Accelerator Technology: Applications in Science, Medicine, and Industry

1. Technology

1.1. Vacuum

1.1.1. Pump technologies for the UHV range

1.1.2. Pumping systems and vacuum vessels

1.2. Accelerators

1.2.1. DC

1.2.2. AC

1.2.3. Laser

1.2.4. Electrons vs. ions

1.3. Ion and electron optics

1.3.1. Betatron function and emittance

1.3.2. Optical elements

1.3.3. Magnetic field analysis

1.4. Ion sources

1.5. Detectors

1.6. Targets

1.7. Radiation protection

1.7.1. Hazardous potentials for man and machine

1.7.2. Avoidance strategies in plant conception

1.7.3. Shielding

1.7.4. Computer models

1.7.5. Legal framework

2. Interaction of particles and matter

2.1. Absorption and reaction of photons

2.2. Stopping power and range of ions and electrons

2.3. Nuclear reactions and activation

2.4. Depth-dependent reaction kinematics

2.5. Computer modeling

3. P

article generation with accelerators

3.1. Reaction cross sections

3.2. Neutrons

3.2.1. The specific energy efficiency

3.2.2. Neutron sources at accelerators

3.3. Photons

3.3.1. X-ray sources

3.3.2. Synchrotron sources

3.3.3. Free-Electron Laser

3.3.4. Tscherenkov radiation

3.4. Particles of the standard model and antimatter

4. Technical applications

4.1. Generation of α-β-γ emitters

4.1.1. Paths on the nuclide map

4.1.2. Comparison with thermal neutrons

4.1.3. Radiopharmaceuticals

4.1.4. Optimization of production efficiency

4.2. Radiotracers

4.2.1. Radiotribologie

4.2.2. Traceable metastable isotopes

4.3. Material modification

4.3.1. Doping by implantation and activation

4.3.2. Cleaning of new and waste products

4.3.3. Welding, cutting and additive manufacturing

4.3.4. Surface modifications

4.3.5. Sterilization

4.4. Plasma applications

4.4.1. Plasma Heating

4.4.2. Neutral beam injectors

4.4.3. Plasma accelerator

5. Nuclear Medicine

5.1. Radiation therapy

5.1.1. X-ray irradiation

5.1.2. Proton therapy

5.1.3. Neutron therapy

5.1.4. Radionuclide therapy

5.1.5. Selectivity from a physical perspective

5.2. Diagnostics

5.2.1. Information properties

5.2.2. X-ray

5.2.3. Positron emission tomography

5.2.4. Single-photon emission computed tomography

6. Material testing

6.1. Ion, electron and photon beam analysis

6.1.1. Physical Concepts

6.1.2. Detection limit and accuracy

6.1.3. X-ray absorption analysis

6.1.4. Elastic and inelastic particle scattering analysis

6.1.5. Total Ion Beam Analysis

6.1.6. Mobile systems with radioactive sources

6.1.7. Focused-Ion Beam

6.1.8. Second

ary Ion Mass Spectroscopy

6.1.9. Electron microscopy

6.1.10. Accelerator mass spectrometry

6.2. Neutron-based material analysis

6.2.1. Neutron scattering

6.2.2. Imaging

6.2.3. Activation analysis

6.3. Radiation damage

6.4. Heat and particle loading tests

7. Energy production and storage

7.1. Spallation

7.2. Nuclear storage

7.3. Accelerator fusion