Smart Structures ─ Physical Behaviour, Mathematical Modelling and Applications

Synthesizing knowledge acquired as a result of significant research and development over recent years, Smart Structures clearly illustrates why these structures are of such intense current interest. Gaudenzi offers valuable insight into both how they behave and how and at what cost they could be designed and produced for real life applications in cutting edge fields such as vibration control, shape morphing, structural health monitoring and energy transduction.





Smart Structures offers a basic and fundamental description of smart structures from the physical, mathematical and engineering viewpoint. It explains the basic physics relating to the behaviour of active materials, gives the mathematical background behind the phenomena, and provides tools for numerical simulation. It also offers an insight into considerations related to the manufacturing, assembly and integration of smart structures.





Smart Structures is divided into 5 sections: in the first part a definition of smart structures is proposed, the motivation for developing a smart structure presented and the basic physics of active materials such aspiezoelectrics, electrostrictives, magnetostrictives and shape memory alloys briefly recalled. A second part is devoted to the mathematical modelling of piezoelectric bodies. The third part discusses actuation and sensing mechanisms based on which the active part of a smart structure will produce “results” on the passive one. The fourth part deals with active composites at the micromechanical and macromechanical level, and the fifth part is devoted to applications of smart structures with examples taken from the aerospace field.





This introduction to smart structures will be useful both for structural and mechanical designers, and for students and researchers at graduate level or beyond. The diverse industries involved in this rapidly evolving field include aerospace, automotive and bioengineering.

Paolo Gaudenzi, Professor of Aerospace Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
Laurea in Civil Engineering cum laude, Universita di Roma La Sapienza (1984).
Dottore di ricerca (PhD) in Aerospace Engineering, Universita di Roma La Sapienza (1989).
Visiting Scientist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) (1991-1992).
Ricercatore (Assistant Professor) at the Scuola di Ingegneria Aerospaziale of Sapienza since 1990, Associate professor at the same school since 1998, Full professor since 2000.
From 2002 Director of the Master in Satellites of La Sapienza.
Author of 90 papers, 30 of which have been published on refereed international journals.
His research topics include aerospace structures and constructions, laminated and composite structures, active materials and smart structures, finite element modeling and satellite systems.

List of Figures.


Preface.


1 Introduction to Smart Structures.


1.1 Smart Structures and Traditional Structures: Definition and Main Constituents.


1.2 Smart Structures and Active Materials.


1.3 The Physical Behaviour of Active Materials for Actuation and Sensing.


1.4 Motivations for the Use of Smart Structure Technologies.


1.5 Monitoring Structural Integrity.


1.6 Shape Morphing.


1.7 Vibration Control.


1.8 Energy Harvesting.


References.


2 Mathematical Modelling of Piezoelectric Bodies.


2.1 Analysis of Piezoelectric Continua.


2.2 Finite Element Equations for Piezoelectric Problems.


2.3 Finite Element Simulation of Piezoelectric Analyses of Practical Interest.


2.4 Beam, Plate and Shell Models.


References.


3 Actuation and Sensing Mechanisms.


3.1 The Induced Strain Actuation Mechanism.


3.2 Axial Actuation.


3.3 Bending Actuation.


3.4 The Generalization of Pin-force and Euler–Bernoulli Beam Actuation.


3.5 Static Response of a Beam Subjected to Bending Actuation.


3.6 Dynamic Response of a Beam Actuated in Bending.


3.7 Higher Order Models for Beam Bending Actuation.


3.8 Sensing Mechanism.


3.9 Control Issues.


References.


4 Active Composites.


4.1 The Concept of Active Composites.


4.2 Piezoelectric Fibre Composites.


4.3 Interdigitated Electrodes for Piezoelectric Components.


4.4 Micromechanics of a Piezoelectric Fibre Composite.


4.5 Finite Element Evaluation of the Piezoelectric Properties of the Active Composite.


4.6 Macromechanics of Active Composites.


References.


5 Application of Smart Structures in Engineering Practice.


5.1 Shape Morphing.


5.2 Vibration Control.


5.3 Ultrasonic Motors.


References.


Index.