《錯把太太當帽子的人》作者--奧立佛・薩克斯/指定必讀兒童醫療貢獻獎終身成就獎得主--宋維村醫師/專文推薦知名書獎「山繆・強森獎」(Samuel Johnson Prize)2015年得獎作品,本書亦是該獎項創立以來,首部獲獎的科普著作,更被《紐約時報》譽為與《背離親緣》同為謳歌神經多樣性的經典著作。◆◆◆「自閉症是道光譜,一旦你知道該留意什麼,就到處都看得到它。」近年,世界各地有越來越多的人,經診斷有「泛自閉症症候群」(ASD),根據美國官方統計,如今大約每44人就有1人落在自閉症光譜中。史提夫・希伯曼為美國知名科技記者,與矽谷人士往來密切,他在2000年因為約訪高科技領域赫赫有名的人士,感覺到自閉症者似乎不像一般認為的那麼少見,他在調查後發現,自閉症「流行起來」是舉世皆然,只是原因並非盛傳的疫苗等等,而是診斷標準的改變——里歐・肯納所定的標準,已被徹頭徹尾推翻。史提夫也感到好奇:以往的標準出了什麼問題?此前幾十年,肯納的標準又造成什麼影響?於是,他投入十餘年詳盡調查,爬梳肯納和亞斯伯格發現自閉症的歷程,解釋他們的見解為何一人被埋沒數十年、另一人主導那麼久。他更深入不為人知的精神醫學,乃至神經科學發展史,挖掘出諸多驚人內幕和例子。自閉兒是怎麼被「發現」的?而這道自閉症光譜,又是如何被拼湊起來的?一般普遍視里歐・肯納為最早發現自閉症的人,他對自閉症的界定也因而影響全球數十年,像是:(1)自閉症極為罕見,一萬人中僅個位數;(2)唯有孩童會有此症,青少年或成人若表現出相似症狀者都不算;以及他後來順應學界趨勢所提的(3)自閉症雖與先天器質性因素相關,但強勢嚴厲的父母是將孩子逼得發病的原因之一。此後整整數十年,自閉兒的父母聽聞專家有新解釋或新療法,總竭盡所能地帶孩子一個試過一個,疑惑、自責的同時,往往還得面對旁人對自閉兒與家長投來的異樣眼光。直到英國的約翰和羅娜.維恩夫婦因家有自閉兒而深入研究,並與家長們長期交流十年後,發現肯納的界定有蹊蹺,具備醫學及研究專業的他們,於是翻譯了早於肯納的漢斯.亞斯伯格的論文,啟動診斷標準大翻修,讓以往「不算在內」的青少年及成年自閉症者,也能得到社會理解及服務。然而,新診斷標準篩出大量自閉族人、還原實況的努力,在媒體渲染下卻成了「鬧流行」,「打疫苗會導致自閉症」的不負責說法又於這時補上一腳,人心惶惶之餘,也將研究資源和促進理解的努力踢到一旁。
Fifteen years old and blazing with the hope of a better life, Hattie Shepherd fled the horror of the American South on a dawn train bound for Philadelphia. Hattie’s is a tale of strength, of resilien
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