Understanding Language Testing

Verbal protocol analysis (VPA) is a methodology that is being used extensively by researchers. Recently, individuals working in the area of testing, and in language testing in particular, have begun t

This book differs from other introductions to pragmatics in approaching the problems of interpreting language use in terms of interpersonal modelling of beliefs and intentions. It is intended to make

This book differs from other introductions to pragmatics in approaching the problems of interpreting language use in terms of interpersonal modelling of beliefs and intentions. It is intended to make

This book studies the effect of background knowledge on reading comprehension and investigates the claim from the field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) that tertiary level students for whom Eng

Drawing on actual classroom transcripts from a range of instructional settings, this text constructs a conceptual framework through which second language teachers can recognize patterns of classroom c

TAIPEI STORY is the electrifying new novel by bestselling literary phenomenon Rebecca F. Kuang, a profoundly moving coming-of-age story that explores first love, second language and final goodbyes - all set against the backdrop of one unforgettable summer in Taipei.First love. Second language.Final goodbyes.Yale student Lily Chen arrives in Taipei hungry: for family, for culture, for connection.But her summer of discovery quickly unravels. Her classes are grueling, her roommate unbearable, and a reckless, deeply awkward trip to the hot springs with a guy she barely knows soon ignites vicious gossip.Then her grandfather dies.Grieving and adrift, Lily must confront her own questions about the culture she inherited but never fully understood. She embarks on a wryly funny, often devastating search for understanding: of herself, her family, and the meaning of home.All over one unforgettable summer in Taipei.For fans of Coco Mellors, Sally Rooney and Patricia Lockwood.There is a wildness and

TAIPEI STORY is the electrifying new novel by bestselling literary phenomenon Rebecca F. Kuang, a profoundly moving coming-of-age story that explores first love, second language and final goodbyes - all set against the backdrop of one unforgettable summer in Taipei.First love. Second language.Final goodbyes.Yale student Lily Chen arrives in Taipei hungry: for family, for culture, for connection.But her summer of discovery quickly unravels. Her classes are grueling, her roommate unbearable, and a reckless, deeply awkward trip to the hot springs with a guy she barely knows soon ignites vicious gossip.Then her grandfather dies.Grieving and adrift, Lily must confront her own questions about the culture she inherited but never fully understood. She embarks on a wryly funny, often devastating search for understanding: of herself, her family, and the meaning of home.All over one unforgettable summer in Taipei.For fans of Coco Mellors, Sally Rooney and Patricia Lockwood.There is a wildness and

This book delves into the complex narratives surrounding the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian dispute through the unique lens of theatre. This ground-breaking exploration employs postcolonial theory to analyze a diverse array of theatrical works by Israeli, Palestinian, and Western playwrights. By juxtaposing portrayals of significant events such as the Nakba or the Israeli War of Independence, the Intifadas, and the experiences of diaspora and exile, Harras provides a nuanced examination of how these events are represented on stage. The book reveals the profound impact of language in constructing and contesting historical narratives and underscores theatre's role as a space for cultural critique and self-reflection. This comprehensive study offers new insights into the power of artistic expression to challenge historical dichotomies and encourage a deeper understanding of this enduring conflict. Essential for scholars of Postcolonial Studies, Middle East Studies, and the Performing Arts, t

Learn numbers with Pip and Posy in this early learning board book illustrated by Axel Scheffler!Learning to recognise numbers is an important step in a child’s development, supporting their numerical language learning as they get ready for preschool. This bright, playful book, featuring two best friends who love to laugh and play, makes learning fun while supporting children’s understanding of one-to-one correspondence as they count objects in a group, teaching them vital early learning skills.There are lots of Pip and Posy books to collect, including: It’s Fun to Learn Colours, Where are you? On the Farm and My First Memory Game: Play Hooray!

From the wild imagination of Rowboat Watkins, author of Rude Cakes and Go-Go Guys, comes a riotous read-aloud about every kind of mustache imaginable!Hip, hip, HOORAY-stache! It's your lucky day-stache!Join Mouse and Moose in a mustache-mania world packed with silly rhymes and playful illustrations--perfect for building early reading skills, nurturing a love of language, and keeping readers laughing along the way.Sit down and stay-stache! And read this book right AWAY-stache! SUPER-FUN READ-ALOUD: Rowboat Watkins's uniquely funny children's books make for read-aloud and read-along fun, for both family and classroom reading time. The pure silliness of the words and pictures will delight young readers.READING & LANGUAGE SKILLS: The creative vocabulary and rhythmic text are great for helping kids develop an understanding and love of language. The illustrations and hilarious story are perfect for engaging new and emerging readers.ACCLAIMED CREATOR: Rowboat is known for such favorites a

佛洛姆版《夢的解析》夢是超越時空的共通語言，神話、童話與儀式則是通往心靈的窗口。最具洞察力的社會心理學家佛洛姆，告訴我們：人如何在夢中看見最真實的自我人每晚都會做夢：死去的人復活、人可以任意穿越時空……這些在睡夢中出現的超現實場景，在清醒時往往被我們視為毫無意義、轉瞬即逝的影像。心理學大師佛洛姆主張：夢並非毫無意義，而是一種以「被遺忘的語言」所表達的重要訊息。這種「被遺忘的語言」就是「象徵語言」：以感官體驗與外在事件來表達人的感受與思想，其邏輯不受時間與空間的支配，以情感強度與意象聯想為核心。無論古希臘人的神話，還是今日紐約人的夢境，都用象徵語言來表達。對古代人而言，不懂得詮釋神話與夢境，形同文盲。然而現代人已遺忘這門語言――不是在睡著做夢時，而是在清醒時。佛洛姆在本書回顧佛洛伊德與榮格的釋夢理論，並提出更完整觀點。他認為夢既揭露人的非理性欲望，也展現人在清醒時難以企及的智慧。透過豐富實例，從個人夢境到伊底帕斯神話、小紅帽童話、卡夫卡的小說《審判》，佛洛姆指出，這些故事竟與我們的夢境擁有相同的語法與象徵，因此也能用理解夢的方式來閱讀與詮釋。正如《塔木德》所說：「未經理解的夢就像一封未打開的信件。」讀這本書，就像打開一扇通往人類集體心靈的門，讓我們重新看見：夢境並非毫無意義的影像，而是潛藏著文化記憶、個人心聲與生命智慧的訊息。本書特色夢是什麼？對於這個問題，不同的心理學家有不同的答案。佛洛依德說：「夢是被壓抑欲望的實現。」榮格說：「夢是集體無意識的象徵。」而佛洛姆身為心理學家與精神分析師，同樣經常以「釋夢」來治療患者。在他看來：「夢是心理活動的有意義表現，我們能運用象徵語言讀懂人的內心世界。」在《被遺忘的語言》中，佛洛姆不僅提出許多臨床案例，說明精神分析師如何運用象徵語言的原理為患者釋夢，更將這套方法擴展到更廣的領域。他指出，神話、童話、卡夫卡的小說等文學作品，都能像釋夢一樣來理解――透過象徵語言，我們能讀懂這些作品背後真正反映的內心世界。

This book provides an overview of multiple aspects of spatial language understanding and explores recent trends of modeling based on very large foundational models and their applications. The authors address the following five main themes: spatial semantic representations in both symbolic and sub-symbolic spaces; spatial information extraction computational models; reasoning over spatial language; commonsense spatial understanding; and multiple modern and state-of-the-art downstream applications of spatial language understanding including dialogue systems, narrative discourse, and grounding language in the physical world with the multi-modal problem settings. One of the essential functions of natural language is to express spatial relationships between objects. Linguistic constructs can encode highly complex structures of objects, spatial relations between them, and patterns of motion through space relative to a reference point. The complexity of spatial language understanding and its