BIOETHICS AN ANTHOLOGY

• Brings together writings on a broad range of ethical issues relating such matters as reproduction, genetics, life and death, and animal experimentation.
  
• Now includes introductions to each of the sections.
  
• Features new coverage of the latest debates on hot topics such as genetic screening, the use of embryonic human stem cells, and resource allocation between patients.
  
• The selections are independent of any particular approach to bioethics.
  
• Can be used as a source book to complement A Companion to Bioethics (1999).

Peter Singer is Ira W. DeCamp Professor of Bioethics at the University Center for Human Values, Princeton University. He is the author of Animal Liberation, first published in 1975, and is widely credited with triggering the modern animal rights movement. His Practical Ethics is one of the most widely used texts in applied ethics, and Rethinking Life and Death received the 1995 Australian National Book Council’s Banjo Award for nonfiction. He was the foundation president of the International Association of Bioethics.

Introduction.

Part I Before Birth.

Introduction.

Abortion.

1 Abortion and Health Care Ethics.

John Finnis.

2 Abortion and Infanticide.

Michael Tooley.

3 A Defense of Abortion.

Judith Jarvis Thomson.

4 Why Abortion is Immoral.

Don Marquis.

Mother-Fetus Conflict.

5 Are Pregnant Women Fetal Containers?.

Laura M. Purdy.

Part II Issues in Reproduction.

Introduction.

Assisted Reproduction.

6 The McCaughey Septuplets: God’s Will or Human Choice?.

Gregory E. Pence.

7 Surrogate Mothering: Exploitation or Empowerment?.

Laura M. Purdy.

8 A Response to Purdy.

Susan Dodds and Karen Jones.

9 The Right to Lesbian Parenthood.

Gillian Hanscombe.

10 Rights, Interests and Possible People.

Derek Parfit.

Prenatal Screening, Sex Selection and Cloning.

11 Can Having Children be Immoral?.

Laura Purdy.

12 Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy.

Adrienne Asch.

13 Genetic Technology: A Threat to Deafness.

Ruth Chadwick and Mairi Levitt.

14 Sex Selection: The Case For.

Julian Savulescu.

15 Conception to Obtain Hematopoietic Cells.

John A. Robertson, Jeffrey P. Kahn, and John E. Wagner.

16 Why we should not permit embryos to be selected as tissue donors.

David King.

17 The Moral Status of the Cloning of Humans.

Michael Tooley.

Part III The New Genetics Introduction.

Gene Therapy and Eugenics.

18 Questions About Some Uses of Genetic Engineering.

Jonathan Glover.

19 Ethical Issues in Manipulating the Human Germ Line.

Mark Lappe.

20 The Moral Significance of the Therapy-Enhancement Distinction in Human Genetics.

David B. Resnik.

21 Should we Undertake Genetic Research on Intelligence?.

Ainsley Newson & Robert Williamson.

Genetic Screening and Counselling.

22 Lessons from a Dark and Distant Past.

Benno Mueller-Hill.

23 Patient Autonomy & Value Neutrality in Nondirective Counseling.

Robert Wachbroit & David Wasserman.

24 Genetic Dilemmas and the Child’s Right to an Open Future.

Dena S. Davis.

Part IV Life and Death Issues Introduction.

25 The Sanctity of Life.

Jonathan Glover.

26 Declaration on Euthanasia.

Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.

Killing and Letting Die.

27 The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View.

Germain Grisez and Joseph M. Boyle, Jr.

28 Active and Passive Euthanasia.

James Rachels.

29 Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die?.

Winston Nesbitt.

30 Why Killing is Not Always Worse – And Sometimes Better – than Letting Die.

Helga Kuhse.

Severely Disabled Newborns.

31 When Care Cannot Cure: Medical Problems in Seriously Ill Babies.

Neil Campbell.

32 A Modern Myth: That Letting Die is Not the Intentional Causation of Death.

Helga Kuhse.

33 The Abnormal Child: Modern Dilemmas of Doctors and Parents.

R. M. Hare.

34 Right to Life of Handicapped.

Alison Davis.

Brain Death.

35 "A Definition of Irreversible Coma." Report to Examine the Definition ofBrain Death.

Ad Hoc Committee of Harvard Medical School.

36 Is the Sanctity of Life Ethic Terminally Ill?.

Peter Singer.

Advance Directives.

37 Life Past Reason.

Ronald Dworkin.

38 Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy.

Rebecca Dresser.

Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide.

39 The Note.

Chris Hill.

40 When Self-Determination Runs Amok.

Daniel Callahan.

41 When Abstract Morality Runs Amok.

John Lachs.

42 Listening and Helping to Die: The Dutch Way.

Pieter Admiraal.

Part V Resource Allocation.

Introduction.

Micro-Allocation: Deciding Between Patients.

43 Rescuing Lives: Can’t We Count?.

Paul T. Menzel.

44 The Allocation of Exotic Medical Lifesaving Therapy.

Nicholas Rescher.

45 Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation?.

Alvin H. Moss & Mark Siegler.

46 The Value of Life.

John Harris.

47 How Age Should Matter: Justice as the Basis for Limiting Care to the Elderly.

Robert M. Veatch.

Micro-Allocation : Dividing up the Health-Care Budget.

48 Quality of Life and Resource Allocation.

Michael Lockwood.

49 A Lifespan Approach to Health care.

Norman Daniels.

Part VI Organ Donation.

Introduction.

50 Why Give to Strangers?.

Richard M. Titmus.

51 Organ Retrieval: Whose Body is it Anyway?.

Elke-Henner W. Kluge.

52 The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales.

Janet Radcliffe-Richards et al.

53 The Survival Lottery.

John Harris.

Part VII Experimentation with Humans.

Introduction.

Human Subjects.

54 Ethics and Clinical Research.

Henry K. Beecher.

55 Equipoise and the Ethics of Clinical Research.

Benjamin Freedman.

56 The Patient and the Public Good.

Samuel Hellman.

57 The Morality of Research: A Case Study.

Torbjorn Tannsjo.

58 Unethical trials of Interventions to reduce prenatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in developing countries.

Peter Lurie & Sydney M. Wolfe.

59 We are Trying to Help Our Sickest People, Not Exploit them.

Danstan Bagenda & Philippa Musoke-Mudido.

Human Embryos – Stem Cells.

60 - What Some [Australian] MPs Have Said About Embryonic Stem Cell Research in Parliament this Week.

Mark Latham, Tony Abbott, Frank Mossfield, Joe Hockey, and Kevin Hull.

61 Stem Cells, Sex and Procreation.

John Harris.

Part VIII Experimentation with Animals Introduction.

62 Duties Towards Animals.

Immanuel Kant.

63 A Utilitarian View.

Jeremy Bentham.

64 All Animals are Equal.

Peter Singer.

65 Vivisection, Morals in Medicine: An Exchange.

R. G. Frey & Sir William Paton.

Part IX Ethical Issues in the Practice of Health Care.

Introduction.

Confidentiality.

66 Confidentiality in Medicine: A Decrepit Concept.

Mark Siegler.

Truth-Telling.

67 On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives.

Immanuel Kant.

68 Should Doctors Tell the Truth?.

Joseph Collins.

69 On Telling Patients the Truth.

Roger Higgs.

Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy.

70 On Liberty.

John Stuart Mill.

71 Schloendorff v. New York Hospital.

Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo.

72 Amputees by Choice.

Carl Elliot.

73 Abandoning Informed Consent.

Robert M. Veatch.

74 Rational Desires and the Limitation of Life-Sustaining Treatment.

Julian Savulescu.

75 The Doctor-Patient Relationship in Different Cultures.

Ruth Macklin.

Part X Special Issues Facing Nurses.

Introduction.

76 Ethical Dilemmas for Nurses: Physicians’ Orders Versus Patients’ Rights.

E. Joy Kroeger Mappes.

77 In Defense of the Traditional Nurse.

Lisa H. Newton.

Part XI Ethicists and Ethics Committees.

Introduction.

78 When Philosophers Shoot from the Hip.

James Rachels.

79 Ethics Consultation as Moral Engagement.

Jonathan D. Moreno.

80 Truth or Consequences: The Role of Philosophers in Policy-Making.

Dan W. Brock.

81 Should the decisions of Ethics Committees be Based on Community Values?.

Heta Hayry.

Index