Research on the prevalence of domestic violence finds that it occurs in
approximately 30% of marriages. In their 1988 national survey, Gelles and Straus
reported the lifetime incidence of spousal abuse to be about 28% in the US. Worldwide,
reviews from prevalence studies found the mean lifetime prevalence rates of domestic
violence against women to be between 20% and 50% in most of the countries examined
(Alhabib, Nur, & Jones, 2010; Garcia-Moreno, Jansen, Ellsberg, Heise, & Watts, 2006).
Due to the shame and stigma of domestic violence, the prevalence may realistically be
even higher than reported. It is noteworthy that partner violence occurs more frequently
between partners who have children than those who do not (McDonald, Jouriles,
Ramisetty-Mikler, Caetano, & Green, 2006). This pattern appears outside of the United
States as well; the presence of children actually increased the risk of partner violence in
Great Britain (Mirlees-Black, 1999). This was shown to have a particularly increased
risk in women between the ages of 30 and 59. For these women, the risk that they
would be assaulted by their partner was three times higher if the couple had children
(Mirlees-Black, 1999). It may be that children present increased stress and cause strain
to the relationship, resulting in higher incidents of violence. Though the direct physical
implications of this interpersonal violence are incurred by the victim, the effects of
witnessing this violence as a child are not fully understood.
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