On Nuclear Deterrence

This timely book, published in the lead up to the 2012-14 decision on Trident renewal, makes available for the first time the late Sir Michael Quinlan’s private correspondence on nuclear deterre

Applying advances in game theory to the study of nuclear deterrence, Robert Powell examines the foundations of deterrence theory. Game-theoretic analysis allows the author to explore some of the most complex and problematic issues in deterrence theory, including the effects of first-strike advantages, limited retaliation, and the number of nuclear powers in the international system on the dynamics of escalation. With the formalizations he develops, the author is able to demonstrate the fundamental similarity of the two seemingly disparate deterrrent strategies that have evolved in response to the nuclear revolution and the condition of mutually assured destruction: the strategy of limited retaliation. The author argues that the logic underlying both strategies centres on a search for ways to make the use of force or the threat of its use credible when any use of force might escalate to mutual devastation.

Applying advances in game theory to the study of nuclear deterrence, Robert Powell examines the foundations of deterrence theory. Game-theoretic analysis allows the author to explore some of the most complex and problematic issues in deterrence theory, including the effects of first-strike advantages, limited retaliation, and the number of nuclear powers in the international system on the dynamics of escalation. With the formalizations he develops, the author is able to demonstrate the fundamental similarity of the two seemingly disparate deterrrent strategies that have evolved in response to the nuclear revolution and the condition of mutually assured destruction: the strategy of limited retaliation. The author argues that the logic underlying both strategies centres on a search for ways to make the use of force or the threat of its use credible when any use of force might escalate to mutual devastation.

Almost two dozen nations currently generate nuclear energy, and eighteen more are planning to construct reactors in the near future. This expansion increases the need for the international community t

當那盛大的「普佳」節到來，鄰人的孩子們都來屋子四周玩耍，我要溶化在笛的樂聲中，整天在你心中震盪著。 親愛的姨母將帶著「普佳」的禮物來問：「姊姊，我們的孩兒呢？」媽媽，那麼你輕輕地對她說：「他在我的瞳人中，他在我的身體中，我的靈魂中。」 ──《新月集》‧終結 When, on the great festival of puja, the neighbours' children co

In the 1950s the world is shivering from the Cold War. Not just from the increasingly frigid relations between the United States and the Soviet Union, but from the threat of nuclear destruction. The b

匈奴一直是中國北方惱人的外患。經過漢文帝、漢景帝的休養生息之後，漢武帝時終於有能力可以對抗匈奴了。為了聯合月氏夾擊匈奴，漢武帝派遣張騫出使西域。身為中國第一位「外交官」，張騫有什麼樣的心情和眼界呢？他如何克服內心的恐懼，踏入一個完全未知的世界呢？ 關於張騫的記載，在《史記》中只有列在〈大宛列傳〉中的幾筆文字，由於張騫的傳奇色彩，作者特別將張騫和線上遊戲的製作連結，以古今交錯的敘述方式，費心揣摩張

本書打破死背介系詞意義和片語的方式，針對 ．Over/Through/About/Across/By/To/Of.... ．表示場所的In,On,At ．表示時間的In,On,At ．About/Before/During/From/Into/Under/Without.... 先劃出基本圖型，說明各個介系詞的基本意義，再運用「家族樹的臉譜」原理， 將介系詞的各種衍伸用法連繫起來，讓

Karl Theodor Jaspers (February 23, 1883 – February 26, 1969) was a German psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry and philosophy. After being trained in

This book of selections from the distinguished journal International Security speaks to the most important question of our age: the deterrence of nuclear war.Originally published in 1985.The Princeton

In May 1998, in reaction to India’s nuclear weapons tests, Pakistan tested six nuclear weapons. Following this, the country opted for a policy of minimum deterrence, and within a year Pakistan had alt

This book of selections from the distinguished journal International Security speaks to the most important question of our age: the deterrence of nuclear war.Originally published in 1985.The Princeton

Since the end of the Cold War, significant attention has focussed on the issue of nuclear deterrence and in particular whether formal nuclear security guarantees from nuclear weapons states to non-nuc

Since the end of the Cold War, significant attention has focussed on the issue of nuclear deterrence and in particular whether formal nuclear security guarantees from nuclear weapons states to non-nuc

Patrick Morgan's authoritative study revisits the place of deterrence after the Cold War. By assessing and questioning the state of modern deterrence theory, particularly under conditions of nuclear proliferation, Morgan argues that there are basic flaws in the design of the theory that ultimately limits its utility. Given the probable patterns of future international politics, he suggests that greater attention be paid to 'general' deterrence as opposed to 'immediate' deterrence and to examining the deterrent capabilities of collective actors such as NATO and the UN Security Council. Finally he contends that the revolution in military affairs can promote less reliance on deterrence by retaliatory threats, support better collective management of peace and security and permit us to outgrow nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction. This new major work builds upon Patrick Morgan's landmark book, Deterrence (1983).

Patrick Morgan's authoritative study revisits the place of deterrence after the Cold War. By assessing and questioning the state of modern deterrence theory, particularly under conditions of nuclear proliferation, Morgan argues that there are basic flaws in the design of the theory that ultimately limits its utility. Given the probable patterns of future international politics, he suggests that greater attention be paid to 'general' deterrence as opposed to 'immediate' deterrence and to examining the deterrent capabilities of collective actors such as NATO and the UN Security Council. Finally he contends that the revolution in military affairs can promote less reliance on deterrence by retaliatory threats, support better collective management of peace and security and permit us to outgrow nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction. This new major work builds upon Patrick Morgan's landmark book, Deterrence (1983).

Ambiguity and Deterrence focuses on the role of competing strategic beliefs in the formulation of British nuclear strategy between 1945 and 1964. Based on recently released documents, it is argued tha

Discusses the methods of moral reasoning, the evaluation of moral arguments, nuclear war theory, the policy of nuclear deterrence, and the effect of nuclear weapons on nonnuclear powers

《圓覺經》全名《大方廣圓覺修多羅了義經》，透過文殊師利等十二位菩薩與佛陀的問答，宣說如來圓覺妙理，揭櫫一切眾生具足圓覺妙心，是指引如何修行成佛的經典。《圓覺經》廣受唐代天台、華嚴、禪宗、密宗重視，北宋郭印提出佛教四書，清末吳坤修甄選釋氏十三經，它從未缺席，又早早流布高麗與鎌倉時代的朝鮮、日本。該經一卷之薄，允為東亞漢傳佛教「經中之睛」。是次新注新譯，深度利用東亞文獻以校勘、輯佚，紹述唐僧玄奘忠於原典及思想、語言原貌之傳統，從佛學乃至文學角度，予以精當闡釋，化深奧為易懂，內容至簡至要。〈導讀〉一文更明析該經結構、善本、善注、文體，乃至東亞古典時代地位諸議題。研讀佛教經典者，切莫錯過。The Sūtra of Perfect Englightenment 圓覺經, whose full title is The Nītârtha Sūtra on the canon of the great and expansive Perfect Enlightenment (Dà fāngguăng yuánjué xiūduōluó liǎoyì jīng) 大方廣圓覺修多羅了義經, uses a conversation between the Buddha and twelve Bodhisattvas, led by Mañjuśrī, to promulgate the wondrous doctrine of perfect enlightenment. It discloses that all sentient beings have an innate mind of perfect enlightenment, and guides them on how to train to attain Buddhahood. In the Tang dynasty, the Sūtra of Perfect Enlightenment was held in high esteem by the Tiantai, Huayan, Chan, and Vajrayāna (Esoteric) schools. And it was listed in the four Buddhist classics proposed by the Northern Song’s G

文法其實不只是規則排列，只要您懂得抓住訣竅，它也可以是根釣竿，帶領您 在浩瀚英語大海中遨遊。 常言道：給他魚吃不如教他抓魚。從前的英語文法教學，只講述而不解釋，無 怪乎學生一知半解的多，能活用者少；本書嘗試突破傳統做法，改從紮根做起，帶 領學習者深入英語的源頭，找尋文法的生命力。 舉例來說，您想知道為什麼說on the farm要比in the farm來得自然嗎？ in the hospit

This book is about the future of nuclear weapons, geopolitics, and strategy. It examines the legacy of nuclear weapons on US thinking about some concepts of strategy and geopolitics, namely deterrence

This book advocates for the United States to abolish nuclear weapons, arguing its necessity in terms of the harmful consequences of nuclear deterrence. Kultgen's argument is based on conceptions of hu

The conditions and context under which nuclear deterrence is to function have drastically altered since the Cold War period. This book examines the dynamics of nuclear deterrence in the Second Nuclear

Why have nuclear weapons not been used since Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945? Nina Tannenwald disputes the conventional answer of 'deterrence' in favour of what she calls a nuclear taboo - a widespread inhibition on using nuclear weapons - which has arisen in global politics. Drawing on newly released archival sources, Tannenwald traces the rise of the nuclear taboo, the forces that produced it, and its influence, particularly on US leaders. She analyzes four critical instances where US leaders considered using nuclear weapons (Japan 1945, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Gulf War 1991) and examines how the nuclear taboo has repeatedly dissuaded US and other world leaders from resorting to these 'ultimate weapons'. Through a systematic analysis, Tannenwald challenges conventional conceptions of deterrence and offers a compelling argument on the moral bases of nuclear restraint as well as an important insight into how nuclear war can be avoided in the future.

Why have nuclear weapons not been used since Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945? Nina Tannenwald disputes the conventional answer of 'deterrence' in favour of what she calls a nuclear taboo - a widespread inhibition on using nuclear weapons - which has arisen in global politics. Drawing on newly released archival sources, Tannenwald traces the rise of the nuclear taboo, the forces that produced it, and its influence, particularly on US leaders. She analyzes four critical instances where US leaders considered using nuclear weapons (Japan 1945, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Gulf War 1991) and examines how the nuclear taboo has repeatedly dissuaded US and other world leaders from resorting to these 'ultimate weapons'. Through a systematic analysis, Tannenwald challenges conventional conceptions of deterrence and offers a compelling argument on the moral bases of nuclear restraint as well as an important insight into how nuclear war can be avoided in the future.

With the passing of the Cold War, a chapter in the history of nuclear deterrence has come to an end. Nuclear weapons remain, however, and nuclear deterrence will again be practiced. Rather than simply assume that the policy of deterrence has worked we need to learn the proper lessons from history in order to ensure that its mistakes are not repeated. Professor Lee furnishes us with the kind of analysis that will enable us to learn those lessons. This 1993 book is the first post-Cold War assessment of nuclear deterrence. It provides a comprehensive normative understanding of nuclear deterrence policy, examining both its ethical and strategic dimensions. The book poses the question: What kind of nuclear policy, if any, deserves both moral and prudential endorsement?

This volume examines the complex and vitally important ethical questions connected with the deployment of nuclear weapons and their use as a deterrent. A number of the essays contained here have already established themselves as penetrating and significant contributions to the debate on nuclear ethics. They have been revised to bring out their unity and coherence, and are integrated with new essays. The books exceptional rigor and clarity make it valuable whether the reader's concern with nuclear ethics is professional or personal. Part I explores the morality of nuclear deterrrence from each of the two dominant traditions in moral philosophy, deontology and consequentialism, and points out a number of interesting ethical dilemmas. Part II criticizes a variety of alternatives to deterrence - unilateral nuclear disarmament, world government, strategic defense against ballistic missiles, and nuclear coercion - and argues for mutual nuclear disarmament as a realistic and desirable long-ru

End the year with a bang when you celebrate the holidays with Vault Boy and all his atomic friends with this deluxe advent calendar!Initiate the countdown to Christmas with your favorite vault dweller! In this nuclear countdown calendar based on the Fallout video game series, each day is a blast as you decorate a one-of-a-kind pop-up tree with ornaments showcasing your favorite characters, such as Nick Valentine, Raul Tejada, Codsworth, Dogmeat, and so many more! Also included is an awesome Fallout gift for the holidays: an exclusive ornament to hang on your own holiday tree to show off to all your fellow vault dwellers.EXCLUSIVE METAL ORNAMENT: This stunning collection includes an awesome metal ornament that you can hang on your own holiday tree in your own vault!DECK THE HALLS OF THE VAULT: Based on the popular game, this explosive Fallout calendar features a booming pop-up holiday tree and mini paper ornaments to display or share! On the 25th, unveil a fun tree-topper and a gorgeous

Get inside the machinery of the modern world and understand the science that makes it all work. Have you ever been tempted to take the back off your TV? Have you wondered about what's going on beneath your feet on the street where you live? How Technology Works lifts the lid on the technology you use all the time but take for granted. It also takes you to places you'll never get the chance to see, such as the inside of a nuclear storage facility or the crew capsule on top of a moon rocket. The book takes you on a journey of discovery, starting with technology at work inside the human body before exploring cities and factories and then blasting off into space. Along the way, you'll lose yourself in super-detailed illustrations that reveal amazing hidden things and explain how they work. How Technology Works is an inspiring guide that makes technology fun, fascinating, and accessible for curious minds of all ages.

Harrowing and graphic re-telling of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster from the creator of George Orwell's1984graphic novel.This graphic and harrowing account of nuclear catastrophe at Chernobyl in April 1986 follows the dozens of human stories cruelly affected by disaster.From the engineers and firefighters to doctors and soldiers, the children and families in the surrounding towns and villages to the animals in the forests - they all make up the story of Chernobyl, a mosaic of victims who paid the price for distant politicians’ ambitions and arrogance.

Wherever Looshkin goes, chaos follows right behind. Prepare yourself for rocket-powered nuclear burps, firecracker cheese and LARGE PANTS GALORE!Full of quick-fire gags and surreal hilarity, you'll never be able to guess what he'll do next - but it's guaranteed to make you titter!

In this third “thrilling” (Kirkus Reviews) installment in the New York Times bestselling series from Edgar Award winner James Ponti, the young group of spies help a fellow agent in another international adventure perfect for fans of Spy School and Mrs. Smith’s Spy School for Girls.After taking down a mole within their organization, the City Spies are ready for their next mission—once again using their unique skills and ability to infiltrate places adults can’t. The sinister Umbra has their sights set on recruiting a North Korean nuclear physicist by any means necessary, and the City Spies plan to keep an eye on his son by sending Paris to the chess prodigy’s tournaments in Moscow and Beijing.Meanwhile, Sydney’s embedded as a junior reporter for a teen lifestyle site as she follows the daughter of a British billionaire on tour with the biggest act on her father’s music label to uncover what links both the band and the billionaire have to a recent threat from an old Soviet missile base.F

How do you know you really exist? It's Maisie's birthday and she can't wait to open her presents. She's hoping for the things she needs to build her own nuclear reactor. But she wakes to an empty hous

After his parents, two sisters, and he have spent six years in a vast underground compound built by his wealthy father to protect them from a nuclear holocaust, fifteen-year-old Eli, whose twin brothe

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (2017) sets out to challenge deterrence policies and military defence doctrines, taking a humanitarian approach intended to disrupt the nuclear status quo. States with nuclear weapons oppose its very existence, neither participating in its development nor adopting its final text. Civil society groups seem determined, however, to stigmatize and delegitimize nuclear weapons towards their abolition. This book analyzes how the Treaty influences the international security architecture, examining legal, institutional and diplomatic implications of the Treaty and exploring its real and potential impact for both states acceding to the Treaty and those opposing it. It concludes with practical recommendations for international lawyers and policymakers regarding non-proliferation and disarmament matters, ultimately noting that nuclear weapons threaten peace, and everyone should have the right to nuclear peace and freedom from nuclear fear.

The complexity of the twenty-first century threat landscape contrasts markedly with the bilateral nuclear bargaining context envisioned by classical deterrence theory. Nuclear and conventional arsenal

The complexity of the twenty-first century threat landscape contrasts markedly with the bilateral nuclear bargaining context envisioned by classical deterrence theory. Nuclear and conventional arsenal

Are nuclear weapons useful for coercive diplomacy? Since 1945, most strategic thinking about nuclear weapons has focused on deterrence - using nuclear threats to prevent attacks against the nation's territory and interests. But an often overlooked question is whether nuclear threats can also coerce adversaries to relinquish possessions or change their behavior. Can nuclear weapons be used to blackmail other countries? The prevailing wisdom is that nuclear weapons are useful for coercion, but this book shows that this view is badly misguided. Nuclear weapons are useful mainly for deterrence and self-defense, not for coercion. The authors evaluate the role of nuclear weapons in several foreign policy contexts and present a trove of new quantitative and historical evidence that nuclear weapons do not help countries achieve better results in coercive diplomacy. The evidence is clear: the benefits of possessing nuclear weapons are almost exclusively defensive, not offensive.

Are nuclear weapons useful for coercive diplomacy? Since 1945, most strategic thinking about nuclear weapons has focused on deterrence - using nuclear threats to prevent attacks against the nation's territory and interests. But an often overlooked question is whether nuclear threats can also coerce adversaries to relinquish possessions or change their behavior. Can nuclear weapons be used to blackmail other countries? The prevailing wisdom is that nuclear weapons are useful for coercion, but this book shows that this view is badly misguided. Nuclear weapons are useful mainly for deterrence and self-defense, not for coercion. The authors evaluate the role of nuclear weapons in several foreign policy contexts and present a trove of new quantitative and historical evidence that nuclear weapons do not help countries achieve better results in coercive diplomacy. The evidence is clear: the benefits of possessing nuclear weapons are almost exclusively defensive, not offensive.

This book offers a new and provocative interpretation of early Cold War history by demonstrating how Christian agency played a pivotal role in the creating of space for the logic of nuclear deterrence