Muhammad Ali Khalidi

The notion of 'natural kinds' has been central to contemporary discussions of metaphysics and philosophy of science. Although explicitly articulated by nineteenth-century philosophers like Mill, Whewell and Venn, it has a much older history dating back to Plato and Aristotle. In recent years, essentialism has been the dominant account of natural kinds among philosophers, but the essentialist view has encountered resistance, especially among naturalist metaphysicians and philosophers of science. Informed by detailed examination of classification in the natural and social sciences, this book argues against essentialism and for a naturalist account of natural kinds. By looking at case studies drawn from diverse scientific disciplines, from fluid mechanics to virology and polymer science to psychiatry, the author argues that natural kinds are nodes in causal networks. On the basis of this account, he maintains that there can be natural kinds in the social sciences as well as the natural sc

The notion of 'natural kinds' has been central to contemporary discussions of metaphysics and philosophy of science. Although explicitly articulated by nineteenth-century philosophers like Mill, Whewell and Venn, it has a much older history dating back to Plato and Aristotle. In recent years, essentialism has been the dominant account of natural kinds among philosophers, but the essentialist view has encountered resistance, especially among naturalist metaphysicians and philosophers of science. Informed by detailed examination of classification in the natural and social sciences, this book argues against essentialism and for a naturalist account of natural kinds. By looking at case studies drawn from diverse scientific disciplines, from fluid mechanics to virology and polymer science to psychiatry, the author argues that natural kinds are nodes in causal networks. On the basis of this account, he maintains that there can be natural kinds in the social sciences as well as the natural sc

Philosophy in the Islamic world emerged in the ninth century and continued to flourish into the fourteenth century. It was strongly influenced by Greek thought, but Islamic philosophers also developed an original philosophical culture of their own, which had a considerable impact on the subsequent course of Western philosophy. This volume offers new translations of philosophical writings by Farabi, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ghazali, Ibn Tufayl, and Ibn Rushd (Averroes). All of the texts presented here were very influential and invite comparison with later works in the Western tradition. They focus on metaphysics and epistemology but also contribute to broader debates concerning the conception of God, the nature of religion, the place of humanity in the universe, and the limits of human reason. A historical and philosophical introduction sets the writings in context and traces their preoccupations and their achievement.

Philosophy in the Islamic world emerged in the ninth century and continued to flourish into the fourteenth century. It was strongly influenced by Greek thought, but Islamic philosophers also developed an original philosophical culture of their own, which had a considerable impact on the subsequent course of Western philosophy. This volume offers new translations of philosophical writings by Farabi, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ghazali, Ibn Tufayl, and Ibn Rushd (Averroes). All of the texts presented here were very influential and invite comparison with later works in the Western tradition. They focus on metaphysics and epistemology but also contribute to broader debates concerning the conception of God, the nature of religion, the place of humanity in the universe, and the limits of human reason. A historical and philosophical introduction sets the writings in context and traces their preoccupations and their achievement.

一九四八年以色列建國，對於巴勒斯坦人而言，卻是民族的「災難日」，迫使他們逃離家園、流散異鄉。 本書起源於黎巴嫩巴勒斯坦研究中心所辦的一場創意寫作工作坊，主題為「以自傳體散文書寫巴勒斯坦流亡經驗」，公開徵文選出了十一位參與者，最終將他們的成果集結成冊。故事的主題多元，篇篇訴說著形形色色的人生──有對童年的追憶，也有對自身的反思，還有對戰爭逃亡的重現──旨在撕開國際報導中「恐怖分子」的偏頗形象，揭露巴勒斯坦老百姓的真實聲音，將主流媒體忽視的面貌毫不保留地呈現在大眾眼前。他們不僅僅是新聞畫面中一閃而過的背景、聯合國統計資料上概化的數字，而是有著獨特生命故事的人。 ★ 營區的塗鴉牆是一疊疊日漸臃腫的報紙堆每當歷經重大事件，就會有人在牆上留下沉默的怒吼，揮灑出一連串可能帶有文法或拼字錯誤的文字，卻為牆面帶來繽紛色彩與紀念意義。刻下的一字一句都成為「公報」的創刊號，或見證烈士殞落的報導草稿。一旦刻印在了鐵皮屋的牆上，再無聲的反抗都可能像擴音器播出的叫禱一樣刺耳；匿名人寫下的話語直截而不拐彎抹角，映襯著官方報紙經過審查後粉飾太平的文字…… ★ 恐引發內戰的夢想，懸而未解的身分認同孩提時期的亞法曾夢想在她鍾愛的廣場上舉辦一場傳統的巴勒斯坦婚禮。然而，黎巴嫩依舊籠罩在內戰陰影之下，她巴勒斯坦難民的身分註定使得兒時夢碎。一條阿拉伯頭巾掀起了腥風血雨，累積成一片血海深仇，留下一條涇渭分明的線將黎巴嫩人和住在黎巴嫩逾一甲子的巴勒斯坦人區隔開來。巴勒斯坦人的歡慶可能激怒黎巴嫩人；反之亦然。政治殘殺了住在亞法心底的小孩…… ★ 透過倖存者視角，親眼見證人類惡中之惡一九八二年，以色列入侵黎巴嫩，占領了艾因哈勒瓦難民營，當時年僅十三歲的馬哈茂德將這一切暴行收進眼底：路面上面布滿了塵土和煤煙，有些地方被砲擊炸毀，有些地方被行經的坦克輾裂，有些地方可以看到黑色的油漬，像是馬路上曾經發生了零星戰火。路邊停了許多輛焚燒過的車，有些車輛還跳動著火光。電線桿倒成一片，幾根電纜在路上糾成一團，阻礙我們前進。一路走來也看到了幾具屍體…… 無情的戰火也許讓巴勒斯坦人流離失所，卻無法奪去他們的聲音。他們的故事歷經了災難和苦難，記錄下敗仗與屠殺、愛恨情仇與革命抗爭

夢醒時份好像甚麼不可能的事情也可以發生？故事的主角Gumgum一覺醒來，發現自己最愛的他不在身邊，而是活在時間線上的未來戀人，明明腦海裡充滿著二人的珍貴回憶，卻又要為尚未發生的親密關係期待又期待。《All I want is you》是Gumgum以故事主人翁的角度，用簡單直接的文字和不一樣的圖像色彩，記錄著戀人之間的絲絲細語，幻得幻失的寂寞感覺，以至對未來的無限憧憬，宛如為自己寫下一封沒完沒了的

讀萬卷書還是行萬里路？ "Let's go Somewhere Beautiful" -- 故事裡喜愛閱讀的小女孩和她的小貓咪，從書本裡發掘新靈感，經過思前想後，並決意逃離淡而無味、日復一日的刻板生活。 這本 Graphic Novel 是以旅遊記錄形式，以小女孩的第一身敘述她在這尋找新生活的奇妙旅程上，一事一物及所見所聞，她怎樣穿梭色彩班爛的陌生領域，化險為夷。她又如何跳出孤

傳說雲上有一座博物館，藏著很多神奇的展品。這天，小女孩被邀請到博物館參觀，她遇到了導賞員小端，展開了奇妙的旅程。小端還告訴小女孩關於彩雲密碼和夢幻空間的秘密呢！

Essential Physiology for Dental Students offers comprehensive information on human physiology, tailored to the needs of students of dentistry. This new addition to the Dentistry Essentials series

The Punjab--an area now divided between Pakistan and India--experienced significant economic growth under British rule from the second half of the nineteenth century. This expansion was founded on the

The Punjab--an area now divided between Pakistan and India--experienced significant economic growth under British rule from the second half of the nineteenth century. This expansion was founded on the

夢醒時份好像甚麼不可能的事情也可以發生？故事的主角Gumgum一覺醒來，發現自己最愛的他不在身邊，而是活在時間線上的未來戀人，明明腦海裡充滿著二人的珍貴回憶，卻又要為尚未發生的親密關係期待又期待。 《All I want is you》是Gumgum以故事主人翁的角度，用簡單直接的文字和不一樣的圖像色彩，記錄著戀人之間的絲絲細語，幻得幻失的寂寞感覺，以至對未來的無限憧憬，宛如為自己寫下一封沒完沒了的情書般，一點一滴道出如何期盼著完美結局的同時，又怕好夢落空的矛盾心情！

The ultimate reference for those with Crohn's and colitis and their family and friendsCrohn's disease and colitis are frustrating, often debilitating gastrointestinal diseases that can have a severe i

讀萬卷書還是行萬里路？ "Let's go Somewhere Beautiful" -- 故事裡喜愛閱讀的小女孩和她的小貓咪，從書本裡發掘新靈感，經過思前想後，並決意逃離淡而無味、日復一日的刻板生活。 這本 Graphic Novel 是以旅遊記錄形式，以小女孩的第一身敘述她在這尋找新生活的奇妙旅程上，一事一物及所見所聞，她怎樣穿梭色彩班爛的陌生領域，化險為夷。她又如何跳出孤伶伶的小空間，到達比幻想更美麗的新國度。究竟，這小女孩最終又能否擁抱她朝思暮想的那個他？

Detection of drugs at low concentration is required in a variety of biological and medical situations, in order to avoid harmful side effects posed by some drug residues. The book details the instrume

This volume brings together basic and clinical science to provide in-depth understanding and current knowledge concerning new conceptual insights into the CNS acting drugs and drugs of abuse and treat

A collection of writings by leading experts and newer researchers on the SARS outbreak and its relation to infectious disease management in progressively global and urban societies.Presents original c

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What’s your worst nightmare as a doctor? Missing a life-threatening condition must be among the biggest fears for health professionals. But sometimes the clue to the diagnosis lies in just a sin

Today, among the various chiral discrimination methods, chromatography and capillary electrophoresis techniques have become powerful tools in environmental analysis. Therefore, there is a need to desc