This book follows a first volume entitled "Optics in Instruments," which provided the knowledge needed to understand and implement instruments whose main elements are based on optical components and described their role in the technological development. This second book, "The optical instruments: applications in medicine and biology" is devoted to instruments, systems and optical techniques, which are among the most used in biology and medicine, as well as current developments applications.
The first chapter discusses the place of the optical equipment in modern instrumentation. The role of the light source, external or internal to the system, strongly depends on the purpose of the instrument. Chapter two recalls the foundations of geometrical optics. Chapter three is devoted to aspects of photometry and taking into account the energy flux carried. It gives photometric and radiometric definitions, and the photometric properties of the instruments. The main sources used are summarized in Chapter four with a short review of the main used sources: lamps, lasers, laser diode, LED,OLED.The role of the light source, external or internal to the system, strongly depends on the purpose of the instrument. The characterization of a color, its representation and its return is the subject of Chapter five. The fundamental laws of colorimetry, color perception, evaluation of color are described. Chapter six deals with mathematical methods to restore the image quality obtained and derive the maximum information: mathematical study of image analysis, image classification, image interpretation- morphology mathematic, LIP(Logarithmic Image Processing) model. Chapter seven and Chapter eight provide examples of modern industrial systems. The first gives a short review of objectives for photography, cinema, television and astronomy, the second describes devices with intensifier of light, band SWIR, bands 3-5μm and 8-12 μm. The last chapter gives an example of the evolution from conventional microscopy to modern microscopy: Modulation Transfert Function (MTF)- STED (Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscope), Phase microscope, Tunneling microscope, Near field microscope.
Jean Pierre Goure is Emeritus Professor of optics at Jean Monnet University in Saint-Etienne, France, and was previously director of the UMR 5516 laboratory linked with CNRS. He is the author of more than 100 publications in various fields, such as spectroscopy, instrumentation, sensors, optical fiber and optical communications. He was also previously deputy director in engineering science at CNRS and a member of several scientific associations such as the French Optical Society and the European Optical Society.
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