Natural Language Annotation for Machine Learning

Decision-making in the face of uncertainty is a significant challenge in machine learning, and the multi-armed bandit model is a commonly used framework to address it. This comprehensive and rigorous introduction to the multi-armed bandit problem examines all the major settings, including stochastic, adversarial, and Bayesian frameworks. A focus on both mathematical intuition and carefully worked proofs makes this an excellent reference for established researchers and a helpful resource for graduate students in computer science, engineering, statistics, applied mathematics and economics. Linear bandits receive special attention as one of the most useful models in applications, while other chapters are dedicated to combinatorial bandits, ranking, non-stationary problems, Thompson sampling and pure exploration. The book ends with a peek into the world beyond bandits with an introduction to partial monitoring and learning in Markov decision processes.

Penguin Readers is an ELT graded reader series for learners of English as a foreign language. With carefully adapted text, new illustrations and language learning exercises, the print edition also inc

Algorithms permeate our lives in numerous ways, performing tasks that until recently could only be carried out by humans. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, based on machine learning algorithms and big-data-powered systems, can perform sophisticated tasks such as driving cars, analyzing medical data, and evaluating and executing complex financial transactions - often without active human control or supervision. Algorithms also play an important role in determining retail pricing, online advertising, loan qualification, and airport security. In this work, Martin Ebers and Susana Navas bring together a group of scholars and practitioners from across Europe and the US to analyze how this shift from human actors to computers presents both practical and conceptual challenges for legal and regulatory systems. This book should be read by anyone interested in the intersection between computer science and law, how the law can better regulate algorithmic design, and the legal ramificatio

適合6-9歲以上剛開始接觸英文的小朋友，內容包含單字、文法及手寫練習，更有免費線上音檔可以搭配，讓小朋友一步步打好英文基礎。This beautifully illustrated language course is the perfect introduction to English vocabulary and grammar for children aged 6-9. English for Everyone Junior: Beginner's Course provides children with the support they need as they take the first steps towards learning English as a foreign language. This fully illustrated course book teaches and tests more than 500 of the most important words in English, together with the essentials of English grammar.Equally effective for home study or the classroom, English for Everyone Junior: Beginner's Course is a carefully levelled English-language course that assumes no previous knowledge of English. It takes children through the basics of the language, helping them use and understand elementary English clearly and confidently. The book is carefully aligned to the pre-A1 level of the internationally recognized CEFR framework, and covers all the material necessary to prepare for the Camb

Formal semantics - the scientific study of meaning in natural language - is one of the most fundamental and long-established areas of linguistics. This Handbook offers a comprehensive, yet compact guide to the field, bringing together research from a wide range of world-leading experts. Chapters include coverage of the historical context and foundation of contemporary formal semantics, a survey of the variety of formal/logical approaches to linguistic meaning and an overview of the major areas of research within current semantic theory, broadly conceived. The Handbook also explores the interfaces between semantics and neighbouring disciplines, including research in cognition and computation. This work will be essential reading for students and researchers working in linguistics, philosophy, psychology and computer science.

Bilingual and bicultural scholar Yeng-Seng Goh offers the first in-depth English language analysis of global Chinese, exploring the spread of Chinese beyond China and its emergence as a global language. Approaching the topic from a Singapore perspective, Goh uses this fascinating language ecosystem, with its unique bilingual language policy, as a case study for Chinese language learning. Offering clear insights into the pedagogy of teaching Chinese as an international language (TCIL), this book covers a range of important topics, such as the use of English in the teaching of Chinese, the teaching of Chinese by non-native teachers, information and communications technology in L2 learning and teaching, and the progressive testing of receptive skills. In doing so, it presents a new, integrative approach to the compilation of Chinese learner's dictionaries, an innovative bilingual hybrid model for training TCIL teachers, and a solid theoretical framework for Masters of Arts programmes in T

This book integrates philosophy of science, data acquisition methods, and statistical modeling techniques to present readers with a forward-thinking perspective on clinical science. It reviews modern research practices in clinical psychology that support the goals of psychological science, study designs that promote good research, and quantitative methods that can test specific scientific questions. It covers new themes in research including intensive longitudinal designs, neurobiology, developmental psychopathology, and advanced computational methods such as machine learning. Core chapters examine significant statistical topics, for example missing data, causality, meta-analysis, latent variable analysis, and dyadic data analysis. A balanced overview of observational and experimental designs is also supplied, including preclinical research and intervention science. This is a foundational resource that supports the methodological training of the current and future generations of clinic

This book integrates philosophy of science, data acquisition methods, and statistical modeling techniques to present readers with a forward-thinking perspective on clinical science. It reviews modern research practices in clinical psychology that support the goals of psychological science, study designs that promote good research, and quantitative methods that can test specific scientific questions. It covers new themes in research including intensive longitudinal designs, neurobiology, developmental psychopathology, and advanced computational methods such as machine learning. Core chapters examine significant statistical topics, for example missing data, causality, meta-analysis, latent variable analysis, and dyadic data analysis. A balanced overview of observational and experimental designs is also supplied, including preclinical research and intervention science. This is a foundational resource that supports the methodological training of the current and future generations of clinic

geog.123 is a three-book course for the National Curriculum at Key Stage 3. This fifth edition matches the Programme of Study while meeting new teaching and learning needs for greater preparation for GCSE study. geog.123 combines a rigorous approach to content with a light touch, making it the most effective and engaging Key Stage 3 course available.Easy-to-use double-page spreads feature clearly-written objectives, student-friendly language, illustrated step-by-step explanations, up-to-date case studies and place-based examples, and high-quality photos, maps, and diagrams. Each students' book has a glossary and full index. geog.2 includes coverage of GIS, population, urbanisation, weather and climate, global warming, coasts, and Asia, and China.Each students' book is supported by online lesson plans and presentations, online resources including animations, videos, and worksheets, online assessment materials, an online student book, a teacher's handbook, and a workbook.

Nineteenth-century German classical philology underpins many structures of the modern humanities. In this book, Constanze Güthenke shows how a language of love and a longing for closeness with a personified antiquity have lastingly shaped modern professional reading habits, notions of biography, and the self-image of scholars and teachers. She argues that a discourse of love was instrumental in expressing the challenges of specialisation and individual formation (Bildung), and in particular for the key importance of a Platonic scene of learning and instruction for imagining the modern scholar. The book is based on detailed readings of programmatic texts from, among others, Wolf, Schleiermacher, Boeckh, Thiersch, Dilthey, Wilamowitz and Nietzsche. It makes a case for revising established narratives, but also for finding new value in imagining distance and an absence of nostalgic longing for antiquity.

This book provides an introduction to the mathematical and algorithmic foundations of data science, including machine learning, high-dimensional geometry, and analysis of large networks. Topics include the counterintuitive nature of data in high dimensions, important linear algebraic techniques such as singular value decomposition, the theory of random walks and Markov chains, the fundamentals of and important algorithms for machine learning, algorithms and analysis for clustering, probabilistic models for large networks, representation learning including topic modelling and non-negative matrix factorization, wavelets and compressed sensing. Important probabilistic techniques are developed including the law of large numbers, tail inequalities, analysis of random projections, generalization guarantees in machine learning, and moment methods for analysis of phase transitions in large random graphs. Additionally, important structural and complexity measures are discussed such as matrix no

This book is an advanced introduction to semantics that presents this crucial component of human language through the lens of the 'Meaning-Text' theory - an approach that treats linguistic knowledge as a huge inventory of correspondences between thought and speech. Formally, semantics is viewed as an organized set of rules that connect a representation of meaning (Semantic Representation) to a representation of the sentence (Deep-Syntactic Representation). The approach is particularly interesting for computer assisted language learning, natural language processing and computational lexicography, as our linguistic rules easily lend themselves to formalization and computer applications. The model combines abstract theoretical constructions with numerous linguistic descriptions, as well as multiple practice exercises that provide a solid hands-on approach to learning how to describe natural language semantics.

This book is an advanced introduction to semantics that presents this crucial component of human language through the lens of the 'Meaning-Text' theory - an approach that treats linguistic knowledge as a huge inventory of correspondences between thought and speech. Formally, semantics is viewed as an organized set of rules that connect a representation of meaning (Semantic Representation) to a representation of the sentence (Deep-Syntactic Representation). The approach is particularly interesting for computer assisted language learning, natural language processing and computational lexicography, as our linguistic rules easily lend themselves to formalization and computer applications. The model combines abstract theoretical constructions with numerous linguistic descriptions, as well as multiple practice exercises that provide a solid hands-on approach to learning how to describe natural language semantics.

【OET Nursing 官方應考指南】全書分為五大部分，前四單元提供OET Nursing聽、說、讀、寫測驗題型解析及相關技巧訓練；第五部分包含2份完整OET Nursing試題。■ 線上資源包含：聽力測驗音檔、聽力逐字稿、考題解答及教師手冊。■ 線上資源網址：https://www.cambridgeone.orgThe Cambridge Guide to OET Nursing is a definitive pathway to test-day success from a team of highly experienced writers, experts in language teaching and OET.Valuable practice in all four language skills required for the test! Backed by strong pedagogy and a hands-on approach to language learning, with content approved by OET, the book is your guide to success. The book includes a detailed introduction to OET with test overview as well as two complete practice tests. There is extensive task-based learning and practice for each part of the test as well as 'Tips for scoring' in all the sub-tests. Preparatory tasks offer bite-sized learning. Audio, transcripts and answers are available online via a code in the cover, and a Teacher's Book for class use.

Where do words come from?-Learning new words by understanding their storiesThe English language is made up of words from different places, events, and periods of time. Each of those words has an excit

Join the Cat in the Hat as he explains how to measure circles and calculate pi in this perfect choice for Pi Day celebrations and nurturing a love of math and numbers!The Cat in the Hat makes calculating pi—one of the most fascinating numbers in mathematics—as easy as pie! Using a piece of string and two sticks, the Cat first shows beginning readers how to draw a perfect circle. Then, using a can and a piece of ribbon, he shows how to measure a circle's circumference and diameter, and to use those measurements to calculate pi. Also included is information about the history of measurement and famous Pi Pioneers!Written in simple rhyme, Happy Pi Day is a natural choice for celebrating Pi Day (held annually on March 14), and for nurturing a child's interest in math. Fans of the hit PBS show The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! will be delighted at this new addition to the Learning Library series.

Learn about the state-of-the-art at the interface between information theory and data science with this first unified treatment of the subject. Written by leading experts in a clear, tutorial style, and using consistent notation and definitions throughout, it shows how information-theoretic methods are being used in data acquisition, data representation, data analysis, and statistics and machine learning. Coverage is broad, with chapters on signal acquisition, data compression, compressive sensing, data communication, representation learning, emerging topics in statistics, and much more. Each chapter includes a topic overview, definition of the key problems, emerging and open problems, and an extensive reference list, allowing readers to develop in-depth knowledge and understanding. Providing a thorough survey of the current research area and cutting-edge trends, this is essential reading for graduate students and researchers working in information theory, signal processing, machine le

The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the world's bestselling advanced level dictionary for learners of English.Now in its 10th edition, the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, or OALD, is your complete guide to learning English vocabulary with definitions that learners can understand, example sentences showing language in use, and the new Oxford 3000™ and Oxford 5000™ word lists providing core vocabulary that every student needs to learn.OALD is more than a dictionary. Take your English skills to the next level with extra resources and practice including the online iSpeaker and iWriter, or practise words anytime, anywhere with the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary app.Includes 1 year's access to Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary premium online and 1 year's access to the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary 10th edition app.【系列介紹】▌收錄超過140,000個字彙、片語，並包含超過1,000個新詞，如：chatbot、fake news、microplastic等。▌第十版收錄當代基礎與進階學術詞彙，包含Oxford 3000™、Oxford5000™及OPAL™（Oxford Phrasal Academic Le

Surrogates: a graduate textbook, or professional handbook, on topics at the interface between machine learning, spatial statistics, computer simulation, meta-modeling (i.e., emulation), design of expe

●ACTIONABLE AND MEASURABLE LEARNING OBJECTIVES EMPHASIZE IMPORTANT CONCEPTS. Newly added learning objectives guide students through the edition, calling attention to critical key points.●SOLID OVERVIEW PRESENTS BREADTH OF COMPUTER SCIENCE WITHOUT PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE SPECIFICS. The authors expertly present a language-independent, breadth-first introduction to computer science that includes coverage of today's hardware, software, and applications as well as a modern view of ethics.●UNIQUE APPROACH INTEGRATES TOPICS USING THE CONCEPT OF ALGORITHMS. Rather than simply present a large collection of seemingly random and unrelated topics, the authors tie the discipline of computer science together using a six-layer hierarchy that clearly demonstrates how the subjects in the book relate to each other. Student gain a clear understanding of the entire discipline of computer science that prepares them for future study in this field.●EXTENSIVE EXERCISES AND PROBLEMS PROVIDE NUMEROUS OPPORTUNITIES

Good Night Hong Kong features Victoria Peak, Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade, Ocean Park, Victoria Harbour, Lantau Island, Ngong Ping, Po Lin Monastery, Mong Kok, the Star Ferry, Hong Kong Museum of History, Nan Lian Garden, Avenue of Stars, and more. Hop aboard the Peak Tram and experience the wonders of Hong Kong! Children are invited on an exciting tour of this iconic city in the pages of this soothing and educational board book. This book is part of the bestselling Good Night Our World series, which includes hundreds of titles exploring iconic locations and exciting themes. Many of the Asia's most beloved regions are artfully celebrated in these board books designed to soothe children before bedtime while instilling an early appreciation for Asia's natural and cultural wonders. Each book stars a multicultural group of people visiting the featured area's attractions as rhythmic language guides children through the passage of both a single day and the four seasons while saluting the iconic a

"Olly's top-notch language-learning insights are right in line with the best of what we know from neuroscience and cognitive psychology about how to learn effectively. I love his work - and you will t

An unmissable collection of eight unconventional and captivating short stories for young adult and adult intermediate learners of Spanish. Olly's top-notch language-learning insights are right in line

"Olly's top-notch language-learning insights are right in line with the best of what we know from neuroscience and cognitive psychology about how to learn effectively. I love his work - and you will t

全書包含35,000個單字與片語，新增110個新詞，並以3,000幅彩色插圖與清晰圖表提升理解力。字典內文設有色彩分明的字母索引，翻閱簡單；每個詞條皆提供定義、拼字提示與例句，協助孩子在寫作與口語表達上更準確。新版特別更新世界地圖、國旗與相關資訊，適合搭配課堂作業或自學使用，是一部兼顧內容廣度與學習樂趣的工具書。亮點：收錄35,000詞條，含新詞更新3,000張全彩插圖，圖文並茂提供拼字、標點與例句說明參考資料區含最新地圖與資訊ABOUT MERRIAM-WEBSTER CHILDREN’S DICTIONARY, NEW EDITIONWith more than 35,000 words–including 110 new words–and 3,000 full-color illustrations specially created by DK’s celebrated design team and Merriam-Webster’s renowned language experts.Updated for 2019, 20 years after it was first published, DK’s Merriam-Webster Children’s Dictionary remains a must-have project companion for use at home and in school. This book combines color-coded page borders for each letter of the alphabet with modern photography and crystal-clear diagrams to enhance the learning experience.Entries include a clear definition, notes on spelling and punctuation, and examples on how to use the word in a sentence. In the reference section, maps have been updated to include new countries, cities, borders,

With this groundbreaking text, discover how wireless artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to determine position at centimeter level, sense motion and vital signs, and identify events and people. Using a highly innovative approach that employs existing wireless equipment and signal processing techniques to turn multipaths into virtual antennas, combined with the physical principle of time reversal and machine learning, it covers fundamental theory, extensive experimental results, and real practical use cases developed for products and applications. Topics explored include indoor positioning and tracking, wireless sensing and analytics, wireless power transfer and energy efficiency, 5G and next-generation communications, and the connection of large numbers of heterogeneous IoT devices of various bandwidths and capabilities. Demo videos accompanying the book online enhance understanding of these topics. Providing a unified framework for wireless AI, this is an excellent text for gradu