The effect of academic intervention on the academic stress and temperament of students with dyscalculia

In today's world educating a child has become more challenging than ever before. Although, learning is a life-long process, but to create a strong foundation of a well-educated child, his formative year's education is very important. Moreover, if child is facing some kind of learning disability, than this process of education become more complex. The term 'Learning disability', was first introduced by an American psychologist, Samuel Alexander Kirk in 1962. As the term suggest, Learning Disability (LD) is a kind of dysfunction in learning through conventional methods. Usually, Learning disabilities are classified as neurobiological disorder because these disabilities are the byproduct of disrupted neural development caused due to some kind of brain abnormalities. As per the guidelines of the 'Learning Disability Association of America', "Learning disabilities are neurologically-based processing problems. These processing problems can interfere with learning basic skills such as reading, writing and/or math. They can also interfere with higher level skills as organization, time planning, abstract reasoning, long or short term memory and attention. It is important to realize that learning disabilities can affect an individual's life beyond academics such as in personal and professional relationships." Broadly learning disabilities are divided into two categories i.e. SLD (Specific Learning Disabilities) and ID (Intellectual Disabilities). As per the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), SLD can be defined as "A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest into the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write and spell or to do mathematical calculation." Above mentioned disabilities includes the following conditions as: dyslexia, dyscalculia, developmental aphasia, brain injuries, perceptual disabilities. The present study is based upon the sample of primary school students having dyscalculia.