The 3-D Global Spatial Data Model ─ Principles and Applications

The second edition of this book covers new topics that satisfy a growing need in the GIS, professional surveyor, machine control, and Big Data communities while continuing to embrace the earth center earth fixed coordinate system as the fundamental point of origin of one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional data sets. This edition also provides guidance and insight for continuing to link to the data collected and stored in older coordinate systems.

A native Virginian, Earl F. Burkholder grew up in Virginia’s Shenandoah Valley and graduated from Eastern Mennonite High School in 1964. He earned a BS in civil engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1973 and an MS in civil engineering (Geodesy) in 1980. From 1980 to 1993, he taught upper division surveying classes at the Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, Oregon. After five years of being self-employed, he taught in the Surveying Engineering program at New Mexico State University from 1998 to his retirement in 2010. His professional career began as a draftsman with Gould Engineering, Inc. of Flint, Michigan in 1968. Following graduating from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, he worked five years for Commonwealth Associates, Inc. of Jackson, Michigan, an international consulting firm for the utility industry. Assigned to the Transmission Line Engineering Division at Commonwealth, he was responsible for surveying related computations on projects in numerous states and was promoted to Survey Project Manager prior to leaving in 1978 to attend Purdue University. While teaching at Oregon Tech, he became editor of the ASCE Journal of Surveying Engineering and served two separate four-year terms; 1985–1989 and 1993–1998. He also became involved in ABET accreditation activities while at Oregon Tech and went on to serve on the Engineering Related Accreditation Commission (now known as the Applied Science Accreditation Commission) culminating as chair of the RAC in 2000/2001.

While self-employed, he completed three major projects for the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC), Waukesha, Wisconsin. The first project was to develop a reliable bidirectional algorithm for transforming data between the NAD 27 datum being used by SEWRPC and the new NAD 83 datum published by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). Upon successful completion of the horizontal transformation project, the next project was a similar assignment for the bidirectional transformation of data between the NGVD 29 datum (again being used by SEWRPC) and the new NAVD 88 datum published by NGS. Prior to beginning the horizontal transformation project, he suggested to Dr. Bauer, SEWRPC Executive Director, that the datum horizontal and vertical transformation challenges would be an excellent opportunity to combine the two databases into a single 3-D database. After a rather short deliberation, Dr. Bauer indicated that the 3-D proposal was untested, too radical, and not proven practical. However, upon completion of the first two projects, Dr. Bauer commissioned the preparation of a report outlining and defining how such an integrated model could be implemented. That report became the basis for the first edition of The 3-D Global Spatial Data Model: Foundation of the Spatial Data Infrastructure published by CRC Press in 2008.