networks and has been used successfully in many real-world applications. Traditional analytical methods have been recently complemented by ones from statistical physics and Bayesian statistics. This powerful combination of analytical methods provides more insight and deeper understanding of existing algorithms and leads to novel and principled proposals for their improvement. This book presents a coherent picture of the state-of-the-art in the theoretical analysis of on-line learning. An introduction relates the subject to other developments in neural networks and explains the overall picture. Surveys by leading experts in the field combine new and established material and enable non-experts to learn more about the techniques and methods used. This book, the first in the area, provides a comprehensive view of the subject and will be welcomed by mathematicians, scientists and engineers,

An integral part of engineering design is the development of models that describe physical behavior or phenomena in mathematical terms. As engineering systems have become more complex, classic linear methods of modeling and analysis have proved inadequate, creating a need for nonlinear models to solve design problems. This 1999 text provides an introduction to mathematical modeling of linear and nonlinear systems, with an emphasis on the solution of nonlinear design problems. While encouraging the use of the computer as a tool for modeling and analysis, the aim is to discuss the basic concepts underlying computer techniques and to seek analytical solutions. Among topics covered are exact solution, numerical solution, graphical solution, and approximate solution methods; and the stability of nonlinear systems. Numerous examples show how to apply modeling methods to real engineering systems. The book also includes end-of-chapter problems and case studies of challenging design problems. I

The use of neural networks in signal processing is becoming increasingly widespread, with applications in many areas. Applied Neural Networks for Signal Processing is the first book to provide a comprehensive introduction to this broad field. It begins by covering the basic principles and models of neural networks in signal processing. The authors then discuss a number of powerful algorithms and architectures for a range of important problems, and describe practical implementation procedures. A key feature of the book is that many carefully designed simulation examples are included to help guide the reader in the development of systems for new applications. The book will be an invaluable reference for scientists and engineers working in communications, control or any other field related to signal processing. It can also be used as a textbook for graduate courses in electrical engineering and computer science.

The twin themes of computational complexity and information pervade this 1998 book. It starts with an introduction to the computational complexity of continuous mathematical models, that is, information-based complexity. This is then used to illustrate a variety of topics, including breaking the curse of dimensionality, complexity of path integration, solvability of ill-posed problems, the value of information in computation, assigning values to mathematical hypotheses, and new, improved methods for mathematical finance. The style is informal, and the goals are exposition, insight and motivation. A comprehensive bibliography is provided, to which readers are referred for precise statements of results and their proofs. As the first introductory book on the subject it will be invaluable as a guide to the area for the many students and researchers whose disciplines, ranging from physics to finance, are influenced by the computational complexity of continuous problems.

Beginning with a brief introduction to algorithms and diophantine equations, this volume aims to provide a coherent account of the methods used to find all the solutions to certain diophantine equations, particularly those procedures which have been developed for use on a computer. The study is divided into three parts, the emphasis throughout being on examining approaches with a wide range of applications. The first section considers basic techniques including local methods, sieving, descent arguments and the LLL algorithm. The second section explores problems which can be solved using Baker's theory of linear forms in logarithms. The final section looks at problems associated with curves, mainly focusing on rational and integral points on elliptic curves. Each chapter concludes with a useful set of exercises. A detailed bibliography is included. This book will appeal to graduate students and research workers, with a basic knowledge of number theory, who are interested in solving diop

Beginning with a brief introduction to algorithms and diophantine equations, this volume aims to provide a coherent account of the methods used to find all the solutions to certain diophantine equations, particularly those procedures which have been developed for use on a computer. The study is divided into three parts, the emphasis throughout being on examining approaches with a wide range of applications. The first section considers basic techniques including local methods, sieving, descent arguments and the LLL algorithm. The second section explores problems which can be solved using Baker's theory of linear forms in logarithms. The final section looks at problems associated with curves, mainly focusing on rational and integral points on elliptic curves. Each chapter concludes with a useful set of exercises. A detailed bibliography is included. This book will appeal to graduate students and research workers, with a basic knowledge of number theory, who are interested in solving diop

The theory of natural dualities, as presented in this text, is broad enough to encompass many known dualities through a rich assortment of substantive theorems, yet concrete enough to be used to generate an array of previously undiscovered dualities. This text will serve as a user manual for algebraists, for category theorists and for those who use algebra in their work, particularly mathematicians and computer scientists interested in non-classical logics. It will also give the specialist a complete account of the foundations, leading to the research frontier of this rapidly developing field. As the first text devoted to the theory of Natural Dualities, it provides an efficient path through a large body of results, examples and applications in this subject which is otherwise available only in scattered research papers. To enable the book to be used in courses, each chapter ends with an extensive exercise set. Several fundamental unsolved problems are included.

The underlying theme of this volume is how to invest assets over time to achieve satisfactory returns subject to uncertainties, various constraints and liability commitments. Most investors, be they individuals or institutions, do not diversify properly across markets nor across time. The papers utilize several approaches and integrate a number of techniques as well as discussing a variety of models that have either been implemented, are close to being implemented, or represent new innovative approaches that may lead to future novel applications. Other issues address the future of asset-liability management modeling. This includes models for individuals, and various financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies. This will lead to custom products, that is, financial engineering. All in all, this will be essential reading for all involved in analysing the financial markets.

This book introduces the basic principles of motivation as they apply to classroom learning and management in a readable, non-technical form. Covington argues against the popular notion that the problems existing in schools today stem primarily from a lack of student motivation. Instead, he asserts that students are motivated, sometimes even overly motivated, but often for the wrong reasons. Traditional teaching methods, including conventional grading procedures and an emphasis on competition, can contribute to student demoralization, and Covington identifies the ways in which students respond to misguided incentives. For some students, motivation is directed at avoiding failure by avoiding participation. For others, demoralization leads to withdrawal from an educational system that they believe to be irrelevant to their lives. Still other students are driven to prove their worth by outperforming fellow students. The book suggests practical, concrete ways that teachers can use classroo

This book introduces the basic principles of motivation as they apply to classroom learning and management in a readable, non-technical form. Covington argues against the popular notion that the problems existing in schools today stem primarily from a lack of student motivation. Instead, he asserts that students are motivated, sometimes even overly motivated, but often for the wrong reasons. Traditional teaching methods, including conventional grading procedures and an emphasis on competition, can contribute to student demoralization, and Covington identifies the ways in which students respond to misguided incentives. For some students, motivation is directed at avoiding failure by avoiding participation. For others, demoralization leads to withdrawal from an educational system that they believe to be irrelevant to their lives. Still other students are driven to prove their worth by outperforming fellow students. The book suggests practical, concrete ways that teachers can use classroo

Originally published by Cambridge University Press in 1900, A Treatise on the Theory of Screws is the definitive reference on screw theory. It gives a very complete geometrical treatment of the problems of small movements in rigid dynamics. In recent years the theory of screws has emerged as a novel mathematical resource for addressing complex engineering problems, with important applications to robotics, multibody dynamics, mechanical design, computational kinematics, and hybrid automatic control. The author, Sir Robert Stawell Ball, was born in Dublin in 1840 and studied at Trinity College, Dublin. When the Royal College of Science was founded in Dublin in 1867, Ball became the first professor of applied mathematics and mechanism. In 1874 he was appointed Royal Astronomer of Ireland, and in 1892 he assumed the Lowndean Chair of Astronomy and Geometry and the Directorship of the University Observatory at Cambridge, where he remained until his death in 1913.

This text takes a practical, step-by-step approach to algebraic curves and surface interpolation motivated by the understanding of the many practical applications in engineering analysis, approximation, and curve plotting problems. Because of its usefulness for computing, the algebraic approach is the main theme, but a brief discussion of the synthetic approach is also presented as a way of gaining additional insight before proceeding with the algebraic manipulation. The authors start with simple interpolation, including splines, and extend this in an intuitive fashion to the production of conic sections. They then introduce projective co-ordinates as tools for dealing with higher order curves and singular points. They present many applications and concrete examples, including parabolic interpolation, geometric approximation, and the numerical solution of trajectory problems. In the final chapter they apply the basic theory to the construction of finite element basis functions and surf

This book is a comprehensive introduction to the mechanical properties of ceramics, and is designed primarily as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in materials science and engineering. Over the past 25 years ceramics have become key materials in the development of many new technologies as scientists have been able to design these materials with new structures and properties. An understanding of the factors that influence their mechanical behavior and reliability is essential. This book will introduce the reader to current concepts in the field. It contains problems and exercises to help readers develop their skills. Although designed principally as a textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate students, this book will also be of value as a supplementary text for more general courses and to industrial scientists and engineers involved in the development of ceramic-based products, materials selection and mechanical design.

This unique publication summarises fifty years of Russian research on shock compression of condensed matter using chemical and nuclear explosions. This information, and the equations of state derived from it, have important applications in physics, materials science and engineering. An introductory chapter describes the importance of Russian experiments in a global context. The second chapter describes the experimental devices used. Following chapters summarise the results of experiments on pure metals, metal alloys and compounds, minerals, rocks, organic solids and liquids. The book covers experiments with pressures ranging from 2.5 GPa to 1 TPa using chemical explosives in laboratory conditions and to 10 TPa in underground nuclear tests. Attention is given to theoretical aspects, experimental problems, and data analysis. The data in this book are quite unique as, with the cessation of large scale underground nuclear tests, it will be some time before similar pressures can be generate

This volume provides a concise, historical review of the methods of structural analysis and design - from Galileo in the seventeenth century, to the present day. Through it, students in structural engineering and professional engineers will gain a deeper understanding of the theory behind the modern software packages they use daily in structural design. This book also offers the reader a lucid examination of the process of structural analysis and how it relates to modern design. The first three chapters cover questions about the strength of materials, and how to calculate local effects. An account is then given of the development of the equations of elastic flexure and buckling, followed by a separate chapter on masonry arches. Three chapters on the overall behaviour of elastic structures lead to a discussion of plastic behaviour, and a final chapter indicates that there are still problems needing solution.

Powerful techniques have been developed in recent years for the analysis of digital data, especially the manipulation of images. This book provides an in-depth introduction to a range of these innovative, avante-garde data-processing techniques. It develops the reader's understanding of each technique and then shows with practical examples how they can be applied to improve the skills of graduate students and researchers in astronomy, electrical engineering, physics, geophysics and medical imaging. What sets this book apart from others on the subject is the complementary blend of theory and practical application. Throughout, it is copiously illustrated with real-world examples from astronomy, electrical engineering, remote sensing and medicine. It also shows how many, more traditional, methods can be enhanced by incorporating the new wavelet and multiscale methods into the processing. For graduate students and researchers already experienced in image processing and data analysis, this