Participatory Process Monism

The contemporary philosophy of mind finds itself at an impasse. Reductive materialism cannot account for the felt quality of conscious experience; substance dualism fractures reality into incompatible domains; and emergentist theories struggle to explain how subjective awareness arises from objective physical processes. The "hard problem" of consciousness remains stubbornly unsolved.

Participatory Process Monism: A Philosophical Framework offers a way forward by drawing on intellectual resources largely unexplored in Western philosophical discourse. The book integrates three major currents of Islamic metaphysics-Ashʿarite temporal atomism and occasionalism, Mullā Ṣadrā's doctrine of substantial motion and the primacy of existence, and Ibn ʿArabī's vision of continuous creation and theophanic disclosure-into a coherent contemporary framework that addresses the deepest questions about mind, matter, and meaning.

The result is a dual-aspect monism in which consciousness and physical structure are not separate substances but inseparable poles of a single processual reality. Rather than treating experience as an inexplicable addition to a fundamentally non-experiential universe, this framework positions consciousness as ontologically primitive-present, in graded degrees, throughout nature. The notorious "combination problem" that plagues panpsychist theories is addressed through the Akbarian insight that apparent multiplicity participates in an underlying unity through continuous divine self-disclosure (tajallī).

The author engages substantively with contemporary science-quantum mechanics, quantum biology, neuroscience, and cosmology-demonstrating that Participatory Process Monism provides interpretive frameworks that illuminate otherwise puzzling phenomena: the role of observation in quantum measurement, coherence effects in biological systems, and the "unreasonable effectiveness" of mathematics in describing nature.

The book offers a careful comparative analysis that distinguishes this framework from physicalism, idealism, Whiteheadian process philosophy, integrated information theory, and other prominent positions. It addresses theological, philosophical, scientific, and methodological objections with rigour and intellectual honesty, acknowledging limitations while demonstrating the framework's systematic coherence and explanatory power.

Participatory Process Monism will be of interest to philosophers of mind and science, scholars of Islamic intellectual history, theologians exploring the interface of science and religion, and general readers seeking a philosophically sophisticated vision that integrates empirical knowledge with contemplative wisdom. It represents the mature expression of a research program developed across the author's previous works, offering both a comprehensive theoretical statement and an invitation to further inquiry.