哲學

Decoding the Tragic in Aristotle posits that a specific form of involuntary action lies at the heart of Aristotle's conception of the tragic-a point that remains unexplained in the Poetics. This key insight is illuminated through Aristotle's ethical works, particularly the Nicomachean Ethics and Eudemian Ethics, where the philosopher discusses a type of counter-voluntary error (hamartia) rooted in ignorance of particulars. These references clarify the tragic mechanisms behind the most celebrated dramatic structures in Poetics chapters 13 and 14, which have long appeared inexplicably contradictory. Aristotle's notion of involuntariness is distinct from mere accident, chance, or misfortune. It represents the highest tragic degree when fully integrated into the action that tragedy imitates, evoking the most profound pity, fear, and a sense of wonder. While the ethical treatises help clarify Aristotle's aesthetic theory, they do not-as is sometimes claimed-impose a moral or didactic framew

Why should we think about the home? Most would agree that it is central to children's development-a healthy, stable, and hopefully loving environment where they can prepare for adulthood. But for women, the duties and expectations bound up with life at home have historically often meant stunted development, confinement to the home and domestic work, subordination to a man who goes in and out of the home freely. While societal advancements have helped to close this gap for some, these problems endure for many. The writings of women philosophers, some going back many centuries, reveal insights on these challenges that deserve close study. In No Place Like Home, Sandrine Berg鋊 calls attention to women philosophers' ideas and arguments, starting in antiquity and continuing into the twenty-first century. Through their writings, she examines the concept of the home in all its historical richness and variety, thus reinstating the home as a philosophical problem, worthy of deep inquiry. Berg鋊