Roever

Quantitative Methods for Second Language Research is an introduction to quantitative data analysis methods used in language assessment and second language learning and assessment research, for those w

Quantitative Methods for Second Language Research introduces the approaches to and techniques for quantitative data analysis in second language research (SLR), with a primary focus on second language

Taguchi and Roever present the latest developments in second language pragmatics research, combining acquisitional and sociolinguistic perspectives.

This is a systematic and comprehensive introduction both to compositional proof methods for the state-based verification of concurrent programs, such as the assumption-commitment and rely-guarantee paradigms, and to noncompositional methods, whose presentation culminates in an exposition of the communication-closed-layers (CCL) paradigm for verifying network protocols. Compositional concurrency verification methods reduce the verification of a concurrent program to the independent verification of its parts. If those parts are tightly coupled, one additionally needs verification methods based on the causal order between events. These are presented using CCL. The semantic approach followed here allows a systematic presentation of all these concepts in a unified framework which highlights essential concepts. This 2001 book is self-contained, guiding the reader from advanced undergraduate level. Every method is illustrated by examples, and a picture gallery of some of the subject's key fig

The goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the important and highly applicable method of data refinement and the simulation methods used for proving its correctness. The authors concentrate in the first part on the general principles needed to prove data refinement correct. They begin with an explanation of the fundamental notions, showing that data refinement proofs reduce to proving simulation. The book's second part contains a detailed survey of important methods in this field, which are carefully analysed, and shown to be either incomplete, with counterexamples to their application, or to be always applicable whenever data refinement holds. This is shown by proving, for the first time, that all these methods can be described and analysed in terms of two simple notions: forward and backward simulation. The book is self-contained, going from advanced undergraduate level and taking the reader to the state of the art in methods for proving simula

This is a systematic and comprehensive introduction both to compositional proof methods for the state-based verification of concurrent programs, such as the assumption-commitment and rely-guarantee paradigms, and to noncompositional methods, whose presentation culminates in an exposition of the communication-closed-layers (CCL) paradigm for verifying network protocols. Compositional concurrency verification methods reduce the verification of a concurrent program to the independent verification of its parts. If those parts are tightly coupled, one additionally needs verification methods based on the causal order between events. These are presented using CCL. The semantic approach followed here allows a systematic presentation of all these concepts in a unified framework which highlights essential concepts. This 2001 book is self-contained, guiding the reader from advanced undergraduate level. Every method is illustrated by examples, and a picture gallery of some of the subject's key fig

The goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the important and highly applicable method of data refinement and the simulation methods used for proving its correctness. The authors concentrate in the first part on the general principles needed to prove data refinement correct. They begin with an explanation of the fundamental notions, showing that data refinement proofs reduce to proving simulation. The book's second part contains a detailed survey of important methods in this field, which are carefully analysed, and shown to be either incomplete, with counterexamples to their application, or to be always applicable whenever data refinement holds. This is shown by proving, for the first time, that all these methods can be described and analysed in terms of two simple notions: forward and backward simulation. The book is self-contained, going from advanced undergraduate level and taking the reader to the state of the art in methods for proving simula

Applied linguists describe the development and validation of a pragmatics test designed for second language learners of Australian English. They created a web-based testing instrument assessing test t

Formal methods have been applied successfully to the verification of medium-sized programs in protocol and hardware design. However, their application to the development of large systems requires more