Planning a Pluralist City ― Conflicting Realities in Ciudad Guayana

When city planners and designers are given the ideal assignment -- to build a newcity in the wilderness, unencumbered by an existing urban matrix -- and, at the same time, the siteis located in the midst of a resource-rich region that attracts a rapid influx of people who proceedto build for themselves a burgeoning boomtown of indigenous settlements, planned without planners,conflicts are almost inevitable.This book, based on the experience of Ciudad Guayana in Venezuela,demonstrates that the deeper conflicts between planners and people are not only the result ofclashes of value or intent but are as much reflections of basic differences in perception. Theplanner sees his model of the projected city as a totality, from above; the inhabitant sees thepresent reality, from street level. The planner's map is a multicolored physical reality; theinhabitant constructs and constantly revises his mental map as experience interacts with memory.TheMIT-Harvard Joint Center for Urban Studies has been involved with the planning of Ciudad Guayanafrom the time it was a gleam in the planners' eyes (The MIT Press has published several reports byparticipants in the project), and Donald Appleyard spent a number of summers at the site. The JointCenter has also sponsored pathfinding studies of urban perception and environmental cognition,notably Kevin Lynch's The Image of the City and Appleyard's The View from the Road (written withLynch and John R. Myer). The book at hand is the product of the fruitful union of these twointerests, a convergence of a subject and a methodology that illuminates both.The author writes that"Ciudad Guayana was many cities in one. Different people knew it in different ways. Theirperceptions of its parts, their predictions of how it might grow varied from group to group and fromperson to person. Citizens viewed the city in different ways depending on their backgrounds,familiarity with the city, patterns of use, educational level, and methods of transportation..."Thebook pays particular attention "to certain aspects of environmental meaning by exploring how wellthe city's functional and social pattern, economic base, and natural environment are communicated toand accurately interpreted by its inhabitants," and describes "the inhabitants' perceptions ofenvironmental change, remembered past, perceived present, expected future, and knowledge of thecity's future plans..."Policies, strategies, and techniques for planning cities which grow out ofthe pluralist character of their populations are proposed.