英國預算問題(the British Budgetary Question)是指英國作為歐洲共同體成員國對歐共體預算繳納多于它從歐共體預算中獲益的問題,簡稱“the BBQ”。英國預算問題產生於1970—1972年英國就加入歐洲共同體談判之時,在1973年英國正式加入共同體后成為一個保留問題。此后直至1984年6月楓丹白露峰會的較長時期,英國預算問題成了英國歐洲政策的重要內容,預算問題一直困擾著英
公元前,在萊茵河與易北河生活著20多個部落,稱為日爾曼人。羅馬帝國經過多年征戰,于公元前58年將疆域拓展到萊茵河。當時的日耳曼人,在赫曼(Hermann)的領導下團結一致,于條頓堡森林(Teutoburg Forest)大敗羅馬軍隊,歷史遂以條頓(Teuton)稱呼這個民族。公元2~3世紀,日爾曼部族從散居狀態逐漸形成了撒克遜、法蘭克、巴伐利亞、圖林根、黑森等較穩定的部落。3世紀時。查理曼(Charlernagne)帝國幾乎統一了日耳曼諸族。814年查理大帝去世,形成了東西兩個王國,其分界線大致與德語和法語之間的語言界限相當。講法語的西法蘭克王國后來演變成今天的法國,而講德語的東法蘭克王國的居民開始用德意志來稱呼自己的語言和民族。919年,撤克遜公爵亨利一世即位,正式創立德意志早期封建國家,這是嚴格意義上的德國歷史的開始。這時的王國大致包括今日的荷蘭、德國、瑞士、奧地利。14世紀中期,德國出現封建割據,分裂成幾百個邦國。15、16世紀,意大利掀起文藝復興運動,其在德國的影響就是1517年由馬丁·路德領導的宗教改革,這場宗教改革使德國分裂了天主教。新舊教派之間的矛盾;中突引發了1618~1648年的戰爭,德意志復又處于四分五裂的狀態。18世紀初,在腓特烈大帝(Friedrich the Great)的統治下,日耳曼諸邦中的普魯士王國(Prussia)興起。1870年,普法戰爭爆發,普魯士戰勝法國。1871年,普魯士國王威廉一世在凡爾賽宮接受加冕,成為德意志皇帝。從此,德國作為一個統一的近代民族國家在歐洲崛起。本書共講述了25個故事,內容跨越了羅馬帝國時期一直到19世紀末德意志帝國統一的歷史階段,故事涉及到德國歷史上的最重大事件和最重要人物。這些篇章雖屬于歷史故事,讀之卻像《三國演義》,人物栩栩如生,描寫生動形象,情節曲折引人入勝,令人讀之不忍釋卷。故事的主人公除了毫無人性的暴君以及陰險詭詐的小人,許多至今仍值得人們懷念與敬仰。他們之中有的猶如諸葛亮般足智多謀,以少勝多,以弱勝強;有的猶如秦皇漢武壯志凌云,雄視天下;有的堅忍不拔百折不撓,為了信仰舍生取義;有的為了國家獨立,大義凜然,前仆后繼,視死如歸。這些故事大致按照德國歷史的時間順序記述,每一個故事都是一個歷史片斷。把這些故事串成一條線,雖然還不能構成完整的德國歷史,但管窺蠡測可見這一千年間德國人文、風俗、宗教信仰以
《第五屆中日鋪面技術(5CJWPT)論文集(英文版)》內容簡介:China-Japan Workshop on Pavement Technologies (CJWPT) is a regular symposium on the latest advancement and technologies on the pavement of highway, road and airfield, w
《線性幾何(第2版)(英文版)》內容簡介:Vector Spaces、Sets、Groups. Fields and Vector Spaces、Subspaces、Dimension、The Ground Field、Affine and Projective Geometry、Affine Geometries、Affine Propositions of Incidence、Affine l
ALTHOUGH the novel is written in the third person。 Austen onlydepicts scenes in which Elizabeth is present——and this is true of noother character. The content of the novel is the story of Elizabeth, o
This book is based on TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) college students, primary medical personnel and TCM amateurs with prominent epochal character and practicability. The whole book is divided int
This book is divided into two sections: the first introduces the definitions, classifications, and requirements of each Tuina manipulation,as well as common Tuina media; the second uses images and tex
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《商務西班牙語入門》內容簡介:Introduction to Business Spanish is directed at beginners, professionals andstudents, who need a basic introduction to the Spanish language in order tosupport or enhance their career de
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The most extensive collection of Steichens legendary Vogue and Vanity Fair work ever brought to the public. Edward Steichen was already a famous painter and photographer in America and abroad when, in
《職業技術教育中的成人學習評估(英文版)》講述了:""innovative as well as inspirational. The editor and authors are definitely first ratescholars in the field.""Doug Lynch, Vice Dean, University of Pennsylvania, USA""Assessin
Business Vocabulary in Use Advanced, a new addition to the bestselling English Vocabulary in Use titles, is suitable for Upper intermediate and Advanced level learners of business English. Primarily d
English365is a Business English and general English course. It is for learners who want to develop their English skills for their work and their social and travel needs, and therefore reflects the wor
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《同調(英文版)》講述了:In presenting this treatment of homological algebra, it is a pleasureto acknowledge the help and encouragement which I have had fromall sides. Homological algebra arose from many sources
《偏微分方程講義(英文版)》講述了:In the mid-twentieth century the theory of partial differential equations wasconsidered the summit of mathematics, both because of the difficulty andsignificance of the problems it s
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《簡明量子場論》內容簡介:As a student, I was rearing at the bit, after a course on quantum mechanics, tolearn quantum field theory, but the books on the subject all seemed so formidable.Fortunately, I came across
《示性類》內容簡介:The text which follows is based mostly on lectures at PrincetonUniversity in 1957. The senior author wishes to apologize for the delayin publication.The theory of characteristic classes bega
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這本書并沒有包括我近來就分歧、立法和權利的主題所做的全部工作。另一本名為《立法的尊嚴》(The Dignity of Legislation)的書不久將隨后出版,該書包括我于1996年劍橋大學Seeley講座的內容。兩本書都圍繞著我學術研究的核心問題,用政治理論的資源豐富法理學。兩本書都試圖恢復和聚焦思考立法的方式,這些方式把立法看做一種是有尊嚴的治理方式以及一筆不錯的法律資源。兩本書的分工如下:
The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English is an entirely new grammar of American and British English-from the language of conversation to the language of academic textbooks. There are no made-
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This book grew out of lectures that I gave in the framework of a graduate course in quantum theory of many-body systems at the Applied Physics Department of Chalmers University of Technology and G6teb