Linear Programming and Algorithms for Communication Networks

In an epic historical story that talks directly to our times, Cross and Dragon dramatizes the life of one of the most famous Western figures in China: Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci. Sent by the Pope in the late 16th century to convert the Chinese Emperor, Ricci was faced with a “mission impossible” as China in the Ming Dynasty did not allow foreigners to enter the country. Initially, dressed like a Buddhist monk, he slipped into the country, where he impressed everyone he met with his secret weapons: remarkable memory techniques and the latest Western science. He stayed for 30 years. During this time, his journey took him from southern China and rural life to the mesmerizing city of Nanking and on to Peking, where he eventually had an office in the Forbidden City. Through his belief in cultural engagement rather than military confrontation, he opened new doors for East–West understanding.

When the Lion Dancer Comes to Town: A Feast of Fun centers on the golden trio of culinary creativity, football and martial arts. From the fall of Ah Sing’s lion figurine, the breaking of egg and the series of unfortunes, to festive days like Easter and Chef’s Day, Ah Sing and his mum work together to turn his fortune around, creating a delicious full-egg banquet. Ah Sing’s mum secretly prays for blessings and miracle finally comes. Hope this heartfelt tale brings joy, warmth and smiles to readers, showing how effort and resilience lead to rewarding outcomes.

In Socializing Medicine, Pao-chen Tang, Yuqian Yan, and Ling Zhang explore the intersections of medicine, health, and East Asian media. Interweaving archival research, audiovisual analyses, and theoretical insights from the emerging field of health humanities, the book reveals the multifaceted ways in which the mass media—from photography and film to television and live streaming—has been deployed as a tool for controlling medicine and health, privileging those with power and authority from the early twentieth century to the present. Adopting anti-colonial and anti-capitalist perspectives, the contributors in this volume challenge the dominant mediations of health against the backdrop of imperialism, Cold War geopolitical tensions, and neoliberal capitalism. Collectively, they advocate for alternative understandings of medical culture through media productions that envision accessible and equitable healthcare practices.

Hong Kong and Macau have both been Special Administrative Regions of China since 1999. To this day, however, the two SARs and mainland China have yet to form a cohesive agreement for extradition. Yanhong Yin proposes a theoretical model—the China Arrest Warrant—that fulfils three essential criteria: compliance with the framework of “One Country, Two Systems,” allowance for differences within the three divergent legal systems, and sufficient human rights protection. This model takes direct inspiration from the European Arrest Warrant, which is undergirded by the principle of mutual recognition—the idea that while states may make different decisions on a wide range of matters, results will be accepted as equivalent to decisions made by one’s own state. The success of the European Union’s adoption of mutual recognition across political, economic, and legal situations is instrumental in providing a blueprint for judicial cooperation among mainland China, Hong Kong SAR, and Macau SAR. Th

Benny Chia’s memoir of life on the fringe is a vivacious slice of Hong Kong’s life and cultural development at a time of minimal institutional support. His colourful and anecdotal story will interest culture practitioners as well as the general reader curious about the Fringe Club and its role as a seedbed for local artists and as a venue for international ones, both functions championed by Benny at the helm of this small but important institution housed in a distinctive former ice house in Central.

"My Journey to the West was inspired by my father, uncles and grandfather’s ventures to the Gold Mountain at a very young age. I had already made up my mind that I would follow their paths and embark on this adventurous journey when I grew up and searched for my own fortune." ：Brian Wong 黃榮富 From a small village to the west. From a fish pond to Hong Kong. Across the ocean to the port city of Liverpool... The story of searching for Gold Mountain started with a little boy, Brian Wong, who was living in Kaiping City, a small village in China. Brian Wong knew that one day he would embark on this perilous journey—language difficulties, prejudice—but owing to his endurance and hardworking spirit, he overcame. Follow the steps of his ancestors to achieve his dream of a golden mountain. It is a story about Brian Wong and all the overseas Chinese. See how they built Chinese culture in a foreign land with the Chinese spirit. Over 200 years ago the Wuyi people (Note 1) consisted of fi

With an increasing concern of personal data privacy in Hong Kong and around the world, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hong Kong publishes this third edition of Personal Data (Privacy) Law in Hong Kong: A Practical Guide on Compliance to provide practical guidance on the law of privacy, and the ways to protect personal data in everyday life. This third edition will guide readers through the recent developments of personal data privacy in the local, regional and global contexts with updates on recent Administrative Appeals Board and Court decisions, and investigation reports and materials from the PCPD. In addition, some most-concerned issues are discussed, such as ethical development and use of AI, the collection and use of personal data by employers during COVID-19, data protection under work-from-home arrangements, data security measures for ICT systems, guidelines on doxxing offences and data breach handling. This book will certainly provide read

This book includes two distinct parts: a reprint of the biography Stephen Smale: "The Mathematician Who Broke the Dimension Barrier" followed by new content which provides an update on Prof. Smale’s life and work to the present day. The book tells Prof. Smale’s life story, including his most important mathematical discoveries as well as his worldwide travels and other exciting adventures. It is suitable for readers interested in mathematics, mineralogy, and the esteemed career of Prof. Stephen Smale at City University of Hong Kong and beyond.

The Boundless Treasures of the Mountains and the Seas People often use the term "treasures" to describe the lives and resources existing in the mountains and the seas; however, they do not keep or care for the treasures carefully like they treat precious gemstones. Overconsumption is what humans do to the treasures. With the aim of preventing the treasures from being completely depleted in the near future, the Summer Edition's cover stories will continue the spirit of this year's theme "Grand Perspectives with no Boundaries" by sharing stories about a group of people who are committed to protecting the boundless treasures of the mountains and the seas through transnational, interagency, and intersectoral exchange and collaboration for the concept of conservation to prevail in different corners of the world. Cover Story I took the "2023 International Conservation Symposium" as a starting point to explore how international exchanges can create more opportunities for conservation practi

This book embarks on a thorough review of Eastern and Western philosophies of propriety over the past 2,500 years, followed by an investigation of the ideas of propriety found in five key schools of economics: classical, neoclassical, institutional, behavioral, and cultural economics. The author then outlines the core principles and recommended practices for the study and implementation of propriety economics in the future. With its unique mixture of theory, literature reviews, methods, and case studies, this book will be useful not only to economic scholars, but also historians, policy makers, and any reader with an interest in making the economy work better for the benefit of all humankind.

Journalism EthicsThis concise and authoritative work offers the latest guidance on journalism ethics for students and media professionals and will help empower news consumers to make informed decisions about the trustworthiness of their sources of information. It offers advice on all aspects of journalism ethics including accuracy and seeking the truth, representation of women, LGBTQ coverage, climate change, mental health, use of images, conflict reporting, elections, and how to use artificial intelligence. The author brings a unique perspective and depth of knowledge to the complex challenges facing journalists and news consumers in this era of fake news, disinformation, and artificial intelligence.

Originally published in 1900, this book and its numerous images by American photographer Eliza Ruhama Scidmore provide an excellent foundation for understanding the physical setting and political climate in 19th-century China.

Originally published in 1905, this book is a sensational account of American artist Katharine A. Carl’s time with the Empress Dowager Cixi and the Chinese Court while painting her portrait for an exposition in St. Louis.

Part memoir and part geographical and historical account, this book from 1914 is a window into China through the eyes of Mary Gaunt, an Australian author best known for travel books and fiction writing.

Mongolia, a vibrant democracy landlocked between Russia and China, stands on the edge of becoming Asia’s next boom nation—one of the richest countries per capita in the region. Referred to as the “wolf economy” for its vast natural resources—copper, gold, and rare earth metals—today, it is also home to a growing number of cutting-edge tech startups and international lifestyle brands. Its vast steppe landscape lends itself not only to herding and tourism but also renewable energy production and filmmaking. This book is about the individuals who are fighting to strengthen the country’s democracy and diversify its economy. It is about innovators aiming to realize Mongolia’s promise as a hub for green energy, tech and lifestyle entrepreneurs who are shaking up traditional industries, and go-getters who have left high-flying jobs on Wall Street to return to the country they love and play their part in moving it forward. Unlocking a country’s potential is never easy. But if administered w

This book is devoted to the systematic presentation of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) and is the most comprehensive book in the classical TRIZ and beyond. It details methods for formulating non-standard problems and various ways to solve them, etc. The book is illustrated by many examples, problems, and graphical material (approximately 300 examples and problems, and approximately 400 illustrations). It describes more than 300 concepts. Materials for independent work is provided at the end of each chapter. Some reference solutions are included. The book is intended for students of engineering disciplines who would like to have in-depth understanding of. It can also be useful for engineers and inventors, scientists, university professors, and those who solve creative problems. Professor and TRIZ Master Vladimir Petrov, is one of the most authoritative students and best friends of the Father of TRIZ, Genrich S. Altshuller. Since 1972, TRIZ Master Vladimir Petrov often con

This book, the first of its kind in Hong Kong, offers insights from experts in healthcare and higher education both locally and further afield. Key learnings and recommendations are presented in three sections: disaster management and reconstruction, including what we can learn from past earthquakes; the importance of healthcare and emergency medicine in disasters and community events; and the way forward, in particular how technology and systems thinking can be used for disaster mitigation.

Prof. William S-Y. Wang, an eminent linguist, has made significant contributions to the field regarding lexical diffusion, experimental phonetic studies, language simulation and modeling, and aging and language. To celebrate his 90th birthday, colleagues and friends worldwide have contributed over 30 articles to a two-volume Festschrift. The English volume includes topics such as Chinese language evolution, the relationship between language and music, and the brain processes involved in language production. This Festschrift is written by and for experienced language researchers and is also suitable for students of Chinese linguistics and those interested in Chinese culture, history, and neurology.

Build for a Vibrant Future We all face environmental issues such as oceanic warming, glacier calving, spreading pollution, and species extinctions. Because of this, national governments around the world are trying to deal with the problems in every possible way, from policy, to investment, to education, and more.

Chen Hansheng was not only a pioneer of modern Chinese social science, remembered for the village studies he organized by teams of researchers in the 1930s. He was also a political operative whose career as an underground and aboveground Communist activist spanned the twentieth century and the globe. This book draws on unique interviews, beginning in 1979, with Chen himself, his family and associates, along with an exhaustive examination of documents, writings, and archives, to build a rounded portrait of Chen, the man, and his world. -------------- “Stephen MacKinnon’s lifetime study of eminent social scientist and Communist Chen Hansheng makes for an absorbing, thrilling, and illuminating read. This product of decades of researching Chen, and of years of discussions with him, MacKinnon shows us how one enterprising and creative scholar became dedicated to the cause, worked for it, and then ended his life sad and angry about what became of the Chinese Communist Party in power.” —Han

Grounded in a desire to bring back to life rare items from the University of Hong Kong’s Fung Ping Shan Library that are entwined within the world of music and to place them in a context of books and images in American, British, and other Asian collections, Chinese Music in Print views the library as a repository not of information but of artifact, and then uses these artifacts as a means for generating scholarly narrative. It begins by assessing seminal texts in the Confucian canon set against the delicacy of the concubine and amanuensis Shen Cai’s calligraphy and poetry. Confucianism was itself a crucial aspect of courtly life, and an exploration of its ritual is the book’s second theme. Vernacular genres of opera and song are represented in the third chapter, while the Great Sage returns in the fourth for an exploration of the repertoire and richness of his favourite instrument, the qin. The final chapter ends the journey with discussion of the legacy of generations of Europeans who

《全方位華語精進讀本》提供中文學習者精選閱讀素材 以第二外語學習者的詞彙及程度編寫，契合需求 有效提升閱讀理解能力！ 除了一般教材，閱讀理解力的提升是語言學習的關鍵。 第二外語學習者的閱讀力需求，包含適量的詞彙、符合學習程度的句型語法、適當的主題題材、充分的詞彙應用說明，以及大量的練習題檢視吸收成效。 本書為資深海外及國內華語教師團隊撰寫的閱讀材料，書中選題契合時代趨勢，用詞遣字斟酌符合學習者需求，而清楚明瞭的結構培養閱讀寫作能力，精心設計的習題測驗理解程度，更加鍛鍊學習要點，並延伸學習應用變化。 除了契合語言學習的需求，同時亦可為華語能力測驗做準備。 適用對象：《當代中文課程》第三冊延伸閱讀、TOCFL Designed for students learning Chinese at intermediate through advanced-low proficiency levels, The Ultimate Chinese Reader cover engaging topics from Chinese literature, history & geography, technology, and culture studies, suitable for all learners to polish their reading comprehension abilities. It can be useful resource to the preparation for TOCFL as well. Each chapter includes vocabulary and intense exercise and practice section especially designed to further enhance reading and writing skills. The Ultimate Chinese Reader may be used independently for reading courses or as supplementary materials in existing Chinese learning programs. This book is ideal for learners with

◎This is the Part-One (Radical Index - Stroke No. 1-2) of Twelve printouts from the on-line dictionary that is currently under developing. ◎This unprecedented, intelligent, convenient and useful Tool provides “Pin Yin” (spelled in English) of Traditional Chinese characters. ◎Along with Stroke-by-Stroke writings for each character’s Radical and additional strokes, it is possible to learn Chinese ubiquitously. The stroke-sequences for writing radical-characters are also included in a separate nineteen-page section with the order of radical stroke number and sequence. All the multiple ways of “Pin Yin” will also appear under multiple English letters. However, an unique sort key for the Last Name found in 百家姓 (the Hundred Family Surnames) is highlighted and used for grouping the same Last Name in Traditional Character with different Last Name in English. For example, 鄭 can be found as Cheng, Jeng and Zheng in all 3 places with Cheng marked as sort-key. Therefore, all 鄭s will be grouped u

The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong SAR (the “NSL”) promises to be the most important legal development in Hong Kong since the advent of the Basic Law. Many wondered in the aftermath of the NSL how the foundations of Hong Kong’s system might be changed and in what way the freedoms valued by Hong Kong may be affected. Supporters view the law as essential for the preservation of public order and the national security of China and for supporting the fundamental well-being of “One Country, Two Systems”, an arrangement that has been in place since the return of Hong Kong to China. Critics fear an adverse impact on the spirit of “One Country, Two Systems”. From a discussion initiated by the University of Hong Kong’s Faculty of Law, this collection of essays brings together leading experts on Hong Kong and Chinese law to offer an exploratory study of the NSL and its impact on the legal system and the principle of the rule of law in Hon

The Genera of Orchidaceae in Hong Kong is a handy reference for both amateurs and professional botanists in Asia who wish to enter the field of modern orchidology. Orchid appreciation is an art deeply rooted in Asian cultures. But in 1977, when this book was first published, orchidology as a science was new to people there. The technical vocabulary was unfamiliar and the subject matter difficult to understand. Therefore, this volume was intended as a general, easy-to-use reference book, with illustrations of the basic structure of orchids and their habit and habitat clearly described in Chapter I. The book may also be used as a self-help guide for naturalists and gardeners in Hong Kong who wish to identify an orchid new to them. In Chapter II, keys, descriptions, and illustrations are given to allow the reader to look up and gain information about individual orchid species. Chapter III provides an analysis of the composition and an interpretation of the phytogeographic significance of

Games help drive engagement, achieve goals, and ultimately promote development within a group. As such, it is important for group facilitators to be equipped with game skills to ensure a lively, vibrant, and motivated atmosphere. This book includes four theoretical essays by experienced game facilitators regarding the concept, practice sharing, and application skills of group game facilitation, as well as a collection of 100 practical group games covering ice-breaking, mutual understanding, group cooperation, and problem solving. This list of games is built on the experiences and contributions of the author and social work students.

Set against the backdrop of regional and international post–Second World War tensions, Grounded at Kai Tak is the most comprehensive account of the complex legal struggle for ownership of 71 airplanes belonging to the two main Chinese airlines, which were stranded at Kai Tak airfield in Hong Kong at the end of the Chinese civil war. The resulting contest for possession of them took place in the courts and among politicians and diplomats on three continents. In the process, the struggle became entangled with the anti-communist policies of the United States in the emerging ‘Cold War’, British hopes for restoration of her pre-war commercial position in China, disagreements between nations about recognition of the new government in Peking, and the delicate balance that the colonial government of Hong Kong had to keep to preserve that colony’s interests. Merry tells the tale of this legal saga by weaving together archival documents and news reports of the day, revealing the international a

Essentials of Contract Drafting and Negotiation for Construction Professionals is a practical and user-friendly guide to common practical contractual matters and is intended for construction professionals involved in contract drafting and negotiating. Knowing how to draft an effective contract is crucial in construction, particularly because of the complex and technical nature of construction projects. Divided into six chapters, this guide will enhance and refresh essential knowledge for lawyers and construction professionals who need to understand the principles of drafting and interpreting construction contracts, how to clearly identify and include key elements in these contracts, as well as how to avoid legal traps and pitfalls in contract negotiations and enforcement.

Tripitaka and his three disciples, Monkey, Pigsy, and Sandy, were chosen to undertake a pilgrimage to India, during which they came across all sorts of dangers and difficulties. This time, the Flaming Mountain blocked their way, and they needed a little help from the Princess Iron Fan and Bull Demon, well, parents of the Red Boy, who wanted to eat up Tripitaka and was just defeated by Monkey. Things never go smooth for them! My Favourite Chinese Stories is a collection of three Chinese stories specially selected and retold in English for young readers. The first story is from Chinese mythology, while the other two are from classical Chinese literature. They are widely known to the Chinese people, and reflect, in varying degrees, some of the essential characteristics of Chinese culture. Each story is accompanied by beautiful full-colour illustrations drawn by Lo King-man as well as audio narration by the author Pamela Youde.

The Dragon King below the Jing River defied the orders of the Jade God of the Heavens and was executed. His ghost resented the Tang Emperor Taizong for not saving him, and dragged the Emperor to the Underworld. What would the Emperor see in the Underworld? Was he able to return to life? My Favourite Chinese Stories is a collection of three Chinese stories specially selected and retold in English for young readers. The first story is from Chinese mythology, while the other two are from classical Chinese literature. They are widely known to the Chinese people, and reflect, in varying degrees, some of the essential characteristics of Chinese culture. Each story is accompanied by beautiful full-colour illustrations drawn by Lo King-man as well as audio narration by the author Pamela Youde.

Traversing from the rapidly urbanising county-level city of Fuqing to the remote mountainous kingdom of Lesotho in Southern Africa, Searching for Sweetness is one of the first and most extensive ethnographies linking rural-to-urban migration in China with Chinese migration to Africa. Against the backdrop of China’s national struggle for modernity and globalisation, Sarah Hanisch examines Chinese migrant women’s complex and ever-shifting struggles for upward social mobility across different generations and localities in China and Lesotho. Embedding the women’s individual portraits into larger historical contexts, Hanisch illustrates how these women interpret and narrate their migratory and everyday experiences through and beyond powerful state metanarratives on ‘sweetness’ and ‘bitterness’. In her exploration of migratory identities and projects that have been overlooked by previous studies, Hanisch brings uniquely gendered, multi-sited, and intergenerational perspectives to existing sc

A Sketch of Truth Theory The Truth Theory refers to a natural attribute which all things embody during cosmic movement. And which features the inherent quality of the universe, that is, the attraction between Yin and Yun, the negative cosmic gas and the positive cosmic gas. It is the natural and scientific reality of the universe. The appearance of this theory will completely shatter the barriers that have hindered human understanding of life and all things in the universe for thousands of years. It will put an end to the idealism-materialism dichotomous outlook on the world and completely terminate the theism-atheism dualistic religious concept that people have disputed for thousands of years. It will enable humankind on Earth to see the universe in the true, clear-minded and correct manner for the first time. It will enable humankind to explain mysterious cosmic phenomena with our acquired part of scientific knowledge about the universe in a deep and complete manner for the first

Mementoes of HMS Tamar abound in Hong Kong, but what is really known about this troopship and her role in the maintenance of British imperial rule? Using logbooks, newspapers, and numerous other sources, this book pieces together the multifaceted and largely unknown history of the Tamar . From her launch into service to her roles as a hospital, theatre stage, and transport for military personnel, the Tamar carried not just people, but also their mundane dreams and ambitions— for friends, families, and staying alive. Any ideas or concerns about sustaining the empire seldom featured in their minds at all, but it was this empire that the Tamar served for seventy-nine years, steaming the equivalent of thirty-two times around the Earth and transporting tens of thousands of people to what would seem to them another world. In this engaging narrative, the Tamar’s exploits and the experiences of her crew and passengers parallel those of the British Empire and its subjects, bringing to life t

This book is aimed at students taking occupational safety and health courses at the universities, Construction Industry Council and Occupational Safety and Health Council. It will also serve as a reference book for registered safety of cers, safety managers, insurance surveyors, project managers, site agents, safety engineers and occupational safety of cers as well as those involved in promoting occupational safety in the construction industry and preventing accidents on construction worksites.

This book is a comprehensive guide to one’s fate in the year of Tiger, including: 1. The Luck of the Newborn Tiger and Naming Tips; 2. Land Luck, Investment Strategy and Feng Shui Setting-out for the Year of the Tiger; 3. Fortune of Each Zodiac Sign as well as guidelines on Enhancing the Luck of Wealth, Health and Relationship; Chinese Almanac for the Year with suggested Lucky Days for various events.

The context in which constitutional laws and human rights instruments are read is ever-changing, and this is particularly true for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. To understand the application of both national and local legislation and internationally recognized covenants, it is essential to be well acquainted with the documents themselves. Constitutional Law and Human Rights in Hong Kong—A Sourcebook is a one-stop resource for teaching, learning, and researching constitutional law and human rights in Hong Kong. As a handbook of teaching materials suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate studies, it is an indispensable tool for courses such as Hong Kong Constitutional Law, Basic Law, Public Law of Hong Kong, The Law of Human Rights of Hong Kong, International Human Rights Law, International Criminal Law, International Labour Law, Law and Gender, International Environmental Law, Business and Human Rights, and Discrimination Law. Moreover, it is equally useful for teachin

This delightful memoir is the story of a life well lived—a Hong Kong doctor who worked as a surgeon for over fifty years and who later turned his hand to his other great passion, gardening. At times amusing, at times heartbreaking, and at other times educational and instructive, he describes real-life cases and the medical causes of illnesses, including many incredible stories of life-saving operations that will keep you riveted to your seat. Interspersing these chapters are tales from his fascinating personal life, and reflections on his journey to becoming an expert gardener. Throughout the book is woven the metaphor of the author’s journey to Ithaka, as described in a moving poem of the same name that charts a path for how to live a life ‘full of adventure, full of discovery’. Beautifully written in a lively, engaging style, this book is sure to win the hearts of many, whether they personally knew this respected and well-loved surgeon/gardener, or whether they simply—after reading t

St. Stephen’s Girls’ College is one of the many schools run under the auspices of the Anglican Church in Hong Kong. Starting as a tiny missionary school for upper-class Chinese girls and their younger brothers, it has evolved into a large establishment, comprising kindergarten, primary and secondary sections, playing its full part in the public sector of education and now serving a complete socio-economic cross-section of the community. As one of the earliest schools for girls in the territory, St. Stephen’s played a significant role in the opening up of educational opportunities for Chinese girls. This book records the history and development of the school and is written for its 90th Anniversary, using much original source material. The author, who was head of the school for over thirty years, has set this history within the educational, social and political context of the times. This book will be of obvious interest to those who have a connection with the school: council members, t

Appropriate for use by students at varying levels of competence, Burmese: A Cultural Approach provides a thorough and systematic introduction to the Burmese writing system in Part One and a series of true-to-life conversations in Part Two. Students with some prior knowledge of the spoken language but little familiarity with the Burmese script can use Part One to solidify their grasp of the Burmese sound system as well as its orthography. Intrepid beginners could also start their study of the language by making use of Part One. Doing so would mean making a slower start at formulating phrases as compared to using a romanization system but learners would gain a firmer foundation for the later—and eventually, faster—development of their speaking and reading skills. The conversations in Part Two are extensively annotated in order to illustrate grammatical patterns, characteristic turns of phrase, and typical habits of social interaction. True to an anthropological approach to language le

本書集結六篇論文（第一、三、四、六篇德文，第二篇西班牙文，第五篇義大利文），本書為因應時代變遷下的教育環境及學生職涯挑戰，在教學方法上所提出新的論述及建構。 This book contains essays by various teachers from different universities and departments with the aim of presenting modern teaching methods for the changed learning and study conditions on the basis of theoretical preliminary considerations. Language teachers at Taiwanese universities often encounter similar difficulties in designing lessons: students’ increasing frustration and lack of motivation. Many students experience a high level of frustration and demotivation; they cannot find future prospects in language studies. Confronted with reality of time-consuming internships, part-time jobs and life, many students become painfully aware that a linguistic degree won’t prepare them for later work or provides career opportunities. In addition, they realize their low language skills and life experiences. Aware of that problem, the language departments have to find new teaching methods and create curricula which