Introduction to Polymer Chemistry

As the first polymer book to receive the CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title distinction (2007), Introduction to Polymer Chemistry provided undergraduate students with a much-needed, well-rounded presentation of the principles and applications of natural, synthetic, inorganic, and organic polymers. With an emphasis on the environment and green chemistry and materials, this second edition continues that tradition, offering detailed coverage of natural and synthetic giant molecules, inorganic and organic polymers, elastomers, adhesives, coatings, fibers, plastics, blends, caulks, composites, and ceramics.

Using simple fundamentals, the author shows how the basic principles of one polymer group can be applied to all of the other groups. He covers synthesis and polymerization reactions, reactivities, techniques for characterization and analysis, energy absorption and thermal conductivity, physical and optical properties, and practical applications. This edition also addresses environmental concerns and green polymeric materials, including biodegradable polymers and microorganisms for synthesizing materials. Brief case studies are woven within the text as historical accounts to illustrate various developments and the societal and scientific contexts in which these changes occurred.

Introduction to Polymer Chemistry, Second Edition remains the premier text for understanding the behavior of polymers while offering new material on environmental science. Building on undergraduate work in foundational courses, the text fulfills the American Chemical Society Committee on Professional Training (ACS CPT) in-depth course requirement. It also provides a test bank with upon qualifying course adoption.

Charles E. Carraher, Jr. is a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton. He is also an associate director of the Florida Center for Environmental Studies in Palm Beach Gardens.

Introduction to Polymers History of Polymers Why Polymers? Today’s MarketplaceEnvironmental AssessmentManaging Sustainability
Polymer Structure (Morphology) Stereochemistry of Polymers Molecular Interactions Polymer Crystals Amorphous Bulk State Polymer Structure–Property Relationships Crystalline and Amorphous Combinations Cross-Linking

Molecular Weight of PolymersIntroduction Solubility Average Molecular Weight Values Fractionation of Polydisperse Systems Chromatography Colligative Molecular Weights Light-Scattering Photometry Other Techniques Viscometry

Naturally Occurring PolymersPolysaccharides Cellulose Cellulose-Regenerating Processes Esters and Ethers of Cellulose Starch Other Polysaccharides Proteins Nucleic Acids Naturally Occurring Polyisoprenes Lignin Melanins Polymer Structure Genetic Engineering DNA ProfilingAsphalt

Step-Reaction Polymerization (Polycondensation Reactions)Comparison between the Polymer Type and the Kinetics of Polymerization Introduction Stepwise Kinetics Polycondensation Mechanisms Polyesters and Polycarbonates Synthetic Polyamides Polyimides Polybenzimidazoles and Related Polymers Polyurethanes and Polyureas Polysulfides Polyethers Polysulfones Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) and Polyketones Phenolic and Amino Plastics Synthetic Routes Liquid Crystals Microfibers

Ionic Chain Reaction and Complex Coordination Polymerization (Addition Polymerization)Chain Growth Polymerization—General Cationic Polymerization Anionic Polymerization Stereoregularity and Stereogeometry Polymerization with Complex Coordination Catalysts Soluble Stereoregulating Catalysis Polyethylenes Polypropylene Polymers from 1,4-Dienes Polyisobutylene Metathesis Reactions Zwitterionic Polymerization Isomerization Polymerization Precipitation Polymerization

Free Radical Chain Polymerization (Addition Polymerization)Initiators for Free Radical Chain Polymerization Mechanism for Free Radical Chain Polymerization Chain Transfer Polymerization Techniques Fluorine-Containing Polymers Polystyrene Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Solid-State Irradiation Polymerization Plasma Polymerization

CopolymerizationKinetics of Copolymerization The Q–e Scheme Commercial Copolymers Block Copolymers Graft Copolymers Elastomers Blends Polymer Mixtures—IPNS and Alloys Dendrites Ionomers FluoroelastomersNitrile RubberAcrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene TerpolymersEPDM Rubber

Organometallic and Metalloid Polymers Introduction Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms Condensation Organometallic Polymers Coordination Polymers Addition Polymers

Inorganic PolymersIntroduction Portland Cement Other Cements Silicates Silicon Dioxide (Amorphous) Sol–Gel Silicon Dioxide (Crystalline Forms)—Quartz Forms Silicon Dioxide in Electronic Chips Asbestos Polymeric Carbon—Diamond Polymeric Carbon—Graphite Internal Cyclization—Carbon Fibers and Related Materials Carbon Nanotubes Bitumens Carbon Black Polysulfur Ceramics High-Temperature Superconductors Zeolites

Reactions of PolymersReactions with Polyolefines and Polyenes Reactions of Aromatic and Aliphatic Pendant Groups Degradation Cross-Linking Reactivities of End Groups Supramolecules and Self-Assembly Transfer and Retention of Oxygen Nature’s Macromolecular CatalystsPhotosynthesisMechanisms of Energy Absorption Breakage of Polymeric Materials

Testing and Spectrometric Characterization of PolymersSpectronic Characterization of Polymers Surface Characterization Amorphous Region Determinations Thermal Analysis Thermal Property Tests Flammability Electrical Properties: Theory Electric Measurements Weatherability Optical Properties—Tests Chemical Resistance

Rheology and Physical TestsRheology Typical Stress–Strain Behavior Stress–Strain Relationships Specific Physical Tests

Additives Fillers Reinforcements Nanocomposites Plasticizers Antioxidants Heat Stabilizers Ultraviolet Stabilizers Flame Retardants Colorants Curing Agents Antistatic Agents—Antistats Chemical Blowing Agents Compatibilizers Impact Modifiers Processing Aids Lubricants Microorganism Inhibitors

Synthesis of Reactants and Intermediates for Polymers Monomer Synthesis from Basic Feedstocks Reactants for Step-Reaction Polymerization Synthesis of Vinyl Monomers

Polymer Technology Polymer Processing Secondary Structures—Mesophases FibersElastomers Films and SheetsPolymeric Foams Reinforced Plastics (Composites) and LaminatesMoldingCasting Extrusion CoatingsAdhesives Conductive Polymeric Materials Drug Design and Activity Synthetic Biomedical Polymers Dental Materials Emerging Polymers Green Materials

Appendix A: Structures of Common Polymers
Appendix B: Syllabus
Appendix C: American Chemical Society Committee on Professional Training Requirements
Appendix D: Comments on Health
Appendix E: ISO 9000 and 14000
Appendix F: Symbols
Appendix G: Web Information

Index
A Summary, a Glossary, Exercises, and Further Readings appear at the end of each chapter.