Inductive Logic Programming

A primer on the underlying technologies that allow computer programs to work. Covers topics like computer hardware, combinatorial logic, sequential logic, computer architecture, computer anatomy, and

This clearly written textbook provides an accessible introduction to the three programming paradigms of object-oriented/imperative, functional, and logic programming. Highly interactive in style, the

This textbook provides in-depth coverage of the fundamentals of the C and C++ programming languages and the object-oriented programming paradigm. It follows an example-driven approach to facilitate understanding of theoretical concepts. Essential concepts, including functions, arrays, pointers and inheritance, are explained, while complex topics, such as dynamic memory allocation, object slicing, vtables, and upcasting and downcasting, are examined in detail. Concepts are explained with the help of line diagrams, student-teacher conversations and flow charts, while other useful features, such as quiz questions and points to remember, are included. Solved examples, review questions and useful case studies are interspersed throughout the text, and explanations of the logic used to implement particular functionality is also provided. This book will be useful for undergraduate students of computer science and engineering, and information technology.

The fifth edition of Programmable Logic Controllers continues to provide an up to date introduction to all aspects of PLC programming, installation, and maintaining procedures. Improvements have been

This clearly written textbook introduces the reader to the three styles of programming, examining object-oriented/imperative, functional, and logic programming. The focus of the text moves from highly

A Complete, Hands-on Guide to Programmable Logic ControllersProgrammable Logic Controllers: Industrial Control offers a thorough introduction to PLC programming with focus on real-world industrial pro

This book presents a systematic overview of the interaction between logic programming and database systems. Merging these two technologies permits new types of systems which extend the frontiers of co

This two-volume work, first published in 1843, was John Stuart Mill's first major book. It reinvented the modern study of logic and laid the foundations for his later work in the areas of political economy, women's rights and representative government. In clear, systematic prose, Mill (1806–73) disentangles syllogistic logic from its origins in Aristotle and scholasticism and grounds it instead in processes of inductive reasoning. An important attempt at integrating empiricism within a more general theory of human knowledge, the work constitutes essential reading for anyone seeking a full understanding of Mill's thought. Volume 1 contains Mill's introduction, which elaborates upon his definition of logic as 'not the science of Belief, but the science of Proof, or Evidence'. It also discusses methods of logical reasoning - propositions and syllogisms. Volume 2 contains 'On the Logic of the Moral Sciences', in which Mills applies empirical reasoning to human behaviour.

Programming languages are often classified according to their paradigms, e.g. imperative, functional, logic, constraint-based, object-oriented, or aspect-oriented. A paradigm characterizes the style,

This Festschrift volume, published in honor of Michael Gelfond on the occasion of his 65th birthday, contains a collection of papers written by his closest friends and colleagues. Several of these pap

The ideal review for your logic courseMore than 40 million students have trusted Schaum’s Outlines for their expert knowledge and helpful solved problems. Written by renowned experts in their respective fields, Schaum’s Outlines cover everything from math to science, nursing to language. The main feature for all these books is the solved problems. Step-by-step, authors walk readers through coming up with solutions to exercises in their topic of choice. 500 solved problemsIncludes non-classical logicsCovers the probability calculusComplements or supplements the major Logic textbooksAppropriate for the following courses: Introduction to Formal Logic, Informal Logic, Logic Programming, AlgebraComplete course content in easy-to-follow outline formHundreds of solved problems for effective test preparation

Computational semantics is the art and science of computing meaning in natural language. The meaning of a sentence is derived from the meanings of the individual words in it, and this process can be made so precise that it can be implemented on a computer. Designed for students of linguistics, computer science, logic and philosophy, this comprehensive text shows how to compute meaning using the functional programming language Haskell. It deals with both denotational meaning (where meaning comes from knowing the conditions of truth in situations), and operational meaning (where meaning is an instruction for performing cognitive action). Including a discussion of recent developments in logic, it will be invaluable to linguistics students wanting to apply logic to their studies, logic students wishing to learn how their subject can be applied to linguistics, and functional programmers interested in natural language processing as a new application area.

Computational semantics is the art and science of computing meaning in natural language. The meaning of a sentence is derived from the meanings of the individual words in it, and this process can be made so precise that it can be implemented on a computer. Designed for students of linguistics, computer science, logic and philosophy, this comprehensive text shows how to compute meaning using the functional programming language Haskell. It deals with both denotational meaning (where meaning comes from knowing the conditions of truth in situations), and operational meaning (where meaning is an instruction for performing cognitive action). Including a discussion of recent developments in logic, it will be invaluable to linguistics students wanting to apply logic to their studies, logic students wishing to learn how their subject can be applied to linguistics, and functional programmers interested in natural language processing as a new application area.

Activities Manual to accompany Programmable Logic Controllers contains a wide range of generic programming assignments and exercises to provide hands-on experience with PLC installation as well as cha

This fourth edition of Programmable Logic Controllers continues to provide an up-to-date introduction to all aspects of PLC programming, installation, and maintaining procedures. No previous knowledge

AN INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING USING ALICE 2.2, SECOND EDITION, provides students with a solid introduction to concepts of programming, logic, and related mathematics through the use of Alice, a prove

PROGRAMMING CONTROLLOGIX PROGRAMMABLE AUTOMATION CONTROLLERS takes the reader from an overview of the Programmable Logic Controllers through ladder logic, structured text, sequential function chart,

The sheer complexity of computer systems has meant that automated reasoning, i.e. the ability of computers to perform logical inference, has become a vital component of program construction and of programming language design. This book meets the demand for a self-contained and broad-based account of the concepts, the machinery and the use of automated reasoning. The mathematical logic foundations are described in conjunction with practical application, all with the minimum of prerequisites. The approach is constructive, concrete and algorithmic: a key feature is that methods are described with reference to actual implementations (for which code is supplied) that readers can use, modify and experiment with. This book is ideally suited for those seeking a one-stop source for the general area of automated reasoning. It can be used as a reference, or as a place to learn the fundamentals, either in conjunction with advanced courses or for self study.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed and extended post-workshop proceedings of the 12th Annual ERCIM International Workshop on Constraint Solving and Constraint Logic Programming, CSCLP 2007,

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning, LPAR 2008, which took place in Doha, Qatar, during

A GUIDE TO WORKING WITH VISUAL LOGIC helps you and your students maximize the Visual Logic software. The book clearly introduces Visual Logic as a simple, but powerful, tool for mastering programming

A GUIDE TO WORKING WITH VISUAL LOGIC helps you and your students maximize the Visual Logic software. The book clearly introduces Visual Logic as a simple, but powerful, tool for mastering programming

This collection presents the best of current work on all aspects of constraint logic programming languages, from theory through language implementation. Constraint logic programming, the notion of c

This book by one of the world's foremost philosophers in the fields of epistemology and logic offers an account of suppositional reasoning relevant to practical deliberation, explanation, prediction and hypothesis testing. Suppositions made 'for the sake of argument' sometimes conflict with our beliefs, and when they do, some beliefs are rejected and others retained. Thanks to such belief contravention, adding content to a supposition can undermine conclusions reached without it. Subversion can also arise because suppositional reasoning is ampliative. These two types of nonmonotonic logic are the focus of this book. A detailed comparison of nonmonotonicity appropriate to both belief contravening and ampliative suppositional reasoning reveals important differences that have been overlooked.

Declarative programs consist of mathematical functions and relations and are amenable to formal specification and verification, since the methods of logic and proof can be applied to the programs in a well-defined manner. Here Dr Padawitz emphasizes verification based on logical inference rules, i.e. deduction (in contrast with model-theoretic approaches, deductive methods can be automated to some extent). His treatment of the subject differs from others in that he tries to capture the actual styles and applications of programming; neither too general with respect to the underlying logic, nor too restrictive for the practice of programming. He generalizes and unifies results from classical theorem-proving and term rewriting to provide proof methods tailored to declarative program synthesis and verification. Detailed examples accompany the development of the methods, whose use is supported by a documented prototyping system. The book can be used for graduate courses or as a reference fo

This book develops the theory of typed feature structures, a data structure that generalizes both first-order terms and feature structures of unification-based grammars to include inheritance, typing, inequality, cycles and intensionality. The resulting synthesis serves as a logical foundation for grammars, logic programming and constraint-based reasoning systems. A logical perspective is adopted which employs an attribute-value description language along with complete equational axiomatizations of the various systems of feature structures. At the same time, efficiency concerns are kept in mind and complexity and representability results are provided. The application of feature structures to phrase structure grammars is described and completeness results are shown for standard evaluation strategies. Definite clause logic programs are treated as a special case of phrase structure grammars. Constraint systems are introduced and an enumeration technique is developed for solving arbitrary

Linear logic is a branch of proof theory which provides refined tools for the study of the computational aspects of proofs. These tools include a duality-based categorical semantics, an intrinsic graphical representation of proofs, the introduction of well-behaved non-commutative logical connectives, and the concepts of polarity and focalisation. These various aspects are illustrated here through introductory tutorials as well as more specialised contributions, with a particular emphasis on applications to computer science: denotational semantics, lambda-calculus, logic programming and concurrency theory. The volume is rounded-off by two invited contributions on new topics rooted in recent developments of linear logic. The book derives from a summer school that was the climax of the EU Training and Mobility of Researchers project 'Linear Logic in Computer Science'. It is an excellent introduction to some of the most active research topics in the area.

The purpose of the book is to help readers learn general programming topics, structured programming principles, and how to use basic tools and algorithms. There are two modules contained in Messinge

John Ridley provides comprehensive information on usage, design and programming for the Mitsubishi FX range of programmable logic controllers, in this step-by-step, practical guide.Professional engine

Dr Andrews here provides a homogeneous treatment of the semantics (operational and logical) of both theoretical and practical logic programming languages. He shows how the rift between theory and practice in logic programming can be bridged. This is achieved by precisely characterizing the way in which 'depth-first' search for solutions to a logical formula - the usual strategy in most practical languages - is incomplete. Languages that perform 'breadth-first' searches reflect more closely the theory underlying logic programming languages. Researchers interested in logic programming or semantics, as well as artificial intelligence search strategies, will want to consult this book as the only source for some essential and new ideas in the area.

Explains the concepts underlying programming languages, and demonstrates how these concepts are synthesized in the major paradigms: imperative, OO, concurrent, functional, logic and with recent scrip

A programming course should concentrate as much as possible on a program's logical structure and design rather than simply show how to write code. The Functional Approach to Programming achieves this aim because logical concepts are evident and programs are transparent so can be written quickly and cleanly. In this book the authors emphasise the notions of function and function application which relate programming to familiar concepts from mathematics and logic. They introduce functional programming via examples but also explain what programs compute and how to reason about them. They show how the ideas can be implemented in the Caml language, a dialect of the ML family, and give examples of how complex programs from a variety of areas (such as arithmetic, tree algorithms, graph algorithms, text parsing and geometry) can be developed in close agreement with their specifications. Many exercises and examples are included throughout the book; solutions are also available.

This book by one of the world's foremost philosophers in the fields of epistemology and logic offers an account of suppositional reasoning relevant to practical deliberation, explanation, prediction and hypothesis testing. Suppositions made 'for the sake of argument' sometimes conflict with our beliefs, and when they do, some beliefs are rejected and others retained. Thanks to such belief contravention, adding content to a supposition can undermine conclusions reached without it. Subversion can also arise because suppositional reasoning is ampliative. These two types of nonmonotonic logic are the focus of this book. A detailed comparison of nonmonotonicity appropriate to both belief contravening and ampliative suppositional reasoning reveals important differences that have been overlooked.

A mathematically oriented introduction to the theory of logic programming that presents a systematic exposition of the resolution methods for propositional, first-order, and Horn-clause logics, togeth

This collection of current research on logic programming languages presents results from a three-year, ESPRIT-funded effort to explore the integration of the foundational issues of functional, logic,

Type theory is a well-established branch of theoretical computer science that has played an important role in the development of imperative and functional programming languages. This collection of ori

A comprehensive survey of the theory and applications of meta-programming, covering problems of representation and of soundness and correctness of interpreters, analysis and evaluation of meta-logic p

This books is a reprint of the Sixth Book of Mill's A System of Logic ratiocinative and inductive, being a connected view of the principles of evidence and the methods of scientific investigation, fir

Learning basic logic and fundamental programming techniques are essential for new programmers to succeed. A distinctive fundamentals-first approach and clear, concise writing style characterize this u

Learning basic logic and fundamental programming techniques are essential for new programmers to succeed. A distinctive fundamentals-first approach and clear, concise writing style characterize this u