Thyristor-Based Facts Controllers For Electrical Transmission Systems

An important new resource for the international utility market
Over the past two decades, static reactive power compensators have evolved into a mature technology and become an integral part of modern electrical power systems. They are one of the key devices in flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS). Coordination of static compensators with other controllable FACTS devices promises not only tremendously enhanced power system controllability, but also the extension of power transfer capability of existing transmission corridors to near their thermal capacities, thus delaying or even curtailing the need to invest in new transmission facilities.
Offering both an in-depth presentation of theoretical concepts and practical applications pertaining to these power compensators, Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems fills the need for an appropriate text on this emerging technology. Replete with examples and case studies on control design and performance, the book provides an important resource for both students and engineers working in the field.

R. MOHAN MATHUR is Vice President, Training Support and Services Division, Ontario Power Generation, Toronto, Canada. Until 1999 he was Dean, Faculty of Engineering Science and Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, where he continues to be a Professor Emeritus. For over two decades he has been engaged in research in the area of electronic controllers for power transmission systems, including ac/dc converters and active and reactive power compensators for ac transmission lines.
RAJIV K. VARMA is Professor of Electrical Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India. He was awarded the Government of India BOYSCAST Young Scientist Fellowship in 1992-93 to conduct research on FACTS at the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. Since then he has maintained active research collaboration with researchers at the University of Western Ontario. With Wayne Litzenberger he has coedited two editions of the Annotated Bibliography of HVDC Transmission and FACTS Devices, 1994-95 and 1996-97. For preparing the Second Edition, he was awarded the Fulbright Scholarship of U.S. Educational Foundation in India to travel to the United States. His teaching and research interests include Flexible AC Transmission System and Power System Stability. He is a member of the faculty of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.

1. Introduction.
1.1 Background.
1.2 Electrical Transmission Networks.
1.3 Conventional Control Mechanisms.
1.4 Flexible ac Transmission Systems (FACTS).
1.5 Emerging Transmission Networks.
2. Reactor-Power Control in Electrical Power Transmission Systems.
2.1 Reacrive Power.
2.2 Uncompensated Transmission Lines.
2.3 Passive Compensation.
2.4 Summary.
3. Principles of Conventional Reactive-Power Compensators.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Synchronous Condensers.
3.3 The Saturated Reactor (SR).
3.4 The Thyristor-Controlled Reactor (TCR).
3.5 The Thyristor-Controlled Transformer (TCT).
3.6 The Fixed Capacitor-Thyristor-Controlled Reactor (FC-TCR).
3.7 The Mechanically Switched Capacitor-Thristor-Controlled Reactor (MSC-TCR).
3.8 The Thyristor-Switched capacitor and Reactor.
3.9 The Thyristor-Switched capacitor-Thyristor-Controlled Reactor (TSC-TCR).
3.10 A Comparison of Different SVCs.
3.11 Summary.
4. SVC Control Components and Models.
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Measurement Systems.
4.3 The Voltage Regulator.
4.4 Gate-Pulse Generation.
4.5 The Synchronizing System.
4.6 Additional Control and Protection Functions.
4.7 Modeling of SVC for Power-System Studies.
4.8 Summary.
5. Conceepts of SVC Voltage Control.
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Voltage Control.
5.3 Effect of Network Resonances on the Controller Response.
5.4 The 2nd Harmonic Interaction Between the SVC and ac Network.
5.5 Application of the SVC to Series-Compensated ac Systems.
5.6 3rd Harmonic Distortion.
5.7 Voltage-Controlled Design Studies.
5.8 Summary.
6. Applications.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Increase in Steady-State Power-Transfer Capacity.
6.3 Enhancement of Transient Stability.
6.4 Augmentation of Power-System Damping.
6.5 SVC Mitigation of Subsychronous Resonance (SSR).
6.6 Prevention of Voltage Instability.
6.7 Improvement of HVDC Link Performance.
6.8 Summary.
7. The Thyristor-Controlled SeriesCapacitor (TCSC).
7.1 Series Compensation.
7.2 The TCSC Controller.
7.3 Operation of the TCSC.
7.4 The TSSC.
7.5 Analysis of the TCSC.
7.6 Capability Characteristics.
7.7 Harmonic Performance.
7.8 Losses.
7.9 Response of the TCSC.
7.10 Modeling of the TCSC.
7.11 Summary.
8. TCSC Applications.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Open-Loop Control.
8.3 Closed-Loop Control.
8.4 Improvement of the System-Stability Limit.
8.5 Enhancement of System Damping.
8.6 Subsynchronous Resonanace (SSR) Mitigation.
8.7 Voltage-Collapse Prevention.
8.8 TCSC Installations.
8.9 Summary.
9. Coordination of FACTS Controllers.
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Controller Interactions.
9.3 SVC-SVC Interaction.
9.4 SVC-HVDC Interaction.
9.5 SVC-TCSC Interaction.
9.6 TCSC-TCSC Interaction.
9.7 Performance Criteria for Damping-Controller Design.
9.8 Coordination of Multiple Controllers Using Linear-Control Techniques.
9.9 Coordination of Multiple Controllers using Nonlinear-Control Techniques.
9.10 Summary.
10. Emerging FACTS Controllers.
10.1 Introduction.
10.2 The STATCOM.
10.3 THE SSSC.
10.4 The UPFC.
10.5 Comparative Evaluation of Different FACTS Controllers.
10.6 Future Direction of FACTS Technology.
10.7 Summary.
Appendix A. Design of an SVC Voltage Regulator.
A.1 Study System.
A.2 Method of System Gain.
A.3 Elgen Value Analysis.
A.4 Simulator Studies.
A.5 A Comparison of Physical Simulator results With Analytical and Digital Simulator Results Using Linearized Models.
Appendix B. Transient-Stability Enhancement in a Midpoint SVC-Compensated SMIB System.
Appendix C. Approximate Multimodal decomposition Method for the Design of FACTS Controllers.
C.1 Introduction.
C.2 Modal Analysis of the ith Swing Mode,
C.3 Implications of Different Transfer Functions.
C.4 Design of the Damping Controller.
Appendix D. FACTS Terms and Definitions.
Index.