Understanding Glazes

Current advances in the formulation and chemical aspects of glazes and glass coatings make this comprehensive resource the most up-to-date reference on glazes for the ceramics industry and studio potter. By focusing on the process of making ceramic coatings, their chemical makeup, and the properties of these coatings, Understanding Glazes is a book that will appeal to a wide-ranging audience from industries involved in the manufacturing of tile, ceramic coating materials, sanitaryware, tableware, hobby and giftware to faculty and students in ceramic engineering, to studio potters.

INTRODUCTION.

THE NATURE OF GLASS AND GLAZE STRUCTURE.

FORMULATION OF GLAZES.

Method of Presentation.

Function of the Oxides.

Leadless Gloss Glazes.

Lead Glazes.

Opaque Glazes.

Satin and Matte Glazes.

Glazes for Aesthetic Effects.

Additives to Produce Surface Effects.

How Many Glazes Do I Need?


RAW MATERIALS FOR CERAMIC COATINGS.

Sources of Each of the Oxides.

Raw Materials to Avoid.

Frits.

Kinetic Effects in Glazing.


BATCH CALCULATIONS.

Batch to Oxide.

The Role of Judgment.

Oxide to Batch.

Computer Programs.

MILL ADDITIVES AND SLIP RHEOLOGY.

Binders.

Deflocculants.

Flocculants.

Suspending Agents.

Other Additives.

Slip Rheology.


COLOR IN GLAZES.

What Is Color?

Color Spaces.

Color Measurement.

Sources of Color in Vitreous Coatings.

Solution Colors.

Pigment Manufacture.

Oxide Pigments.

Cadmium Sulfoselenide and Inclusion Pigments.

Purity of Color.

Effect of Coating Constituents.

Theory of Color Matching.


MIXING AND MILLING.


APPLICATION TECHNIQUES.

Dipping.

Spraying.

Waterfall or Bell Coating.

Dry Glazing.

Centrifugal Glazing.

Painting.

Dry Application Techniques.


DECORATION.

Media.

Choosing a Method of Decoration.

Lining and Banding.

Hand Painting.

Spraying.

Printing.

Decalcomania.

Stamping.


FIRING.

Intermittent Kilns.

Continuous Kilns.

Comparison of Intermittent and Continuous Kilns.

Fast-Firing.

Reduction Firing.

Firing Conditions.

ADHERENCE AND FIT.

Adherence.

Coating Fit.

Measurement of Thermal Expansion (Contraction).

Stresses on Cooling a Fused-On Coating.

Prediction of Thermally Induced Stress.

Prediction of Thermal Expansion Coefficients.


CHEMICAL DURABILITY.

Corrosion Processes.

Effect of pH.

Corrosion by Hydrofluoric Acid.

Effect of Glaze Composition.

Tests for Corrosion Resistance.

Lead and Cadmium Release from Ceramic Coatings.

Summary.


SURFACES: GLOSS, SATIN, MATTE.

Gloss Glazes.

Satin and Matte Glazes.


DEFECTS AND THEIR CONTROL.

Bubble Defects.

Surface Texture.

Crazing and Peeling.

Specking.

Crawling.

Metal Marking.

Dunting.


PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER.

Cone 9-10 Celadon Glaze.

Cone 9-10 Matte Glaze.

Clear Gloss Glaze for Cone 9-10.

Clear Gloss Glaze for Cone 5-6.

Satin Glaze.

Cone 1 Opaque White Gloss Glaze for Fast-Fire Tile.

Cone 1 Opaque Colored Glaze for Fast-Fire Tile.

Cone 1 Clear Gloss Glaze for Tile.

Matte Glaze for Tile.


CONCLUSION.

Endnotes.

Appendix I Manufacturers/Suppliers of Color Measuring Equipment.

Appendix II Our Solution to the Batch Calculation Problem.

Glossary.

Index.