Machine Learning Algorithms for Problem Solving in Computational Applications

Before the term hacking became associated with computers, MIT undergraduates used it to describe any activity that took their minds off studying, suggested an unusual solution to a technical problem,

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) offer an efficient method for finding optimal cleanup strategies for hazardous plumes contaminating groundwater by allowing hydrologists to rapidly search through mil

Made-Up Minds addresses fundamental questions of learning and concept invention by means of an innovative computer program that is based on the cognitive-developmental theory of psychologist Jean Piag

A detailed account of the experience of learning to improvise on the piano.Ways of the Hand tells the story of how David Sudnow learned to improvise jazz on the piano. Because he had been trained as a

Internet telephony is the integration and convergence of voice and data networks, services, and applications. The rapidly developing technology can convert analog voice input to digital data, send it

That children learn to speak so skillfully at a young age has long fascinated adults.Most children virtually master their native tongue even before learning to tie their shoelaces. Theability to acqui

This book provides an introduction to the field of knowledge management. Taking a learning-centric rather than information-centric approach, it emphasizes the continuous acquisition and application of

Both state-space models and Markov switching models have been highly productive paths for empirical research in macroeconomics and finance. This book presents recent advances in econometric methods t

Although climate change is a global problem, there is a growing recognition of the need to look at its regional manifestations and management. This book takes such a regi

Focusing on the Alpine region to look at climate change's regional manifestations. Although climate change is a global problem, there is a growing recognition of the need to look at its regional man

In economics, most noncooperative game theory has focused on equilibrium in games, especially Nash equilibrium and its refinements. The traditional explanation for when and why equilibrium arises is t

This book describes the complete iWarp system, from instruction-level parallelism to final parallel applications. The authors present a range of issues that must be considered to get a real system int

This book describes the complete iWarp system, from instruction-level parallelism to final parallel applications. The authors present a range of issues that must be considered to get a real system int

The past fifteen years have seen great changes in the field of language acquisition. New experimental methods have yielded insights into the linguistic knowledge of ever younger children, and interest

Many science and engineering applications require the user to find solutions to systems of nonlinear constraints or to optimize a nonlinear function subject to nonlinear constraints. The field of glob

What has happened to the magic of learning? Playful illusions, spellbinding games, and lifelike automata were once integral to education. Artful Science reveals the exhilarating but paradoxical inter

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) offer an efficient method for finding optimal cleanup strategies for hazardous plumes contaminating groundwater by allowing hydrologists to rapidly search through mil

The Prudential Regulation of Banks applies modern economic theory to prudentialregulation of financial intermediaries. Dewatripont and Tirole tackle the key problem of providingthe right incentives to

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is one of the most important applications for high-performance computing, setting the pace for developments in scientific computing. Anyone who wants to design a new

Tax scams involving the rich and famous make eye-catching news copy. They also arepart of a significant and growing economic problem - the "shadow economy" that defrauds thegovernment. Frank Cowell is

A comprehensive survey of the theory and applications of meta-programming, covering problems of representation and of soundness and correctness of interpreters, analysis and evaluation of meta-logic p

Teaching the theory of error correcting codes on an introductory level is a difficult task. The theory, which has immediate hardware applications, also concerns highly abstract mathematical concepts.

This self-contained and formal exposition of the theory and applications of pseudo-differential operators is addressed not only to specialists and graduate students but to advanced undergraduates as w

Rather than concentrating on a particular health care plan, Humanizing Health Care shows how problem areas can be more clearly recognized, the pricipal issues identified, and possible options evaluate

A collection of papers exploring why children acquire speech easily yet bog down when it comes to learning to read. Why do most children acquire speech easily yet bog down when it comes to learning

This is the first book on the optimal estimation that places its major emphasis on practical applications, treating the subject more from an engineering than a mathematical orientation.

When designing a world trading system for the twenty-first century, “Keep calm and carry on” beats “Move fast and break things.”Global trade is in trouble. Climate change, digital trade, offshoring, the rise of emerging markets led by China: Can the World Trade Organization (WTO), built for trade in the twentieth century, meet the challenges of the twenty-first? The answer is yes, Robert Staiger tells us, arguing that adapting the WTO to the changed economic environment would serve the world better than a radical reset.Governed by the WTO, on the principles of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), global trade rules traditionally focus on “shallow integration”―with an emphasis on reducing tariffs and trade impediments at the border―rather than “deep integration,” or direct negotiations over behind-the-border measures. Staiger charts the economic environment that gave rise to the former approach, explains when and why it worked, and surveys the changing landscape for global

A framework for understanding the totality of costs and benefits of universal access that will foster honest appraisal and guide the development of good policies.Universal access―the idea that certain technologies and services should be extended to all regardless of geography or ability to pay―evokes ideals of democracy and equality that must be reconciled with the realities on the ground. The COVID-19 pandemic raised awareness of the need for access to high-speed internet service in the United States, but this is just the latest in a long history of debates about what should be made available and to whom. Rural mail delivery, electrification, telephone service, public schooling, and library access each raised the same questions as today’s debates about health care and broadband. What types of services should be universally available? Who benefits from extending these services? And who bears the cost? Stepping beyond humanitarian arguments to conduct a clear-eyed, diagnostic analysis,

A comprehensive proposal for reforming copyright law to ensure sustainable public access to research and scholarship.Open access is widely supported by researchers, librarians, scholarly societies, and research funders, as well as large and small publishers. Yet despite this support―and the pandemic’s demonstration of the importance of open access for scientific progress―the scholarly publishing market is failing to deliver open access quickly enough. In Copyright’s Broken Promise, John Willinsky presents the case for reforming copyright law so that it supports, rather than impedes, public access to research and scholarship. He draws on the legal strategy of statutory licensing to set out the terms and structures by which the Copyright Act could ensure that publishers are fairly compensated for providing immediate open access. What sets Willinsky’s analysis apart is its focus on the current state of scholarly publishing. Because copyright offers so little legal support for moving publi

Natural phenomena, including human language, are not just series of events but are organized quasi-periodically; sentences have structure, and that structure matters.Howard Lasnik and Juan Uriagereka “were there” when generative grammar was being developed into the Minimalist Program. In this presentation of the universal aspects of human language as a cognitive phenomenon, they rationally reconstruct syntactic structure. In the process, they touch upon structure dependency and its consequences for learnability, nuanced arguments (including global ones) for structure presupposed in standard linguistic analyses, and a formalism to capture long-range correlations. For practitioners, the authors assess whether “all we need is Merge,” while for outsiders, they summarize what needs to be covered when attempting to have structure “emerge.” Reconstructing the essential history of what is at stake when arguing for sentence scaffolding, the authors cover a range of larger issues, from the tradi

A proposal for a new media design to balance the contributions of humans and materials in the world they share.How can media design support a balance between our needs for self-expression and the material needs of the world we are part of? What criteria define a sustainable media ecology? In Vital Media, Michael Nitsche argues that the current human-centric view is not sustainable and that media are best viewed as dynamic networks where cognitive and noncognitive participants co-create. What we need, according to Nitsche, is a media design that balances the needs of all partners involved: vital media. Tracing this ideal through two domains of expression and making, performance and craft, Nitsche calls on us to embrace material co-existence and to design for self-expression as well as material evolution. We must recognize that the living body and its dependencies on the world around it are at the heart of what media are about. Vital media exist to not only help individuals fulfill their

Contributions by urban planners, sociologists, anthropologists, architects, and landscape architects on the role and scope of urban design in creating more just and inclusive cities.Scholars who write about justice and the city rarely consider the practices and processes of urban design, while discourses on urban design often neglect concerns about justice. The editors of Just Urban Design take the position that urban design interventions have direct and important implications for justice in the city. The contributions in this volume contextualize the state of knowledge about urban design for justice, stress inclusivity as the key to justice in the city, affirm community participation and organizing as cornerstones of greater equity, and assert that a just urban design must center and privilege our most marginalized individuals and communities. Approaching spatial and social justice in the city through the lens of urban design, the contributors explore the possibility of envisioning an